Pivot Point Chapter 15 Skin – Flashcards
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dermatology
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the study of the skin, its structure, functions, diseases and treatment
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epidermis
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the outermost layer of the skin
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dermis
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the underlying, or inner, layer of the skin
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subcutaneous
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located below the dermis layer and composed primarily of fatty tissue
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inflammation
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an objective symptom characterized by redness, pain, swelling and/or increased temperature
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chronic
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conditions that are frequent and habitual
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acute
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conditions that are brief and severe
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seasonal disease
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influenced by weather
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etiology
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study of cause of diseases
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pathology
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the study of diseases
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prognosis
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a medical opinion of the future condition of illness
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subjective symptoms
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those you feel
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objective symptoms
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those you see
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macules
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discoloration appearing on the skin's surface
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papules
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hardened red elevations of the skin in which no fluid is present
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vesicles*
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fluid-filled elevations in the skin caused by localized accumulations of fluid or blood just below the epidermis
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herpes simplex*
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fever blisters; a contagious, chronic condition characterized by a single vesicle or a group of vesicles on a red, swollen base
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bulla*
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lesions, like vesicles, but larger
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pustules*
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small elevations of the skin similar to vesicles in size and shape, but containing pus
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wheals
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solid formation above the skin, often caused by an insect bite or allergic reaction
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tumors*
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solid masses in the skin
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nodule
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small tumor
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cyst
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an abnormal membranous sac containing a gaseous, liquid or semi-solid substance
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scales
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shedding, dead cells of the uppermost layer of the epidermis
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psoriasis*
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round, dry patches of skin, covered with rough, silvery scales
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crusts*
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dried masses that are the remains of an oozing sore
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excoriations*
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mechanical abrasions to the epidermis or injuries to the epidermis
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fissures*
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cracks in the skin
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scars
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formations resulting from a lesion
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ulcers*
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open lesions visible on the skin surface that may result in the loss of portions of the dermis and may accompanied by pus
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hypertrophies
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overgrowth or excess of skin
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callus
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a thickening of the epidermis, which occurs from pressure and friction applied to the skin
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verruca*
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a name given to a variety of warts
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skin tags
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small elevated growths of skin, which can easily be removed by a physician
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pigmentation abnomalities
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conditions of too much color or too little color in a particular area of the skin
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melanoderma
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any hyperpigmentation caused by overactivity of the melanocytes in the epidermis
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chloasma
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a group of brownish macules occurring in one place
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moles
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small, brown pigmented spots that may be raised; hair often grows through but should not be removed, unless advised by a physician
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melanotic sarcoma
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skin cancer that begins with a mole
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naevus or nevus
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a birthmark or a congenital mole
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leukoderma
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hypopigmentation of the skin caused by a decrease in activity of melanocytes
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albinism
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a congenital failure of the skin to produce melanin pigment
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vitiligo
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characterized by oval or irregular patches of white skin that do not have normal pigment
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comedones
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masses of sebum (oil) trapped in the hair follicles; blackheads
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milia
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caused by the accumulation of hardened sebum beneath the skin; whiteheads
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acne
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a chronic, inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands
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rosacea*
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a chronic inflammatory congestion of the cheeks and nose, observed as redness, with papules and sometimes pustules present
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asteatosis
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dry, scaly skin with reduced sebum production
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seborrhea
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a condition caused by excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands
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steatoma
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a subcutaneous tumor of the sebaceous gland, filled with sebum
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furuncles*
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appear in the dermis and the epidermis and are caused by an acute bacterial infection
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carbuncles*
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clusters of furuncles caused by an acute bacterial infection of several adjoining hair follicles
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bromidrosis
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osmidrosis; foul-smelling perspiration
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anhidrosis
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a lack of perspiration caused by fever or disease and requires medical attention
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hyperhidrosis
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over-production of perspiration caused by excess heat or general body weakness and requires medical attention
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miliaria rubra*
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an acute eruption of small red vesicles with burning and itching of the skin caused by excessive heat
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dermatitis*
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an inflammatory disorder of the skin
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eczema*
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dry or moist lesions with inflammation of the skin and requires medical attention
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impetigo*
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a highly contagious bacterial infection that produces a honey-yellow, crusted lesion, usually on the face
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the ABCDs of skin cancer
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asymmetry, color, border, diameter
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effleurage
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a light, relaxing, smoothing, gentle stroking or circular movement
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petrissage
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a light or heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles
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tapotement
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a light tapping or slapping movement applied with the finger-tips or partly flexed fingers
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friction
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a circular, or wringing movement with no gliding, usually carried out with the fingertips of palms of the hands
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vibration
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a shaking movement in the arms of the cosmetologist while the fingertips or palms are touching the client
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clay/mud packs
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usually recommended for normal or oily skin types
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cream masks
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recommended for normal to dry skin
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gel masks
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many contain botanicals and ingredients that are designed to calm and soothe sensitive skin
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modeling masks
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mixed with water and applied in a thick consistency to the face
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paraffin (warm wax)
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heated and applied to the skin the rehydrate the skin's top layers
