Piaget, Vygotsky, and Interactionists – Flashcards
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Interactionists
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These people assume that many factors affect the course of development, and that these factors are mutually dependent upon, interact with, and modify one another.
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The causal relationships among the interactive variables that affect the course of development are:
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reciprocal
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Vygotsky
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He believed that there is a closer relationship between language and thought than acknowledged by Piaget.
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Vygotsky believed there is an interactive relationship between these three things:
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language, thought, and social conditions.
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While language and thought are distinct and develop independently, logical reasoning does not develop until language and thought fuse with the development of:
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inner speech
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For Vygotsky, unlike Piaget, language initially serves a
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social function.
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Zone of Proximal Development
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the distance between the actual developmental level and the level of potential development
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Sociocultural Theory
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Vygotsky - theorists of this group believe that thinking and learning are not as internal and individual as Piaget proposed, but rather are highly influenced by language, social interaction, and culture.
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The most prominent sociocultural theorist is
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Vygotsky
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Both Piaget and Vygotsky believe that children construct knowledge through
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action
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How is Vygotsky's theory different from Piaget's theory?
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Vygotsky assigns greater importance to external influences -- language, social interaction, and the larger society.
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To Vygotsky, language and thought are, at first,
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separate processes.
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nonverbal thought
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children observe objects or events or perform actions without using language.
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nonconceptual speech
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A child utters words or phrases without thinking fully about what they mean
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a basic principle of Piagetian theory is that knowledge is constructed
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via the action of the child or learner
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Piaget saw children as
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egocentric explorers
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Piaget felt that adult language could not expand the thinking of a child ...
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beyond the limits of the child's own cognitive development.
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Piaget's concept of Speech to self is
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words spoken aloud in the presence of others that doesn't require a response or even the attention of the listener.
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Piaget viewed speech as developing from
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egocentric to social (because speech to self disappears as children develop social speech).
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For Piaget, the development of language is based on
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the prior development of sensorimotor operations and a normal social environment in which spoken language is used.
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Piaget thought that the development of sensorimotor operations is necessary for
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language development (not the other way around).
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Piaget posited that "the child needs to complete, or nearly complete..(WHAT) before using language expressively.
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the sensorimotor period
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Piaget's first stage of cognitive development
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Sensorimotor stage (Infants rely solely on action and the senses to know things)
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Piaget's second stage of cognitive development
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Preoperational stage (Children can use symbols and internal thought to solve problems).
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Piaget's third stage of cognitive development
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Concrete operational stage (age 7-11 - children are more abstract in their thinking)
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Piaget's 4th stage of cognitive development
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Formal operational stage (11 through adulthood) Adolescents and adults can think abstractly and hypothetically.
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Piaget's main thesis in his cognitive approach
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Mental growth develops via attempts of an organism to attain equilibrium (cognitive balance).
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Piaget called successful attempts to attain equilibrium this.
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Adaptation (of an organism to its milieu).
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Adaptation occurs as a result of these two related processes:
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assimilation and accommodation
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Piaget believed that an infant is born with
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certain reflexive patterns of behavior or schemata which are modified through interaction with the environment.
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the sociocultural role
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Vygotsky's Interactionist theories center on this role.
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the cognitive role
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Piaget's Interactionist theories center on this role.
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According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, how does child intelligence develop?
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Intelligence develops as children psychologically adapt to their environment and reconcile discrepancies between current forms of understanding and new physical experiences that contradict those forms of understanding.
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What do interactionists assume?
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Many factors (social, linguistic, maturational/biological, cognitive) affect the course of development, and these factors are mutually dependent upon, interact with, and modify one another.
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Social Interaction Approach
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According to this theoretical approach, language acquisition follows a transactional model of child-caregiver give-and-take in which the child learns to understand the rule of dialogue, not of syntax or semantics.
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Sociocultural theorists believe that
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thinking and learning are not as internal and individual as Piaget proposed, but rather are highly influenced by language, social interaction, and culture
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Vygotsky's SocioCultural Theory of Development stated that children learn
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through social interactions and their culture.
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Did Piaget believe that cognition came before or after language?
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before. Cognition comes before language. (The child needs to complete or nearly complete the Sensorimotor period before using language).
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Piaget - At which stage of cognitive development does oral language take off rapidly?
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Stage 2: Preoperational Stage
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Interactionists are also referred to as
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Constructivists
