Home Page Science Chemistry Physical Chemistry Conceptual Physics physics ch. 8

physics ch. 8

Michael Seabolt

14 December 2020

question

Bernoulli's principle says

answer

whenever the fluid, the speed of a fluid increases, its internal pressure decreases

question

An ideal gas is confined to a container with an adjustable volume. If the pressure and mole number are both maintained constant, by what factor will the volume change when the absolute temperature is doubled?

answer

question

The temperature of an ideal gas increase from 3C to 6C while remaining at constant pressure. What happens to the volume of the gas?

answer

It increases slightly

question

If the pressure acting on an ideal gas at constant temperature is doubled, its volume is

answer

Reduced to one-half

question

If the pressure acting on an ideal gas at constant temperature is tripled, its volume is

answer

Reduced to one-third

question

Which one of the following statements best explains why gases are not commercially sold by volume?

answer

Gas volume depends on temperature and pressure

question

A sample of neon gas at 30 degrees Celsius is confined to a cylinder with a movable piston. It is then heated until its pressure is doubled. What is the final temperature of the gas?

answer

This cannot be found since the final and initial volumes are unknown.

question

A sample of a monatomic ideal gas is originally at 27 degrees Celsius. What is the final temperature of the gas if both the pressure and volume are doubled?

answer

4(27+273)

question

An ideal gas at 0 °C is contained within a rigid vessel. The temperature of the gas is increased by 2 C°. What is Pf/Pi, the ratio of the final to initial pressure?

answer

275/273

question

Which one of the following properties of a gas is not consistent with the ideal gas?

answer

The average speed of the molecules is smaller at high temperatures

question

Which one of the following factors is directly responsible for the pressure exerted by a confined gas?

answer

Collision of gas molecules with the sides of the containing vessel

question

A copper rod has one of its ends placed in a Bunsen flame and the other end embedded in an ice cube. By what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the rod length is tripled?

answer

0.33

question

If holding hands to one side of a flame, the predominant form of heat transfer is what process?

answer

radiation

question

The primary reason why a sandy beach gets so hot on a sunny day is because

answer

sand has a small specific heat

question

The space between the inner walls of a thermos bottle is evacuated to minimize heat transfer by

answer

conduction and convection

question

If your hands are being warmed by holding them above a flame, then the primary form of heat transfer is which?

answer

convection

question

Sea breezes on a beach are attributed to a difference between land and water with respect to what property?

answer

specific heat

question

If you triple the absolute temperature of an object, it will radiate energy

answer

81 times faster

question

Convection can occur

answer

only in liquids and gases

question

By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the sun warm the earth

answer

radiation

question

By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of a metal spoon become hot when the other end is placed in a boiling water?

answer

conduction

question

When a vapor condenses

answer

heat energy leaves the substance

question

Saturation occurs in air when the

answer

air contains as many water molecules as it can contain at a given temperature

question

When water freezes, the entropy of the water

answer

decreases

question

Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

answer

yes, but work will have to be done

question

The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude that

answer

disorder in the universe is increasing with the passage of time

question

What is the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine that operates between 600 and 300 kelvin?

answer

50%

question

A substance can absorb heat energy by the process of

answer

all of the above

question

Metals are both good heat conductors and also good electrical conductors because of the

answer

looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms

question

A good heat conductor is a

answer

poor insulator

question

Your feet feel warmer on a rug than on a tile floor because the rug

answer

is a better insulator than tile

question

Energy transfer by convection is primarily restricted to

answer

fluids

question

Warm air rises because faster moving molecules tend to move to regions of less

answer

density and pressure (both of these)

question

Objects that radiate relatively well

answer

absorb radiation relatively well

question

Hot water will cool to room temperature faster in a

answer

black pot

question

Cold water will warm to room temperature faster in a

answer

black pot

question

If air were a better conductor that it is, at nighttime the earth would be

answer

considerably colder

question

A water-filled paper cup held in a flame will not catch fire. This is because

answer

the paper cup cannot become appreciably hotter than the water it contains

question

An object will normally be a net radiator of energy when its thermal energy is

answer

can't say, because thermal energy is not a temperature

question

The silver coating on the glass surfaces of Thermos bottle reduces energy that is transferred

answer

radiation

question

If a volume of air is warmed, it expands. If a volume of air expands, it

answer

warms

question

When a volume of air is compressed, its temperature

answer

decreases

question

If a poor absorber of radiation were a good emitter, its temperature would be

answer

less than its surroundings

question

A good absorber of radiation is

answer

a good emitter of radiation

question

A good reflector of radiation is

answer

a poor absorber of radiation

question

If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for heat, you would be warmer in

answer

an igloo

question

If molecules in a sample gas moved so they completely missed each other the gas's temperature

answer

would stay the same

question

Hydrogen and oxygen molecule in a sample gas have the same temperature. This means the hydrogen molecules, on average, have the same

answer

kinetic energy, but more speed

question

Suppose you served coffee at a restaurant before you are ready to drink it. In order for it to be the hottest when you are ready for it, you should add cream

answer

right away

question

The planet Earth loses heat mainly by

answer

radiation

question

Double the absolute temperature of helium gas, and the molecules of helium, on average speed up,

answer

less than twice

question

Evaporation is a cooling process because

answer

the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid

question

Steam bums are more damaging than burns caused by boiling water because steam

answer

both of these, gives up additional energy and has more energy per kilogram

question

We are warmed by condensation because water molecules in the air that strike our bodies

answer

transfer some of their kinetic energies to us

question

When heat is added to boiling water, the water temperature

answer

stays the same

question

Increased air pressure on the surface of hot water tends to

answer

prevent boiling

question

In the mountains, water boils at

answer

a lower temperature than at sea level

question

Compared to a glass oc ice water with ice in it, a glass of plain ice-cold water without ice on a warm day will warm up

answer

faster

question

When bringing water to a boil in the mountains, the time needed to reach the boiling point is

answer

less than at sea level

question

Food in a pressure cooker is cooked faster because of the

answer

higher temperature

question

Food cooked in boiling water in the mountains cooks slower than when cooked at sea level. If the temperature under the pot is increase, the food will cook

answer

neither

question

If you want to cook eggs by boiling them while in the mountains, then compared to sea level cooking, you should

answer

boil the eggs for a longer time

question

An inventor discovers a harmless and tasteless salt, which, when added to water changes its boiling point. The market value for this salt will be best if the salt

answer

raises the boiling point of water

question

Consider a steaming aluminum soda-pop can that contains a small amount of boiling water. When it is quickly inserted into a bath of cooler water, the can is dramatically crushed by atmospheric pressure. This occurs because the pressure inside the can is rapidly reduced by

answer

condensation of steam inside

question

When a gas is changed to a liquid phase, the gas

answer

releases energy

question

When a solid is changed to a liquid phase, the solid

answer

absorbs energy

question

When liquids change to a solid phase, they

answer

release energy

question

Which would bum the must

answer

100g of steam at 100 degrees Celsius

question

Suppose you walk on red coals with bare feet. Providing bits of coal do no stick to your feet, it would be best if your feet are

answer

wet

question

Te melt 50 g of 0 degree Celsius ice requires

answer

4000 calories

question

To turn 50 g of boiling water to steam requires

answer

27,000 calories

question

A refrigerator

answer

removes thermal energy from inside the refrigerator

question

The cooling effect inside a refrigerator is produced by

answer

vaporizing the refrigeration liquid

question

Ice is put in a cooler in order to cool the contents. To speed up the cooling process, the ice can be

answer

crushed

question

which involves the larger number of calories?

answer

the condensation of 1 g of steam at 100 degrees Celsius to 100 degree Celsius water

question

The number of grams of ice that can be melted by 1 gram of 100 degree Celsius steam is

answer

8 g

1 of

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question

Bernoulli's principle says

answer

whenever the fluid, the speed of a fluid increases, its internal pressure decreases

question

answer

question

The temperature of an ideal gas increase from 3C to 6C while remaining at constant pressure. What happens to the volume of the gas?

answer

It increases slightly

question

If the pressure acting on an ideal gas at constant temperature is doubled, its volume is

answer

Reduced to one-half

question

If the pressure acting on an ideal gas at constant temperature is tripled, its volume is

answer

Reduced to one-third

question

Which one of the following statements best explains why gases are not commercially sold by volume?

answer

Gas volume depends on temperature and pressure

question

A sample of neon gas at 30 degrees Celsius is confined to a cylinder with a movable piston. It is then heated until its pressure is doubled. What is the final temperature of the gas?

answer

This cannot be found since the final and initial volumes are unknown.

question

A sample of a monatomic ideal gas is originally at 27 degrees Celsius. What is the final temperature of the gas if both the pressure and volume are doubled?

answer

4(27+273)

question

An ideal gas at 0 °C is contained within a rigid vessel. The temperature of the gas is increased by 2 C°. What is Pf/Pi, the ratio of the final to initial pressure?

answer

275/273

question

Which one of the following properties of a gas is not consistent with the ideal gas?

answer

The average speed of the molecules is smaller at high temperatures

question

Which one of the following factors is directly responsible for the pressure exerted by a confined gas?

answer

Collision of gas molecules with the sides of the containing vessel

question

A copper rod has one of its ends placed in a Bunsen flame and the other end embedded in an ice cube. By what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the rod length is tripled?

answer

0.33

question

If holding hands to one side of a flame, the predominant form of heat transfer is what process?

answer

radiation

question

The primary reason why a sandy beach gets so hot on a sunny day is because

answer

sand has a small specific heat

question

The space between the inner walls of a thermos bottle is evacuated to minimize heat transfer by

answer

conduction and convection

question

If your hands are being warmed by holding them above a flame, then the primary form of heat transfer is which?

answer

convection

question

Sea breezes on a beach are attributed to a difference between land and water with respect to what property?

answer

specific heat

question

If you triple the absolute temperature of an object, it will radiate energy

answer

81 times faster

question

Convection can occur

answer

only in liquids and gases

question

By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the sun warm the earth

answer

radiation

question

By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of a metal spoon become hot when the other end is placed in a boiling water?

answer

conduction

question

When a vapor condenses

answer

heat energy leaves the substance

question

Saturation occurs in air when the

answer

air contains as many water molecules as it can contain at a given temperature

question

When water freezes, the entropy of the water

answer

decreases

question

Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

answer

yes, but work will have to be done

question

The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude that

answer

disorder in the universe is increasing with the passage of time

question

What is the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine that operates between 600 and 300 kelvin?

answer

50%

question

A substance can absorb heat energy by the process of

answer

all of the above

question

Metals are both good heat conductors and also good electrical conductors because of the

answer

looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms

question

A good heat conductor is a

answer

poor insulator

question

Your feet feel warmer on a rug than on a tile floor because the rug

answer

is a better insulator than tile

question

Energy transfer by convection is primarily restricted to

answer

fluids

question

Warm air rises because faster moving molecules tend to move to regions of less

answer

density and pressure (both of these)

question

Objects that radiate relatively well

answer

absorb radiation relatively well

question

Hot water will cool to room temperature faster in a

answer

black pot

question

Cold water will warm to room temperature faster in a

answer

black pot

question

If air were a better conductor that it is, at nighttime the earth would be

answer

considerably colder

question

A water-filled paper cup held in a flame will not catch fire. This is because

answer

the paper cup cannot become appreciably hotter than the water it contains

question

An object will normally be a net radiator of energy when its thermal energy is

answer

can't say, because thermal energy is not a temperature

question

The silver coating on the glass surfaces of Thermos bottle reduces energy that is transferred

answer

radiation

question

If a volume of air is warmed, it expands. If a volume of air expands, it

answer

warms

question

When a volume of air is compressed, its temperature

answer

decreases

question

If a poor absorber of radiation were a good emitter, its temperature would be

answer

less than its surroundings

question

A good absorber of radiation is

answer

a good emitter of radiation

question

A good reflector of radiation is

answer

a poor absorber of radiation

question

If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for heat, you would be warmer in

answer

an igloo

question

If molecules in a sample gas moved so they completely missed each other the gas's temperature

answer

would stay the same

question

Hydrogen and oxygen molecule in a sample gas have the same temperature. This means the hydrogen molecules, on average, have the same

answer

kinetic energy, but more speed

question

Suppose you served coffee at a restaurant before you are ready to drink it. In order for it to be the hottest when you are ready for it, you should add cream

answer

right away

question

The planet Earth loses heat mainly by

answer

radiation

question

Double the absolute temperature of helium gas, and the molecules of helium, on average speed up,

answer

less than twice

question

Evaporation is a cooling process because

answer

the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid

question

Steam bums are more damaging than burns caused by boiling water because steam

answer

both of these, gives up additional energy and has more energy per kilogram

question

We are warmed by condensation because water molecules in the air that strike our bodies

answer

transfer some of their kinetic energies to us

question

When heat is added to boiling water, the water temperature

answer

stays the same

question

Increased air pressure on the surface of hot water tends to

answer

prevent boiling

question

In the mountains, water boils at

answer

a lower temperature than at sea level

question

Compared to a glass oc ice water with ice in it, a glass of plain ice-cold water without ice on a warm day will warm up

answer

faster

question

When bringing water to a boil in the mountains, the time needed to reach the boiling point is

answer

less than at sea level

question

Food in a pressure cooker is cooked faster because of the

answer

higher temperature

question

Food cooked in boiling water in the mountains cooks slower than when cooked at sea level. If the temperature under the pot is increase, the food will cook

answer

neither

question

If you want to cook eggs by boiling them while in the mountains, then compared to sea level cooking, you should

answer

boil the eggs for a longer time

question

An inventor discovers a harmless and tasteless salt, which, when added to water changes its boiling point. The market value for this salt will be best if the salt

answer

raises the boiling point of water

question

answer

condensation of steam inside

question

When a gas is changed to a liquid phase, the gas

answer

releases energy

question

When a solid is changed to a liquid phase, the solid

answer

absorbs energy

question

When liquids change to a solid phase, they

answer

release energy

question

Which would bum the must

answer

100g of steam at 100 degrees Celsius

question

Suppose you walk on red coals with bare feet. Providing bits of coal do no stick to your feet, it would be best if your feet are

answer

wet

question

Te melt 50 g of 0 degree Celsius ice requires

answer

4000 calories

question

To turn 50 g of boiling water to steam requires

answer

27,000 calories

question

A refrigerator

answer

removes thermal energy from inside the refrigerator

question

The cooling effect inside a refrigerator is produced by

answer

vaporizing the refrigeration liquid

question

Ice is put in a cooler in order to cool the contents. To speed up the cooling process, the ice can be

answer

crushed

question

which involves the larger number of calories?

answer

the condensation of 1 g of steam at 100 degrees Celsius to 100 degree Celsius water

question

The number of grams of ice that can be melted by 1 gram of 100 degree Celsius steam is

answer

8 g

physics ch. 8

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