Physical Science Topic 2 Study Guide
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An electric current is produced when charges are accelerated by an electric force to move to a position of potential energy that is_______
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higher
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Resistance is caused by_____
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internal friction
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What happens to the overall resistance of a circuit when too many appliances are connected across a 120-V outlet?
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resistance is decreased
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What determines the electrical potential energy of a charge?
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The distance between the particles
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There is an attractive force between two charged objects when______
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their charges are of unlike signs
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When compared to a negative charge their are _____ as many field lines pointing outward from the positive charge
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twice
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Current is the rate at which charges move through a____
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conductor
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Name the three forms electric charge can come in
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negative, positive, or neutral
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Electrons have a ______ charge
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negative
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Protons have a ________ charge
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positive
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Neutrons have a _______ charge
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neutral
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An _________ in the number of protons and electrons in an atom give the object a net electric charge
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imbalance
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Does electric force require that objects are touching?
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no
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Do field lines ever cross each other?
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no
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Do charges move from the side with higher electrical potential energy to the side with lower electrical potential energy?
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yes
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Resistance = voltage/_____
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current
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Resistance is measured in____
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ohms
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Are most metals good conductors?
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yes
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What is the purpose of a ground wire?
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to conduct the excess charge to the planet where it is safely spread out
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Electrical power = ______ x ______
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current, voltage
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Electrical power is measured in______
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watts
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In a short circuit the resistance is ______ which increases the risk of injury
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lower
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A ground fault circuit interrupter is a special kind of outlet that acts as a small ______ _______
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circuit breaker
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______ the voltage difference in potential between the two points in a circuit
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potential difference
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____ device that produces an electric current bu converting chemical and radiant energy into electrical energy
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cell
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______ the ability to move an electric charge from one point to another
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electrical potential energy
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______ an electrical device that contains a metal strip that melts when current in the circuit becomes to great
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fuse
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______ a set of electrical components connected such that they provide one or more complete paths for the movement of charges
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electric circuit
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______ a circuit in which the parts are joined in branches such that the potential difference across each part is the same
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parallel circuit
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_____ an electrical property of matter that creates electric and magnetic forces and interactions
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electric charge
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______ a material in which charges can move freely
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conductor
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______ the force of attraction or repulsion on a charged particle that is due to an electric field
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electric force
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_______ a material in which charges CAN NOT move freely
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insulator
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____ the space around a charged object in which another charged object experiences an electric force
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electric field
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____ the opposition presented to the current by a material or device (slows the movement of charges through a conducting material)
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resistance
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______ the rate at which charges pass through a given point
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electric current
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_______ a special type of conductor used to control current
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resistor
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_____ a graphical representation of a circuit that uses lines to represent wires and different symbols to represent components
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schematic diagram
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_____ a circuit in which the parts are joined one after another such that the current in each part is the same
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series circuit
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_______ a switch that opens a circuit automatically when the current exceeds a certain value
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circuit breaker
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________ the rate at which electrical energy is converted into other forms of energy
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electric current
