Physical Science Chapter 7 Study Guide
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Sugar water is an example of a a.) suspension b.) solution c.) solute d.) colloid
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solution
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A solution in which more solute may be dissolved at a given temperature is a(n) a.) neutral solution b.) unsaturated solution c.) supersaturated solution d.) saturated solution
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unsaturated solution
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A compound that changes color when it contact an acid or a base is called a(n) a.)solute b.) solvent c.) indicator d.) salt
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indicator
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A polyatomic ion made of hydrogen and oxygen is called a a.) hydroxide ion b.) hydrogen ion c.) salt d.) base
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hydroxide ion
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Ammonia is an example of a(n) a.) acid b.) salt c.) base d.)antacid
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antacid
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A solution is a mixture that contains ________ .
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solute particles (molecules or ions) that are too small to see.
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Pepper and water make a suspension because _________.
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the pepper particles can be seen and easily separated by settling and filtration.
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An acid is a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and _________.
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turns blue litmus paper red
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Soap is an example of a base because ________.
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soap tastes bitter, feels slippery, turns red litmus paper blue, and produces hydroxide ions in water
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Litmus is an example of an indicator because _______.
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it changes color when in contact with an acid or base
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Explain how you can tell the difference between a solution and a clear colloid.
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You could shine a flashlight through them. Light passes through a solution without scattering, but a colloid scatters the light.
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Describe at least two differences between a dilute solution and a concentrated solution of sugar water.
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A concentrated solution of sugar water contains more solute relative to the amount of solvent than a dilute solution. A concentrated solution also tastes sweeter and has a lower freezing point and higher boiling point.
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Tomatoes are acidic. Predict two properties of tomato juice that you would be able to observe.
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Sample answer: tomato juice would turn blue litmus paper red, and it would react with a base.
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Explain how an indicator helps you distinguish between an acid and a base.
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An indicator is a different color in acid than it is in a base.
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Give an example of a very acidic pH value.
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A strong acid might have a pH of 1, 2 or 3.
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What combination of acid and base can be used to make the salt sodium chloride?
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Hydrochloric acid (HCL) and sodium hydroxide (NAOH) combine to make the salt sodium chloride (NaCl).
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A scuba diver can be endangeredby "the bends." Explain how the effects of pressure on the solubility of gases is related to this condition.
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The solubility of a gas decreases with decreased pressure. As a scuba diver comes up from a dive, the pressure decreases and nitrogen becomes less soluble. If the diver comes up too fast, the nitrogen comes out of solution in the blood, forming gas bubbles and resulting in "the bends."
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If you leave a glass of cold tap water on a table, sometime later you may see tiny bubbles of gas form in the water. Explain what causes these bubbles to appear.
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The solubility of a gas is lower at higher temperatures. As the cold water warms to room temperature, the solubility of dissolved gases in the water decreases, causing some of the dissolved gases to come out of solution.
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You have two clear liquids. One turns blue litmus paper red and one turns red litmus paper blue. If you mix them and the retest with both litmus papers, no color changes occur. Describe the reaction that took place when the liquids were mixed.
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Based on the litmus paper changes, one liquid is an acid and the other is a base. When they react, they form a neutral solution of a salt in water. This reaction is called neutralization.
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Compare the types of particles formed in a water solution of an acid with those formed in a water solution of a base.
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An acid forms hydrogen ions (H plus) in water solution. A base forms hydroxide ions (OH negative) in water solution.
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Fill in the missing salt product in the reaction below. HCL + KOH + ----- H2O +_____.
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KCL
