Physical Science – Atomic Structure – Flashcards
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Atomic Structure
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The atom consists of three components: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
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Atomic Number
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The order of an element in Mendeleev's table of the elements; Often represented by the symbol Z and it dictates the number of protons in the nucleus
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Atomic Symbol
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A notation for one of the chemical elements, consisting of letters - First letter is always capitalized and any letters after that is lowercase (For example... Ne, O, C, Mg, etc.)
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Atomic Mass
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The mass of a single atom (Round accordingly and use as Mass Number)
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Bohr
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A Danish physicist (1885-1962); created a new atomic model; described electrons as moving around the nucleus in fixed orbits and having a set amount of energy
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Electron
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A subatomic particle in an atom's nucleus that has a negative charge of -1
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Neutron
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A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atoma
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Nucleus
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The positively charged dense center of an atom
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Proton
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A subatomic particle in an atom's nucleus that has a positive charge of +1
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Valence electrons
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Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
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Where are protons located in the atom?
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In the nucleus
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Where are electrons located in the atom?
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In the electron cloud (flying around the nucleus)
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Where are neutrons located in the atom?
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In the nucleus
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True/False Electrons are small and essentially have no mass, so the electron cloud is mostly empty space
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True
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True/False The nucleus contains almost all of the mass of the atom and is extremely dense
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True
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True/False Protons repel other protons
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True
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True/False Electrons repel other electrons
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True
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True/False Electrons and protons repel each other
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False
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What does the "X" mean in the isotopic symbol?
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Elemental Symbol
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What does the "A" mean in the isotopic symbol?
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Mass Number
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What does the "Z" mean in the isotopic symbol?
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Atomic Number
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How do you determine the number of protons in an atom?
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Number of Protons = Atomic Number
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How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom?
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Number of Electrons = Number of Protons ONLY IF the atom is neutral
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How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?
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Number of Protons = Mass Number - Atomic Number (A - Z)
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What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
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Groups
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What are the horizontal columns in the periodic table called?
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Periods
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Write out the isotopic symbol and give the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in a neutral Helium atom
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Number of Protons = 2 Number of Electrons = 2 Number of Neutrons = 4 - 2 = 2
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Write out the isotopic symbol and give the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in a neutral Fluorine atom
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Number of Protons = 9 Number of Electrons = 9 Number of Neutrons = 19 - 9 = 10
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Write out the isotopic symbol and give the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in a neutral Sodium atom
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Number of Protons = 11 Number of Electrons = 11 Number of Neutrons = 23 - 11 = 12
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How many electrons can you fit on each shell in a Bohr's model?
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1st Shell - 2 2nd Shell - 8 3rd Shell - 8 to 18 4th Shell - 8 to 32
