Physical Science Answers – Flashcards
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| vocabulary |
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| Chapters 11-15+9 skip 14 |
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| Organic Compounds: |
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| a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon |
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| Lipids: |
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| Biochemicals that do not dissolve in water. A fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties includes oils waxes and steriods. |
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| Protein: |
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| a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and regulate processes. |
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| Nucleic acid: |
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| biochemical's made up of subunits called nucleotides. |
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| motion: |
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| an objects change in position over time relative to a refrence point. |
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| average speed: |
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| total distance traveled divided by the total time taken |
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| velocity |
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| the speed of an object as well as the object in a paticular direction |
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| acceleration: |
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| the rate at which veolocity changes over time an a obhect accelerates if it's speed, direction or both change |
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| force |
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| a push or pull exerted on an object in order to change the moyion of the object;force has size and direction |
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| chemical reaction: |
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| the process by which one or more substances shange to produce one or more different substances |
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| precipitate: |
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| a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction |
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| exothermic reaction: |
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| a chemical reaction in which heat is released to the surrondings |
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| endothermic reaction: |
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| a chemical reaction that requires heat |
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| law of conservation of energy: |
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| the law that states that energy cannnot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another |
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| chemical formula: |
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| a combonation of chemical sybols and numbers to represent a substance |
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| chemical equation: |
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| a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products |
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| reactant: |
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| a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
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| products: |
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| a substance that forms in a chemical reaction |
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| law of conservation of mass: |
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| the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed im ordinary chemical and physical changes. |
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| carbohydrates: |
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| a class of energy-giving nutrients that includes starches, sugars and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. |
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| net force: |
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| the combination of all of the forces acting on an object |
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| balanced force: |
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| when the net force on a n object is 0 Newtons |
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| fricion: |
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| a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact |
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| kinetic friction: |
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| friction between moving surfaces |
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| ststic friction: |
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| a force applied to an object that causes it not to move |
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| lubricants: |
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| substances that reduce friction such ss oil, wax and grease |
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| gravity: |
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| the force of attraction between objects +that si dur to their mass |
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| weight: |
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| the measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its value can change with the locatiom of the object in the universe |
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| mass: |
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| the measure of the amount of matter in an object |
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| terminal velocity: |
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| the constant velocity of a fallin gobject when the force of air resistance is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force of gravity |
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| Free fall: |
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| the motion of a body when only the force of gravity is acting on the body |
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| vacuum: |
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| a chamber with no matter or air |
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| projectile motion: |
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| the curved path that an object follows when thrown, launched or otherwis projected near the surface of the earth |
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| centripetal force: |
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| an unbalanced force that makes things move in a eliptical path or circular path |
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| newtons first law of motion: |
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| An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force. |
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| inertia: |
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| the tendency of an object to resist being moved or, if th object is moving, to resist a change in speed or direction, until an outside force acts on an object |
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| Newtons Second Law of Motion: |
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| the acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied |
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| Newtons Third Law of Motion: |
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| whenever oneobject exerts a force on a second object the second object exerts an equal ad opposite force on the first |
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| spectrum: |
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| the band of colors produced when white light passes through a prism |
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| apparent magnitude: |
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| the brightness of stars as seen from earth |
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| absolute magnitude: |
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| the brightness that a star would have at a distance of 32.6 light-years from earth |
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| light-year: |
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| the distance that light travels in one year; about 9.46 trillion kilometers |
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| parallax: |
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| an aparent shift in the posistion of an object when veiwed from diffeerent locations |
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| main sequence: |
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| the location on the H-R diagram where most stars lie;it has a diagnol pattern from the lower right(low temperature ad luminosity) to the upper left(high temperature and luminosity) |
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| H-R diagram: |
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| Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a graph that shows the relationship between a star's surface temperature and absolute magnitude |
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| supernova: |
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| a gigantic explosion in which massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space |
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| galaxies: |
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| a collection of stars and gas bound together by gravity |
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| nebula: |
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| a large cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space; a region in space where stars are born |
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| solar nebula: |
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| a rotating cloudof gas and dust from which the sun and olanets formed |
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| astronomicall unit: |
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| the average distance between earth and the sun approx. 150 million kilo |
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| terrrestrial planets: |
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| dense planets near closest to the sun mercury venus mars and earth |
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| retrograde rotation: |
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| the clockwise spin of a planet as seen from the n.pole |
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| prograde rotation |
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| the counter clockwise spin as seen from the n.pole |
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| gas giants: |
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| planets that have deep,massive atmospheres, such as jupiter saturn uranus and neptune |
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| satellite: |
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| a natrul or artifical body that revolves around a planet |
