Physical and Human Geography of Cuba – Flashcards
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economy
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system in which people produce, sell, and buy things
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Economic Activity
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production of goods and services
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Primary Sector
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taking raw materials from soil or water (incl. mining, fishing, farming, forestry). (Maine: lobsterman, forester)
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Secondary Sector
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using raw materials to manufacture products (Maine: chef, carpenter)
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Tertiary Sector
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services, such as banking and health care (Maine: advertiser, salesman)
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Factors of production
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the factors necessary for a successful economy
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land
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natural resources
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labor
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size and education level of workforce/population
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capital
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country's wealth and infrastructure (roads, buildings, power supply, sewer, etc.)
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entrepreneurship
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creativity and risk needed to develop goods and services
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Economic Systems
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the ways in which countries organize the production of goods and services
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traditional economy
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people trade goods and services without money
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free enterprise economy
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privately owned businesses create goods that people buy in markets (a.k.a. market economy, capitalism)
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command economy
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government owns most parts of economy and decides what will be produced and sold
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mixed economy
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elements of free enterprise and command
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government
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an organization that keeps order, sets rules, and provides services for a society
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citizen
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a person who is loyal to a government and is protected by it
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democracy
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a form of government in which citizens elect representatives to govern them
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monarchy
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a form of government in which a king or queen rules a country
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dictatorship
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a form of government in which a ruler holds total power (and usually comes to power through force)
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oligarchy
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a form of government in which a small group of people holds power (e.g. military or wealthy people)
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communism
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an economic and political system in which the government owns and controls economic activities and exerts great power over its people
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Havana
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Cuba's capital city, a major port and commercial center
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sugar cane
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a major cash crop in Cuba, used to make "refresco" drinks and processed into molasses and alcohol
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tobacco
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a major cash crop in Cuba, used to make the country's famous cigars
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Cuban music
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An important part of Cuban culture, this is a fusion between Spanish vocals and African rhythms
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Cuban War of Independence
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(1895-1898) The final war fought by Cuba against Spain, eventually escalating (turning into) the Spanish-American War and resulting in Spain's withdrawal from Cuba.
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Batista
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the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, then the dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution
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Fidel Castro
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the politician and revolutionary leader who served as Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and then President from 1976 to 2008
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Cuban Revolution
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armed revolt led by Fidel Castro to overthrow the Batista government
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Guantanamo Bay
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A naval base leased (rented) to the United States by Cuba as part of a treaty signed after the Spanish-American War. This is still used by the United States to hold prisoners of war.
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Cold War
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(1947-1991) A period of tension and military threats between communist countries (led by the Soviets) and capitalist countries (led by the United States)
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Bay of Pigs
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Location where counter-revolutionary fighters from the United States (people wanting to stop Castro's revolution) landed when they tried to invade Cuba and stop Castro. Their mission failed.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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(1962) A 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles set up in Cuba, a direct threat to the United States. The Soviets backed down and removed their missiles.
