question

Which of the following best describes a metaphysical monist? a. someone who believes in the existence of God b. someone who believes in the existence of physical reality and spiritual reality c. someone who believes in the existence of only physical reality d. someone who believes in the existence of only one kind of reality

answer

d

question

Philosophical questions about the nature of reality fall under the heading of metaphysics. True or False

answer

True

question

According to your text, a metaphysical idealist is a person who is very optimistic. True or False

answer

True

question

Which of the questions listed here captures the central focus on ontology? a. Could a computer talk? b. What's the fundamental source of our knowledge? c. What is most fundamentally real? d. Is there an afterlife?

answer

c

question

Metaphysical materialism is a form of dualism. True or False

answer

False

question

What is the name of the principle that states that we should eliminate (shave off) all unnecessary entities and explanatory principles in our theories? a. Ockham's Razor c. The Principle of the Nonidentity of Discernibles b. The Principle of the Identity of Indescernibles d. The Principle of Induction

answer

a

question

A mind-body dualist would be most likely to assert which of the following claims? a. We have either a mind or brain but not both. b. The mind and brain are two different things. c. "Mind" and "Brain" are two words for the same thing. d. We have only a brain.

answer

b

question

Interactionism suggests that which of the following statements is true? a. We have both a mind and a brain, but they don't interact since one is purely mental and one purely physical. b. We have both a mind and a brain, and the brain casually affects mental events, but the mind can't casually affect physical events. c. We have both a mind and a brain, and they casually affect one another. d. While we are sure we have a brain, we must remain skeptical about whether or not we have a mind.

answer

c

question

Descartes's position on the mind-body issue is a form of metaphysical dualism. True or False

answer

False

question

Hugh Elliot's story of "Tantalus" was meant to illustrate the fact that are thoughts are the product of a nonphysical mind. True or False

answer

True

question

Descartes believed that the mind and body interact in the pineal gland. True or False

answer

True

question

12. In Jeffrey Olen's story about the watch, the people who thought a gremlin caused the watch to move represent mind-body interactionists. True or False

answer

true

question

Identity theory claims that the mind is identical to a nonphysical substance that is separate from the brain. True of False

answer

False

question

Which one of the following questions does not express a common criticism of Cartesian dualism? a. How does interaction occur? b. What about the success of brain science? c. What about the conservation of energy? d. Does the fact that two things always occur together necessarily imply that they are identical?

answer

d

question

The functionalist denies that mental states are necessarily identical to brain states. True of False

answer

True

question

The functionalist denies that mental states can function as the causes of behavior. True of False

answer

False

question

The position of functionalism is incompatible with the strong artificial intelligence position. True of False

answer

False

question

René Descartes believed that someday machines would become intelligent. True of False

answer

False

question

Descartes argued that understanding language can be used as a criterion for identifying genuine intelligence. True of False

answer

True

question

The strong AI thesis claims that it is possible for a computer to have cognitive states. True of False

answer

True

question

John Searle's Chinese room argument attempted to refute physicalism. True of False

answer

False

question

Searle maintained that there is a difference between simulating cognition and duplicating it. True of False

answer

True

question

According to Jeffrey Olen's essay, the identity theorist claims that pain is identical to a particular kind of brain event True of False

answer

True

question

Monotheism is the belief that God and the world are identical. True or False

answer

False

question

An evidentialist is one who claims that belief in God must be supported by objective evidence. True or False

answer

True

question

There are both atheists and theists who are evidentialists. True or False

answer

True

question

It is an essential claim of all atheists that it can be proven that God does not exist. True or False

answer

False

question

The distinction between atheists and agnostics is best characterized by saying that a. agnostics deny the existence of God, while atheists insist there's insufficient evidence to know whether or not God exists b. atheists deny the existence of God, while agnostics insist there's insufficient evidence to know whether or not God exists c. atheists claim we can absolutely prove God doesn't exist, whereas agnostics agree God doesn't exist but deny we can prove this with absolute certainty d. atheists are existentialists, whereas agnostics are nonevidentialists

answer

b

question

To be an agnostic is, by definition, to be a nonevidentialist. True or False

answer

False

question

Fideism is one form of nonevidentialism. True or False

answer

True

question

A priori arguments are based on reason alone and not data obtained from experience. True or False

answer

true

question

The cosmological argument for God is a type of a posteriori argument. True or False

answer

True

question

All versions of the cosmological argument contain the claim that the universe is not self-explanatory. True or False

answer

True

question

An essential premise of the cosmological argument is the claim that everything has a cause for its existence. True or False

answer

False

question

The teleological argument argues for the existence of God on the basis of a. the evidence of design in the universe. b. the existence of contingent beings that require an explanation. c. our deep-seated conviction that there is a teleos or a purpose and meaning to human life. d. the need for a first cause that brought the universe into existence.

answer

a

question

In his argument for God, William Paley uses the analogy of a. a large ball found in the woods. b. the information found in the DNA molecule. c. a watch found upon the ground. d. a perfect island.

answer

c

question

In his refutation of the teleological argument, David Hume argues that a. the analogy between human creations and the universe is weak. b. we have no other universe with which to compare this one. c. it supports the conclusion that God has all the limitations of human creators. d. all of the above

answer

c

question

Which of the following figures is well known as a severe critic of the argument from design? a. Paley b. Hume c. Aquinas d. Swinburne

answer

b

question

The term "ontological" comes from the Greek and means "having to do with the science of being". True or False

answer

True

question

St. Anselm is recognized as the originator of one form of the a. cosmological argument c. argument from contingency b. ontological argument d. teleological argument

answer

b

question

Anselm is best characterized as a. a natural theologian c. an agnostic b. a fideist d. a nonevidentialist theist

answer

a

question

Blaise Pascal believed that faith could be proven by reason. True or False

answer

False

question

According to Pascal, deciding whether or not to believe in God is not an optional decision. True or False

answer

True

question

Pascal assumes that the only options are belief or disbelief in the Christian God, but he does not consider other religious options. True or False

answer

True

question

W. K. Clifford's argument rejects the notion of basing beliefs on faith alone. True or False

answer

True

question

William James's essay "The Will to Believe" was an attempt to defend W. K. Clifford's position. True or False

answer

False

question

Søren Kierkegaard believed that faith should never go beyond what can be proven on the basis of reason. True or False

answer

False

question

According to Kierkegaard, there is a difference between knowing about God and having faith in him. True or False

answer

True

question

Pascal's discussion of gambling and religious belief is intended to show that a. there is more to gain and less to risk in believing in God. b. life is a game and should not be taken too seriously. c. choosing God or choosing unbelief are equally risky choices. d. the religious person does not gamble but bases his or her choices on knowledge that is certain.

answer

a

question

W. K. Clifford's story of the shipowner was intended to make the point that a. the best we can do is to act on our sincere convictions. b. it is better to take risks in the hope that we are right than to never venture out into the unknown. c. it is always wrong to believe anything on insufficient evidence. d. faith provides us with a basis for belief when reason fails us.

answer

c

question

According to William James, an essential condition for an act of faith to be a reasonable option is when a. the rational evidence is overwhelmingly in its favor. b. no doubts are at all possible. c. the decision one way or the other is unavoidable. d. all the above

answer

c

question

Pascal's, James's, and Kierkegaard's position on faith and reason could be best described as a. rationalistic theism. c. natural theology b. agnosticism. d. nonevidentialism

answer

d

question

In his parable about the two worshipers, Kierkegaard says that the worshiper who is genuinely in the truth is a. the one who has the correct beliefs about God. b. the one who is able to rationally justify his or her beliefs. c. the one who prays to a false idol with utmost passion. d. the one whose actions conform to the laws of his religion.

answer

d

question

Kierkegaard's view on the relationship between faith and reason is that a. when faith and reason conflict, faith should be given the priority over reason. b. reason should have priority over faith to make sure our beliefs are rational. c. reason can prove the existence of God, but having such a proof is not necessary to have faith. d. having objective reasons for believing in God's existence is a necessary first step to having faith in God.

answer

a

question

Monotheism is the belief that God and the world are identical. True or False

answer

False

question

An evidentialist is one who claims that belief in God must be supported by objective evidence. True or False

answer

True

question

There are both atheists and theists who are evidentialists. True or False

answer

True

question

Intelligent design theory is an attempt to show that the theory of evolution by itself is able to explain the appearance of design in the world. True or False

answer

False

question

The fine-tuned universe argument for God attempts to undermine the claim that the universe was produced by the Big Bang. True or False

answer

False

question

The ontological argument is an example of an a priori argument. True or False

answer

True

question

A theodicy is an attempt to justify God's permitting evil to occur. True or False

answer

True

question

The greater goods defense claims that some evils are necessary in order to achieve certain good ends. True or False

answer

True

question

Pantheism is the view that God is separate from the world. True or False

answer

False

question

Hindu thought affirms the doctrine of reincarnation. True or False

answer

True

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