Philosophy: Chapter 7, The study of ethics – Flashcards
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Ethics
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Moral philosophy and moral value. A branch of axiology. Connected to religion and a belief in a God.
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Existentialism
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20th century philosophy by Jean Paul Sartre, supported by Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. Existence precedes essence, no human nature precedes our presence.
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Feminism
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Sociopolitical theory defending women's dignity and rights.
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Egoism
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A belief that the right thing to do is whatever is in your best interest.
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Ayn Rand
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Moral egoist, believed that every act is out of self interest. Pleasure is the guide to behavior.
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Hedonism
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Motivational belief that all acts are pleasure or ought to be pleasure.
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Held a strict nonconsequentionalist view of ethics
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Immanuel Kant
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Categorial imperative
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Act only as if your actions were universal law, no exception.
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Contractualism
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Morality by agreement.
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Virtue Ethics
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Pursue positive virtues, such as kindness-and shun vices, such as greed.
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Utillitariasm
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Moral and social philosophy of Jerry Bentham and John Mill. The greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.
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Metaethics
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an analysis of the meaning and logic of ethics, and moral argumentation.
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Psychological egoism
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Every act is motivated by self.
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Moral Egoism
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Every act 'ought' to be motivated by self.
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T. M. Scanlon
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contemporary contractualist philosopher, believed actions were motivated by reason.
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Principle of Falsifiability
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Refutation of scientific theories.
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Foundation for Metaphysics of Morals
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title of book by Immmanuael Kant presenting duty oriented morality.
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Moral realism
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Moral judgements are based on moral facts, with no room for subjective, preference or projections of the mind.
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Philosophy of Aristotle
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Virtue ethics.
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Thomas Hobbes
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Philosopher associated with the theory of psychological egoism.
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What ethical philosophy is tied to Plato?
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Egoism, being moral is doing what is in your best interest.
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What are the 1st and 3rd formulations of categorial imperative.
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1st-Act as if your action were to become a universal law. 3rd-Treat others as you would want to be treated.
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Altruism
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selflessness, the unselfish concern for the welfare of others.
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Ethics must be logical, motivated by reason and good will.
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Kant's philosophical ethics.
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Consequentialism
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A concept in Kant's philosophy, the moral worth of an act depends on it's consequences.
