Pharmacology Ch. 44 – Drugs Used for Cancer Treatment – Flashcards

Disorder of cellular growth, life span, and death

Programmed life cycle that includes a cell death

- Group of abnormal cells that generally proliferate more rapidly than normal cells - Loss the ability to perform specialized functions - Invade surrounding tissues - Metastases

M - Mitosis is the phase of cellular proliferation in which the cell divides into two equal daughter cells. Cells either advance into a nonproliferative stage known as G0, or advance to the first gap phase, G1. G0 - The largest variable in the cell cycle, and during this resting phase the cell is not actively replicating. G1 - Considered a presynthetic phase in which the cell prepares for DNA synthesis by manufacturing necessary enzymes. S - Active synthesis of two sets of DNA. G2 - Postsynthetic phase in which the cell prepares for mitosis by producing RNA, specialized proteins, and the foundations for mitotic spindle apparatus needed for mitosis.

The time required to complete one cycle

Schedule dependent certain phase or reproduction for rapid growth

Active throughout the cell cycle and may be more effective against slowly proliferating neoplastic tissue.

Using cell cycle-specific and cell cycle-nonspecific agents, is superior in therapeutic effect than the use of single-agent chemotherapy.

- Alkylating agents - Antimetabolites - Natural products - Antineoplastic antibiotics - Hormones

An antigen present on the surface of essentially all B and T lymphocytes, most monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and some granulocytes. It is thought that the binding of the antibody to the cell surface antigen kills leukemic cells. It is used to treat B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia inn patients who have been treated with alkylating agents and have failed fludarabine therapy

Is an antibody that is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonist. VEGF is secreted and binds to its receptors, located primarily on the surface of endothelial cells of blood vessels, inducing new blood vessel growth. The administration causes a reduction of new blood vessel growth, inhibiting mestastatic disease progression. It is used in combination with chemotherapy for treating patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum. It is also used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Do not administer or mix with dextrose solutions

Is a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGRF) on normal and tumor cells, inhibiting attachment of epidermal growth factor (EGF). This results in inhibition of cell growth and eventually cell death. It is used to treat certain types of colon and rectal cancer and head and neck cancer

It released in the cell and binds to DNA, causing DNA strand cleavage and cell death. The major benefit of it is that it selectively targets cancer cells containing CD33 antigen and spares other cells from toxicity.

It is a radioimmunotherapeutic agent. It is used to treat relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is refractory to rituximab therapy. Before administer, the patients must receive a predose of rituximab. Because it is a radioactive medicinal agent, it must be prepared in a nuclear pharmacy before administration, and personnel must be aware of radioactive precautions when handling the product.

It is used to treat epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- expressing, metastatic colorectal carcinoma with disease progression during or following 5-fluoruracil-, oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-containing chemotherapy regimens

It is a genetically engineered monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B lymphocytes and on B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It is used to treat patients with relapsed or refractor low-grade or follicular, CD20-postive, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

It is used to treat metastatic breast cancer with HER-2-positive tumors, either as a single agent in patients who have received one or more chemotherap regimens, or in combination with paclitaxel in patients who have not received chemotherapy for their metastic disease.

It is used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

It is used as first-line treatment of pancreatic cancer in combination with gemcitabine

It inhibits tyrosine kinases associated with epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs). It is thought that by inhibiting the epidermal growth factors, the malignant cells cannot multiply and will die. It is used to treat non-small lung cancer

Used to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)

It enters the cell and binds to the tyrosine kinase receptors, completely blocking the downstream cascade of cellular activity. It is an oral agent that has demonstrated efficacy in combination with capecitabine in patients with previously treated HER-2-positive metastic breast cancer

It is used for chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is also more effective against resistant cells than imatinib and is available in an oral dosage form.

Inhibits several tyrosin kinase enzyme systems on the cell surface and within the cell, inhibiting tumor growth. It is approved to treat renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma

It is used to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and advanced renal cell carcinoma

Are enzymes that play an important role in the production and metabolism of proteins. Specific types of cancer cells depend on proteasomes for rapid growth that are not part of normal cell growth. It is used to treat mantle cell lymphoma

It is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase enzymes that may induce cell cycle arrest (thus preventing cell replication) or apoptosis of cancer cells. It is used to treat the cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).

It is used to reduce the cumulative renal toxicity associated with the repeated administration of cisplatin in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. It is also used to reduce the incidence of xerostomia in patients undergoing postoperative radiation treatment for head and neck cancer.

It is used to reduce the incidence and severity of cardiomyopathy associated with doxorubicin in women with metastatic breast cancer.

It is used as a prophylactic agent to reduce the incidence of ifosfamide- and cyclophospamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

Stimulates erythropoiesis (production of RBCs). It is used to treat anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy. Increased hemoglobin levels are not generally observed until 2-6 wk after initiating treatment. It is administered by weekly subcutaneous injection.

Stimulates production of RBCs. It is used to treat anemia in patients with chronic renal failure or those receiving chemotherapy. It is administered by subcutaneous or IV injection three times weekly.

It stimulates production of neutrophilic white blood cells. It is used to reduce the neutropenia interval in bone marrow transplantation, to stimulate white blood cell production in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and to treat neutropenia in acute myelogenous leukemia.

Stimulates platelet production at the stem cell level. It is used to prevent severe chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in nonmyeloid malignancies and to decrease the need for platelet transfusions.

Have the same mechanism of action as filgrastim. It has reduced renal clearance and prolonged duration of action compared with filgrastim.

It stimulates pproduction of granulocytes and macrophages, increases the cytotoxicity of monocytes toward certain neoplastic cell lines, and activates polymorphonuclear neutrophils to inhibit the growth of tumor cells. It is used to accelerate bone marrow transplant recovery, correct neutropenia in patients with aplastic anemia, and stimulate bone marrow recovery in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.