Periods 1 & 2 AP World History – Flashcards
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Agricultural Rev./Transition or Neolithic Rev.
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hunting and gathering to farming, occurred worldwide between 10,000 BC and 2000 BC
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Aristocracy
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a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility
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Barbarian
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a person belonging to a tribe or group that is considered uncivilized; a savage brutal or cruel person
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Cities (vs. Villages)
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a community of people smaller than a town and bigger than a village
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Brahmins
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a socially or culturally superior person, a member of the upper classes from New England
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Civilizations/Advances Societies
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a society in an advance state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)
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Complex institutions
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a structure used to govern the people around it the specialization of trade
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Currency
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a type of money; a country's currency
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Deity
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a god or goddess; a divine being
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Democracy
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a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
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Dharma
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principle or cosmic order, teaching or religion of Buddha; you must accept what caste you are born into and do your duties in order to move on in your next life
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Diffusion
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the spreading something more widely
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Diversified Food Supply
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large selection of foods
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Domesticated Animals
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tamed animals; can live with humans without harming them
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Dynastic Cycle
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important political theory in China, every dynasty goes through a certain cycle
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Egalitarian
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belief that all people are created equal and deserve equal rights
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Ethical Legal Codes
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a system of principles about morality and acceptable conduct
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Frontier
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border separating 2 countries
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Hunters and Gatherers/Foraging/Nomadic
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a person who hunts or kills for food
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Ice Age
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global episode during a past geological period; when everything froze (the ice age)
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Intensive Cultivation
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agricultural production system characterized by high inputs or labor
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Irrigation Systems
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artificial application of water to the soil; used to assist the growing of agricultural crops
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Karma
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sum of a person's actions in all their states of existence, viewed as their deciding fate (what they will be judged on)
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Mandate of Heaven
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traditional Chinese philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rules
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Monogamy
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practice or state of being married to one person
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Pagan
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person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions
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Pastoral/Pastoralism
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branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock
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Patriarchy/Patriarchal Systems
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system of government in which the father or the eldest male is head of the family
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Polygamy
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practice of having more than one wife or husband
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Record Keeping
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act of keeping detailed notes about activities and events
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Secular
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denoting attitudes, activites, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis
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Sericulture
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production of raw silk
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Settled Populations
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population of people who stayed in their location; in their location (in one location)
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Slavery
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state of being a slave
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Specialization of Labor
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the learned skill of a specific job
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Surplus
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amount of something left over when the requirements of what you need have already been met
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Syncretism
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the amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought
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Textiles
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branch of industry involved in the making of cloth
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Theocracy
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system of government in which priests rule in the name of god or a god
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Bureaucracy
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system of governing in which most important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected officials
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Ancestor Veneration
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Veneration of the dead is based on the belief that the deceased, often family members, have a continued existence and/or possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living
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Animism
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the belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe
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Bodhisattva
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Buddhism; a deity or being who has attained enlightenment worthy of nirvana but who remains in the human world to help others
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Caste System
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a social structure in which classes (social classes) are determined by heredity (the family you are born with)
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City-State
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urban center and agricultural around it under its control; loosely connected with others by cultural characteristics, but was independent and competed
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Classical
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in the style of ancient Greece or Rome, especially in architecture; relating or belonging to the ancient Greeks or Romans or their cultures
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Codification
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to arrange things, especially laws, rules, or principles, into an organized system or code
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Dao/Tao
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the ultimate principle of the universe, the "way" in Chinese Daoism philosophy
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Diaspora/Diasporic Communities
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scattered communities around the middle east; communities of a given ethnic group living outside their homeland
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Enlightenment
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use reason and experience rather than religion or tradition to understand the world and help it progress
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Filial Piety
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the virtue and reverence for family (CONFUCIANISM)
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Hellenistic
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culture derived from Greek civilization that flourished between 800 and 400 B.C.E. ; Greek culture spread throughout the Mediterranean world
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Manifestations
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an act of showing or demonstrating something; the condition of being shown or being perceptible
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Merchants
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somebody who buys and sells goods, especially as a whole saler or internationally
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Missionaries
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somebody sent to another country by a church to spread its faith or to do social and medical work
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Monarchy
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a political system in which a state is ruled by a monarch (a monarch and his or her family)
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Monastery/Monastic Life/Monasticism
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a building or buildings with grounds in which a group of people observing religious vows, especially monks, live together
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Monsoon Winds
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a period of heavy rainfall, especially during the summer over South and Southeast Asia
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Rajas
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a chief of a group of nomadic Aryans. They later became kings of small villages in India; title given to an Indian prince or king
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Reincarnation
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body in which someone is reborn; a person or animal in whose body somebody's soul is born again after he, she, or it has died
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Rents
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exchanged labor
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Republic
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a political system or form of government in which people elect representatives to exercise power for them
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Rituals
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the observance of actions or procedures in a set, ordered, and ceremonial way
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Sanskrit Scriptures
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sacred language by the Vedas in India, mainly for religion
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Scriptures
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sacred writings of the bible; a passage from the bible
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Shamanism
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a religion of northern Asia, in which shamans are believed to be able to intercede
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Sinicization
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to acquire a Chinese idiom, form, or cultural trait, or give somebody or something a Chinese idiom, form, or cultural trait
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Social Harmony
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relating to human society and how it is organized; peace for all
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Universal Truths (dealing with belief systems)
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an organized collection of beliefs; what is believed in throughout every religion
