Period 5: 18 and 19 – Flashcards
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In the 19th century, European interest in expanding overseas markets was driven by a desire to
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Sell surplus manufactured goods
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Which of the following highlights the relationship between imperialism and nationalism?
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Colonies as symbols of "Great Power" status
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Which of the following was a consequence of the emphasis on cash-crop agriculture in European colonies?
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The vulnerability of African and Asian farmers to price fluctuations in the international market
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Which of the following reflects a new element in European views of non-europeans in the 19th century?
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The belief that the racial inferiority of non-europeans could be scientifically proven
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Which of the following characterizes the response of most Asian and African societies to European colonial rule in the 19th century?
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Accommodation for those who say colonial rule as advantageous and resistance for those a who viewed colonial rule as oppressive
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Which of the following European colonial views shaped the development of African identity in the nineteenth century?
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The notion of an Africa divided into tribes
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The colonization of New Zealand, Australia, and Hawaii during the nineteenth century was most similar to the colonization of
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North America in the 17th century
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What played a more important role in distinguishing rulers from their colonial subjects in the imperialism of the nineteenth-century than in earlier instances of imperialism?
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Race
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In the imperialism of the nineteenth century, how did the number of European settlers in African and Asian colonies generally affect the extent of racial segregation and discrimination?
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Colonies with a large European settler population experienced more racial discrimination and racial segregation
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Which of the following describes the model for social development preferred by Europeans for their colonies?
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Traditional rural societies with their established authorities and social hierarchies
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The spread of Christianity in Africa was facilitated by its association with
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Modern Education
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In the 19th century, Europeans and Americans viewed imperialism as
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A "civilizing mission"
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How did Charles Darwin's ideas on evolution influence Western imperialism?
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They were used to justify the displacement or destruction of "weak" races
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How were colonial takeovers of India and Indonesia during the long 19th century similar?
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In both, colonial conquest grew out of earlier interaction with European trading firms
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Which of the following characterized the "scramble for Africa" that led to the partition of nearly all of Africa among European colonial powers?
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The peaceful negotiation among the competing European states over "who got what"
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In what respect were Ethiopia's and Siam's encounters with European imperialism in the long 19th century similar?
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Both avoided the colonization to which their neighbors succumbed
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Which of the following represents the imperialist actions of a country outside of Europe?
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Japan's takeover of Taiwan and Korea
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Which of the following was a distinctive feature of European colonial rule in the 19th century?
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The counting and classification of colonial populations
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How was the Taiping Uprising different from other peasant rebellions in China?
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Its program included the abolition of private property
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Which of the following reflects the goal of the policies introduced by the Chinese state in the 1860s and 1870s to address the problems facing China?
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To reinvigorate China by selectively borrowing from the west
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Islam retained a hold on its civilization in the 20th century more firmly than Confucianism did in China because Islamic civilization
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had many independent centers
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What was a result of the reform program launched by the Japanese leadership in the late 19th century?
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A dramatic transformation of the social structure of Japan
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What did the Young Turks advocate?
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A militantly secular Turkish national state
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Which of the following characterizes Japanese colonial policies in Taiwan and Korea in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
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Japanese colonialism matched or exceeded the brutality of European colonialism
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Which of the following was a target for attack in the new nationalism that emerged in China at the turn of the 20th century?
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The Qing dynasty
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The capitulations between European countries and the Ottoman Empire were similar to
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the unequal treaties between European countries and China
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Which of the following contributed to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century?
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Nationalist-inspired independence movements in Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania
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In what respect were Qing China and the Ottoman Empire similar in the 19th century?
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Both were semi-colonies within the informal empires of Europe
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How did Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 affect the Ottoman Empire?
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The Ottoman Empire lost Egypt as a province
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In the 19th century, which group in the Ottoman Empire advocated a program of radical secularization and modernization along European lines?
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Young Ottomans
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Which was the only country outside of Europe and North America to successfully launch its own Industrial Revolution?
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Japan
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What did the United States expect to gain by sending a naval fleet to Japan in 1853?
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The opening of Japanese ports for trade
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How did the leadership that emerged after the Meiji restoration in Japan respond to the threat of Western imperialism?
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They used Western models to transform Japan
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Which of the following events established Japan as and economic, political, and military competitor in Asia?
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The Russo-Japanese war
