question

What development stages does HWT follow?

answer

1. imitation --> 2. copying --> 3. independent writing

question

What developmental order does HWT follow?

answer

capitals then lower case

question

Letters are taught

answer

in small groups of similar formation

question

This style of teaching incorporates all the senses in a fun and engaging way, ensuring that all children learn regardless of learning style or background.

answer

multisensory

question

What are some examples of multisensory activities in HWT?

answer

Music and Music Wet-dry-try Door Tracing Imaginary Writing Letter Sizes and Places Voices Mystery Letters Letter Stories

question

In HWT, Students check their letters

answer

for correct start, steps, and bumping the lines

question

In HWT, Words are checked

answer

for correct size, placement, and closeness

question

In HWT, Sentences are checked

answer

for correct capitalization, word spacing, and punctuation.

question

HWT teaches developmentally, through

answer

social skills (play, eye contact) by passing, sharing, and parallel play following directions and imitating the teacher waiting and taking turns learning the foundational skills of being social listening and following directions for simple task imitating teacher's body movements

question

HWT provides active engagement by

answer

singing movement dance play bright and colorful materials engaging materials

question

Who developed Handwriting without Tears?

answer

OTs

question

What are the developmental stages of writing?

answer

(vertical line) (horizontal line) (circle) (cross) (square) (triangle)

question

Writing at two includes:

answer

scribble marks vertical line horizontal line writing hand: all fingers with crayon in palm; arm in the air helpful hand: no purposeful use

question

Writing at three includes:

answer

circle cross writing hand: all fingers with crayon in palm of hand; arm is on the table helpful hand: starts to be used

question

By this age, a child usually shows dominance functionally. (ie right-handed or left-handed)

answer

3 years old

question

Writing at four includes:

answer

square triangle writing hand: mature grasp begins to emerge (thumb with one or two fingers); elbow is up (this is known as "arm writing". helpful hand: starts to hold the paper on purpose

question

Writing at five includes

answer

diamonds <3 Writing hand: has mature grasp; hand rest on table helpful hand: is purposefully holding down paper

question

When does "handwriting" usually begin?

answer

age 5

question

What does the use of tongs help?

answer

pincer grasp

question

What does the use of clothespins help?

answer

pincer grasp

question

What does stringing beads help?

answer

fine motor skills pincer grasp

question

What is an example of "finger play"?

answer

ten little Indians

question

What effect does weight bearing activities have on handwriting?

answer

it helps develop the arches in the hands

question

This promotes movement and learning. It is a fun way for young children to warm up and learn positional concepts as well as body parts as they follow the rhythm and imitate the teachers motions.

answer

The Tap Tap Tap song

question

What are the four strokes used in HWT?

answer

Big line, Little line, Big curve, Little curve

question

When children build Mat Man together, they learn

answer

body awareness, cooperation, organization, and sequencing as they build Mat Man.

question

Mat Man teaches

answer

body awareness directions and following simple tasks to imitate the therapist sequencing taking turns and socialization sensory motor vocabulary

question

What is sensory motor?

answer

move an object in one hand to position it for use, placement, or release

question

What tune is the Mat Man song to?

answer

The Bear Went over the Mountain

question

What is the order of Mat Man?

answer

head eyes - nose- mouth ears body arms- hands legs- feet

question

Which letters are taught first in HWT?

answer

printed capitals

question

Why do capitals come first in HWT?

answer

they are easiest they teach correct formation and orientation they help eliminate reversals they make it easier to transition to lower class letters

question

The height of the capital letters in HWT are?

answer

the same

question

Where to you start printing letters in HWT?

answer

at the top

question

What are the HWT foundations for handwriting?

answer

top to bottom, and left to right

question

What is the developmental teaching order of letters in HWT?

answer

vertical/horizontal strokes, shapes, and letters magic C strokes, shapes, and letters letters with Big & Little Curves diagonal and triangle stokes, shapes, and letters

question

The HWT vertical/horizontal strokes, shapes, and letters are:

answer

vertical/horizontal E, F, H, I, L, T, U (cross, square, rectangle)

question

The HWT magic C strokes, shapes, and letters are:

answer

C, G, J, O, Q, S (circle)

question

The HWT letters with big & little curves are:

answer

B, D, P

question

The HWT diagonal and triangle strokes, shapes, and letters are:

answer

A, K, M, N, R, V, W, X, Y, Z (triangle, diamond)

question

What order does HWT teach capitals in?

answer

Frog Jump capitals Starting Corner capitals Center Starting capitals

question

What are the HWT Frog Jump capitals?

answer

F E D P B R N M

question

What are the HWT Starting Corner capitals?

answer

H K L U V W X Y Z

question

What are the HWT Center Starting capitals?

answer

C O Q G S A I T J

question

What is the HWT lower case teaching order?

answer

c o s v w t a d g u i e l k y j p r n m h b f q x z

question

Why are c o s v w taught first in HWT?

answer

because they are exactly the same as their capital counterparts

question

How does wet-dry-try work?

answer

demonstrate first with chalk child traces with wet sponge child traces with finger child dries it off with a bit of tissue child draws with chalk

question

Roll a dough helps develop ______ skills as letters are learned.

answer

fine motor

question

As the dough is manipulated,

answer

hands are strengthened.

question

Age of cylindrical grasp

answer

1 to 1.5 years

question

Age of digital grasp

answer

2 to 3 years

question

Age of modified tripod grasp

answer

3.5 to 4 years

question

Age of tripod grasp

answer

4.5 to 7 years

question

Positioning for desk activity should follow this rule.

answer

90-90-90 (ankles/knees/hips)

question

What are some exercises that provide kinesthetic input to large and small muscle groups?

answer

jumping jacks, dancing finger songs, donkey kicks, animal walks

question

What is the quality of shoulder movements we use during writing?

answer

slow and well controlled

question

If a child has poor shoulder stability, what does it mean?

answer

It means the joint is loose, and the child cannot hold the joint stable, thus writing will be difficult

question

What are some ways to develop shoulder, wrist, and elbow stability?

answer

*general upper body strengthening exercises (wheelbarrow walking, animal walks, and modified push ups) *practice fine motor activities at a vertical surface *encourage floor time where the child is laying prone on the floor

question

What does fine motor coordination involve?

answer

the ability to control the small muscles of the hands and fingers to perform precise manipulative movements.

question

The prerequisites for fine motor control are:

answer

balance in sitting posture --> trunk, head, and shoulder stability --> proximal (shoulder) stability --> ulnar stability with radial mobility --> supination/pronation, wrist extension, separation of sides of hand, and palmar arching --> thumb mobility and open web spaces --> finger isolation

question

What should children possess before being expected to hold a pencil/crayon correctly and write?

answer

strength and dexterity in the hands

question

What is hand dominance?

answer

an attribute in humans defined by the unequal distribution of fine motor skills between the left and right hands.

question

What are the components of hand dominance?

answer

musculoskeletal and neurological

question

What is the role of the dominant hand?

answer

perform fine motor tasks through skill and precision

question

What is the role of the non-dominant hand?

answer

it acts as an assist

question

What is the skill of handwriting dependent on?

answer

the maturation of sensory-motor abilities along with proper instruction

question

Classroom strategies for hand dominance...

answer

*start an activity at midline, and note which hand the child reaches with *observe feeding and hair brushing *encourage starting and ending an activity with the same hand *evaluate which hand is more skilled in activities

question

When handwriting issues arise, what is generally the first component targeted?

answer

the client's ability to properly grasp and manipulate the writing implement

question

What are the components of a dysfunctional grasping pattern?

answer

sensory reception and feedback motor planning behavioral and cognitive abilities instruction provided by the teacher

question

Often, improper pencil grasp is

answer

a compensatory strategy that occurs when a child is given a writing tool that their hand muscles are not ready for

question

What does an inefficient and/or immature pencil grasp lead to

answer

poorly formed letters difficulty with gradation of pressure slow handwriting

question

An efficient and mature pencil grasp allows

answer

legible writing adequate speed without discomfort

question

examples of inefficient grasping patterns are

answer

fisted grasp thumb tuck grasp five finger grasp

question

By what age should a child have developed the necessary fine motor skills to be able to assume and maintain a mature pencil grasp? (from handwriting handout)

answer

6 years old

question

what is the mature pencil grasp called?

answer

dynamic tripod grasp

question

describe the dynamic tripod grasp.

answer

pencil is held between the thumb and the index finger, with the pencil resting on the middle finger. The thumb and index finger form a circle.

question

Steps to holding a crayon or pencil.

answer

*make the OK sign with index finger and thumb *hold the other three fingers in the air *drop the three fingers *open the index finger and thumb *pinch the pencil between the finger and thumb *rest the pencil on the index finger

question

What is a strategy for a child using decreased pressure?

answer

use a marker or pen have the child color in various shades of gray weighted pencils/pens carbon paper can be a challenge for children

question

What is a strategy for a child using increased pressure?

answer

mechanical pencils because the tips break under pressure carbon paper as a challenge NOT to make a copy color in various shades of gray cardboard underneath paper as a tactile clue

question

What is a strategy for a child who erases too hard?

answer

use an artist's eraser, which are softer

question

How does HWT teach using lines? Where do the letters go?

answer

Small letters fit in the middle space, tall letters go in the top space, descending letters go in the bottom space.

question

What kinds of lines does HWT use?

answer

double lines

question

Are chunky crayons/pencils always appropriate for kids with poor grasp?

answer

no

question

Why would a chunky crayon/pencil present a problem for a child with a poor grasp?

answer

they can be difficult to manage for a child with muscle weakness and poor stability

question

Children should use a crayon/pencil that is proportional to

answer

their hand size, muscle strength, and stability level

question

If a child cannot manage a primary pencil, try

answer

using stubs instead

question

This adaptive equipment may discourage ineffective grasping patterns, and reduce/eliminate fatigue when writing.

answer

a pencil grip

question

What factors affect handwriting skills?

answer

social factors cognition visual perceptual skills sensory integration (tactile hyper/hypo-sensitivity, dyspraxia) somatosensory functions (tactile discrimination) visual skills motor and physical factors (hand integrity, ROM, strength, tone) cultural factors environmental factors (desk height, proper seating, relation to board/instructor)

question

What is dyspraxia?

answer

poor motor planning

question

What are some ways children form letters incorrectly

answer

bottom to top reversals omit parts of letters use too make strokes leave parts of letters disconnected

question

paper with dotted lines may be a problem for

answer

younger children

question

What is an example of near-point?

answer

a text book

question

What is an example of far-point?

answer

a blackboard

question

What is visual perception?

answer

How the brain makes sense of visual information

question

If this reflex persists beyond normal developmental periods, it can compromise eye-hand coordination and midline orientation, transferring objects, and bringing toys or hands to the mouth.

answer

Asymmetrical Tone Neck Reflex

question

Lack of integration or onset of this reflex interferes with turning on the side, rolling over and crawling in older children.

answer

TLR

question

Persistence of this reflex interferes with the ability to release objects.

answer

grasp reflex

question

If this persists it interferes with exploration of objects and head control.

answer

rooting reflex

question

Lack of integration or onset of this reflex results in interference with reciprocal crawling and walking.

answer

STNR

question

Lack of integration or onset of this reflex interferes with putting on shoes because of toe clawing, gait, and standing and walking problems.

answer

plantar grasp

question

Lack of integration or onset of this reflex interferes with head control, sitting equilibrium and protective reactions.

answer

moro's

question

Lack of integration or onset of this reflex interferes with development of coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing.

answer

sucking and swallowing

question

Postural responses to changes of head and body positions. These bring the head and trunk back into an upright position.

answer

righting reactions

question

Automatic, compensatory movements of the body parts that are used to maintain the center of gravity over the base of support when either the center of gravity or the supporting surface is displaced.

answer

equilibrium reactions

question

Postural reactions that are used to stop a fall or to prevent injury when equilibrium reactions fail to do so.

answer

protective extension responses

question

Behaviors such as stroking, kissing, cuddling, and prolonged gazing.

answer

bonding

question

Infant develops the ability to organize and coordinate sensations with physical movements.

answer

sensorimotor stage

question

Ages 2-7 years when the beginning of symbolic thought and strong egocentrism and the emergence of animism emerges.

answer

preoperational stage

question

Hallmark of adolescence. Ability to think about possibilities as well as realities. Hypothetical deductive reasoning.

answer

informal operations stage

question

Beginning of the ability to think abstractly or to mentally manipulate actions. Age 7-11 years old.

answer

concrete operations

question

What age does a mature running pattern develop?

answer

5-6 years

question

The stages of psychosocial and emotional development including Trust versus Mistrust, Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt, Initiative and Imagination versus Guilt and Industry versus Inferiority is authored by:

answer

Erickson

question

The Psychosocial-Emotional Development theory characterized by the following stages was authored by: 1. Self-Regulation 2. Falling in Love 3. Purposeful Communication 4. Emergence of Organized Sense of Self 5. Creating Emotional Ideas 6. Emotional Thinking 7. The World is My Oyster 8. The World is Other Kids Oyster

answer

Greenspan

question

At this age, children can climb stairs without holding on to a support.

answer

2 years

question

At this age the child can walk up and down the stairs independently and with alternating feet.

answer

3 1/2 years

question

Mature, dynamic tripod grasp develops by what age? (quiz)

answer

5 years

question

How many words should be in a child's vocabulary around age 3?

answer

1500 words

question

service competency

answer

is the determination, made by various methods, that two people performing the same or equivalent procedures will obtain the same or equivalent results.

question

examples of how to prove service competency are:

answer

videotaping, co-treatment, observation

question

Direct, daily contact between the OTA and the occupational therapist at the work site.

answer

close supervision

question

Direct contact between the OTA and the occupational therapist at the work site at least every two weeks and interim contact through other means.

answer

routine supervision

question

Direct contact of 1 day per month and interim supervision as needed.

answer

general supervision

question

Provided on an as needed basis.

answer

minimum supervision

question

the principles of the AOTA Code of Ethics are:

answer

Beneficence Non-maleficence Autonomy and confidentiality Social justice Procedural justice Veracity Fidelity

question

What is the importance of Public Law 99-457 on the role of families and professionals?

answer

Public Law 99-457 increased the focus on the importance of families in all human service organizations. It passed in 1986 and was considered revolutionary because of its emphasis on the central role of the family in interventions with young children. See page 14 for more details.

question

Who is in charge of the OT process?

answer

the OT

question

A physician who specializes in nervous system diseases.

answer

neurologist

question

A physician who specializes in the treatment of eye disorders.

answer

ophthalmologist

question

A physician who specializes in physical medicine.

answer

physiatrist

question

A physician who is trained and certified to treat pulmonary disease.

answer

pulmonologist

question

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

answer

NICU

question

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

answer

PICU

question

Monitors Respiration

answer

apnea monitor

question

Light ray frequencies used to treat illness

answer

ultraviolet light

question

List 4 activities that you have participated in lab that can be used to address a short term goal of crossing midline.

answer

Cross crawl, jumping jacks, sitskate, shaving cream

question

What are the three areas you need to look at when documenting coloring?

answer

movement prehension output

question

What are the three output measures for coloring?

answer

how much of the white space is covered? did the coloring go outside the lines? how were the attention to details of the picture and the use of color?

question

Please list the seven scissor skills

answer

snipping cutting a line cutting a simple shape (1/4" and 1/8" lines) cutting combined simple shapes (1/8" line) cutting circles and complex shapes (1/4" line) cutting circles and complex shapes (1/8" line) cutting combined circles and complex shapes (1/8" line)

question

When should most reflexes disappear?

answer

4 to 6 months

question

List four examples of visual supports that you can use to increase the independence of a child working toward ADL independence?

answer

schedules choice boards video modeling labels photographs

question

What is the importance of play in the development of skills in children?

answer

Play is the arena for development of sensory integration, physical abilities, cognitive and language skills and interpersonal relationships. It is the area that children practice roles and develop interests.

question

List examples of non playful behaviors.

answer

less flexible difficulty with transitions and changes withdrawn physically and emotionally does not have control over situations prefers the company of adults or younger children

question

List three constraints to play.

answer

neglect space prolonged hospitalizations cultural context video games and television toys

question

age: allows teeth to be brushed

answer

1.5 years

question

age: attempts to brush teeth in imitation of adults

answer

2 years

question

age: brushes teeth with supervision

answer

4 years

question

age: brushes and rinses teeth

answer

6 years

question

age: purposefully removes shoes, finds armholes in over the head shirt

answer

2 years

question

age: zips coat inserting zipper, puts on pull down pants or shorts, puts on shoes with assistance.

answer

4 years

question

age: puts on pullover shirt correctly each time, ties and unties knots

answer

5 years

question

age: ties bow knot, ties hood strings, selects clothing that is appropriate for weather

answer

6 years

question

Which statement describes the vision of newborns?

answer

newborns can see objects from about 8 inches away

question

Glen is a 5 year old boy who is unable to pick up cereal Glen is a 5 year old boy who is unable to pick up cereal and small toys. The Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) engages Glen in a game to pull objects out of Play-Doh and poke his finger in the Play-Doh to make holes. On what skills do these activities work?

answer

strength and endurance

question

What factors influence a child's participation in home management activities?

answer

age, social environment, culture

question

Which action develops first with regard to bilateral motor control?

answer

control of the trunk muscles

question

At what age would one expect a dynamic tripod grasp for handwriting to be present?

answer

6 to 7 according to the quiz

question

Which behavior is not observed in typically developing 4 month old infants?

answer

exhibiting the rooting reflex

question

Which statement describes the principles of sensory integration intervention?

answer

Organization of multiple sources of sensory input

question

Edgar bills a client for individual therapy. However, Edgar worked with three patients simultaneously. Edgar is violating which principle of ethical behavior?

answer

justice

question

Which fact is not true concerning American teenagers? a. 18% of adolescents are overweight b. Depression is a significant health concern c. 75% of teens report using marijuana d. Alcohol is the most widely used drug by adolescents

answer

c. 75% of teens reported using marijuana

question

What does the age at which children develop independent self-care skills depend on?

answer

family's cultural expectations opportunities for practice child's own motivation

question

Allison a Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) who works in a rehabilitation hospital, interviews a new patient, Jack. During her interview, Allison asks Jack what daily occupations he wants to perform independently. Allison is applying which of the principles of ethical behavior?

answer

autonomy

question

What type of role is the OT practitioner using when developing a schedule for wearing a splint that incorporates the natural family routines

answer

consultative

question

What is the best approach if a family consistently misses therapy appointments?

answer

reestablish therapy goals

question

What age range most closely represents an infant who is able to jump in place, scribbles, snips with scissors, and displays complex rotation of small objects?

answer

24-36 months

question

What term is used to describe activities such as putting puzzles together and stacking blocks?

answer

construction

question

Which statement most closely represents the role of the Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) in sensory integration intervention?

answer

THE COTA may use an SI approach under supervision

question

Which statement best describes a family -centered approach to intervention?

answer

Practitioners develop intervention plans in collaboration with families.

question

These are the three functions of the arm:

answer

positioning the hand supporting the hand providing force

question

What is the recommended physical activity level for children?

answer

60 minutes of vigorous activity

question

For adolescents, which phase of psychosocial development is the most intense period of development, during which peers replace parents as the primary influence and conformity with peer groups is desirable?

answer

Middle adolescence

question

What is the BMI based on?

answer

height weight age gender

question

Which set of terms best describes the readiness skills required for setting the table?

answer

sequencing balancing dexterity strength

question

characteristics of play

answer

spontaneous fun self-expressive intrinsically motivated

question

Terry, the COTA, engages 3 year old Karen in an activity to slowly to slowly follow a black and white toy. What movement does Terry hope to improve through this activity?

answer

pursuit tracking

question

Which method of picking up an object if first developed?

answer

scooping using the whole hand

question

What is Sensory Integration?

answer

The process of receiving, detecting and making sense of input from the environment

question

Which is not a factor associated with obesity in children?

answer

Children are unmotivated to change

question

When the eyes move rapidly and accurately from item to item such as letter to letter or word to word in reading this is an example of?

answer

Saccadic eye movements

question

What term is used to describe activities that involve adjusting a toy or object in the hand, rotating and object, and picking up multiple objects?

answer

in-hand manipulation

question

A therapist planned a Christmas activity but later found out that her clients were of the Jewish faith and did not celebrate Christmas. This shows the importance of examining which aspect of environment when planning activities?

answer

cultural

question

Gerry is a 14 year old boy who regularly breaks rules and has pierced his nose, but he holds a steady job after school. Which statement reflects this behavior?

answer

typical, contradictory behavior

question

Which statement reflects the trend in physical activity as children get older?

answer

Participation in activity declines across childhood and into adolescence

question

Copying forms of vertical line, horizontal line and circle are an example of this skill

answer

visual motor integration

question

According to the Occupational Therapy (OT) Practice Framework, which term reflects cognitive, physical, and psychosocial aspects of occupations?

answer

client factors

question

Henry, a 9 year old boy, complains of how his new school clothes feel, hates noises in the car and is easily irritated at school by all the movement of his classmates. Henry becomes car sick easily. He is a very picky eater, stating that he does not like the smell and taste of many foods. Which type of deficit do these findings represent?

answer

sensory modulation disorder

question

most appropriate intervention to address the client factor: Strength

answer

Ball games, manipulative games, swimming, sports

question

most appropriate intervention to address the client factor: Postural control

answer

Therapy ball, balance beam ,wheel barrow walking, and sit skates

question

most appropriate intervention to address the client factor: Oral motor

answer

Musical instruments, whistles, bubble blowers, and pinwheels

question

most appropriate intervention to address the client factor: Fine Motor Skills

answer

Tweezer activities, putty, card games

question

Which scale provides a measurement of the child's approach or attitude to toward play?

answer

Test of Playfulness

question

Achondroplasia is

answer

dwarfism, a pathologic condition of arrested or stunted growth that occurs during fetal development.

question

Arthrogryposis is

answer

attributed to reduced amniotic fluid during gestation or central nervous system malformation. Joints of the extremities are stiff but the spine is not affected.

question

Osteogenesis imperfecta is

answer

congenital condition in which the bones fail to develop and are brittle.

question

Prader Willi Syndrome is

answer

Obsessed with food, possbily causing obesity, hyoptonia and poor reflexes

question

What type of social play is demonstrated when a child plays next to another child in the sandbox without interacting?

answer

parallel

question

Which statement(s) best reflects the cognitive development of adolescents?

answer

Thinking becomes abstract, creative and complex Adolescents learn the consequences of their actions

question

Sensorimotor stage

answer

Infant develops the ability to organize and coordinate sensations with physical movements.

question

Preoperational stage

answer

Ages 2-7 years when the beginning of symbolic thought and strong egocentrism and the emergence of animism emerges

question

formal operations stage

answer

Hallmark of adolescence. Ability to think about possibilities as well as realities. Hypothetical deductive reasoning.

question

Concrete Operations

answer

Beginning of the ability to think abstractly or to mentally manipulate actions. Age 7-11 years old.

question

What is thought to be the cause of SI dysfunction?

answer

Central Nervous System Processing Dysfunction

question

Mature, dynamic tripod grasp develops by what age?

answer

5 years

question

The Psychosocial-Emotional Development theory characterized by the following stages was authored by:

answer

Greenspan

question

toys and activities most appropriate for intervention to address the client factor: Memory and sequencing

answer

Clue, Candy Land, Monopoly, Memory

question

toys and activities most appropriate for intervention to address the client factor: Spatial Operations

answer

Puzzles, models, legos and lincoln logs

question

toys and activities most appropriate for intervention to address the client factor: Categorization

answer

Card games such as uno, hearts and go fish

question

toys and activities most appropriate for intervention to address the client factor: Self-expression

answer

Arts and crafts, pottery, clay and dance

question

The COTA working with 6 year old Dylan plays a game of crumpling sheets of paper into balls and throwing them. What is the purpose of this activity?

answer

hand strengthening

question

Stacey has increased muscle tone affecting only the lower half of her body. What type of cerebral palsy describes this pattern?

answer

diplegia

question

What word best defines a child with cerebral palsy whose muscles appear very weak and soft and who have trouble sitting up independently?

answer

Hypotonia

question

Stan has a type of cerebral palsy in which balance and fine motor functions such as coordination are impaired. What type of cerebral palsy is this?

answer

ataxia

question

What is the term for the degree of contractility and elasticity in muscle tissue?

answer

muscle tone

question

What is one of the problems seen most frequently in children with cerebral palsy?

answer

absent/impaired righting and equilibrium responses

question

What is the best way to describe muscle tone that is associated with atypical postural alignment and limited joint range of motion?

answer

hypertonic

question

Frank is unable to extend his hand quickly enough to prevent him form falling. With what reaction is he having difficulty?

answer

protective

question

Charlie is a 10 month old with cerebral palsy who has difficulty sitting. With what is he having difficulty?

answer

sitting balance

question

George is unable to sit in a regular chair because when he writes, he falls off the edge as soon as his hand moves past midline. With what is he having difficulty?

answer

righting

question

What type of intervention is based on the theory of learned nonuse and requires children try to use the affected hand?

answer

Constraint-induced movement therapy

question

Duchene's Muscular Dystrophy

answer

the muscle mass breaks down and is replaced by fat and scar tissue

question

Duchene's Muscular Dystrophy

answer

Only seen in boys, diagnosis is made by age 4-5

question

Spina Bifida

answer

80% of the children with diagnosis have hydrocephalus caused by excessive cerebral spinal fluid

question

Spina Bifida

answer

Children with this diagnosis may have a shunt to allow extra fluid to drain from the brain

question

Occulta

answer

Bony defect in the vertebral column

question

Meningocele

answer

bony defect in which meninges fill with spinal fluid and protrude through an opening in the vertebral column

question

Myelomeningocele

answer

bony defect in which meninges fill with spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves protrude through an opening in the vertebral column

question

Spina Bifida

answer

the most common type of congenital spinal abnormality in which one or more of the vertebrae are not formed properly.

question

Cerebral palsy is a progressive neurological condition.

answer

FALSE

question

A diagnosis of cerebral palsy can occur until age 3.

answer

TRUE

question

Emotions, mental states such as levels of alertness, fatigue and excitement can impact muscle tone.

answer

true

question

difficulty with balance, coordination and maintenance of stable alignment of the head, trunk, shoulders, and pelvis. Demonstrate poorly developed equilibrium responses and lack proximal stability in the trunk to assist with the control of hand and leg movements.

answer

ataxia

question

fluctuation in muscle tone from low to normal with little or no spasticity and poor co-activation of muscle flexors and extensors.

answer

athetosis

question

Abnormal movements-most obvious when a child initiates a movement in one extremity that leads to atypical and unintentional movement of other muscle groups of the body. Slow writhing, involuntary motor movements in combination with abrupt, irregular, and jerky movements.

answer

Dyskinesias

question

involvement of one upper and lower extremity on one side of the body.

answer

monoplegia

question

provides information on how the child is functioning in school. This assessment has three parts: Participation, Task Supports and Activity Performance.

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school function assessment

question

This assessment addresses handwriting legibility, speed and other related items. It is used for grades 1st through 6th.

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ETCH

question

This assessment looks at 5 areas of school related function including fine motor, gross motor, visual perceptual, visual motor and self-help skills.

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EASY

question

Standardized assessment of cursive and manuscript writing skills.

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test of handwriting skills

question

The OT practitioner works with the student so that he or she can acquire a skill.

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direct service

question

The OT practitioner contacts the teacher and other staff members frequently to ensure the OT program is going well and make updates as needed.

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monitoring service

question

The occupational therapist's expertise is used to help other personnel achieve the child's objectives.

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consultation service

question

allows a student who has special needs to be educated in a regular classroom whenever possible.

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LRE (least restrictive environment)

question

Which category do these letters if written in cursive fall into in the Loops and Other Groups curriculum? a, d, and c

answer

clock climbers

question

Which category do these letters if written in cursive fall into in the Loops and Other Groups curriculum? m, n, x

answer

hills and valleys

question

Which category do these letters if written in cursive fall into in the Loops and Other Groups curriculum? b, l, and e

answer

loops

question

Which category do these letters if written in cursive fall into in the Loops and Other Groups curriculum? i and p

answer

kite strings

question

At what age should a typically developing child be able to write a Circle and Cross?

answer

3 years

question

Name two Capital Letters a child should be able to write First?

answer

T and L

question

Name two letters that Magic C turns into.

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a & d

question

In the Handwriting Without Tears curriculum, where do you start your letters?

answer

at the top

question

sensorimotor stage

answer

Infant develops the ability to organize and coordinate sensations with physical movements.

question

Which symptoms represent positive symptoms of schizophrenia in children or adolescents?

answer

hallucinations and delusions

question

Techniques used to promote swallowing in children?

answer

chin tuck vibration and quick stroking calm environment

question

What term is used to describe a parent calming his or her child or two siblings working to clean their room?

answer

co-occupation

question

What is the practitioner doing by moving objects higher so that the child has to reach above his head to get them?

answer

grading

question

Which is true concerning assistive technology?

answer

it helps the person be more functional

question

What can an OTP do to encourage sleep and rest patterns in children?

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sensory diet

question

Why is it important for a COTA to understand the problems commonly associated with a specific diagnosis?

answer

To know what to expect when seeing the child for the first time. To prepare for the initial evaluation To be a more valuable member of the treatment team.

question

The child observes all the letters pass by on the computer screen and presses a button when the letter he wants passes by. What type of selection is this?

answer

direct selection

question

The occupational therapy practitioner decides to help Molly feed herself by working on strengthening Molly's upper extremity functioning. What type of approach is this?

answer

remediation

question

What should the Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) consider when selecting assistive devices?

answer

match the switch to the user's needs

question

What is it called when children and adolescents with alcohol dependence disorders need to increase the amount drunk over a period to attain the desired effect?

answer

tolerance

question

What is the condition called in which the covering of the spinal cord and spinal cord push out through an abnormal opening?

answer

Myelomeningocele

question

The level of disability is greatest in which condition of spina bifida?

answer

Myelomeningocele

question

What technique is the OT using by providing the child with a shower chair, nonslip map, and safety bars when showering?

answer

compensatory

question

What techniques are used when the caregiver takes the child's clothes off, washes the child in a tub, and dries the child off, but the child dresses self and empties the tub water?

answer

backward chaining

question

Which term reflects a learning disability in writing?

answer

dysgraphia

question

Which statement most closely reflects the OT intervention for a child who has a traumatic brain injury?

answer

Intervention targets motor, cognitive, and emotional changes

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