Patho Ch 32 – Flashcards
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Which statement is TRUE regarding breast cancer?
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African-American women have the highest mortality rate
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Which statement is true regarding gynecomastia in men?
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Incidence is greatest among adolescents and older men
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A male patient presents with inflammation of the glans penis. Which term correctly describes this condition?
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Balanitis
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A patient presents with an inflammation of one of the ducts that leads from the introitus. What is the appropriate term for this condition?
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Bartholinitis
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Which are frequent sites for distant metastasis for prostate cancer?
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Lymph nodes. Liver. Bones. Lungs.
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A patient is diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Which conditions will confirms such a diagnosis?
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Hirsutism. Amenorrhea. Obesity. Infertility.
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Which statement should be included in information regarding uterine fibroids (leiomyomas)?
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Decreases with menopause. Develops from smooth muscle. Generally asymptomatic.
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Which of the following is the most common cause of galactorrhea in women?
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Pregnancy
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Which is the most important difference between proliferative and non-proliferative breast tissue changes?
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Non-proliferative breast lesions do not increase the risk of breast cancer
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A sexually active male reports unilateral pain in his scrotum. Assessment findings include a red and swollen, tender area on his scrotum. Which diagnosis is supported by this data?
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Epididymitis
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Papilloma is correctly defined as:
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Multiple fingerlike projections
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The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in girls?
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Thelarche
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A patient has been diagnosed with a moderately large cystocele. What information would the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?
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Lying in a prone position may help relieve some of the symptoms
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A young adult reports an abnormal curvature of his penis that existed since puberty but is getting worse and that intercourse is painful. The client's statement supports which diagnosis
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Peyronie disease
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Which term is appropriate when describing painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles?
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Primary dysmenorrhea
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Which condition must be ruled out initially when attempting to identify the cause of secondary amenorrhea?
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Unknown pregnancy
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When ruling out endometrial cancer, the client should be informed that:
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She will be scheduled for a biopsy of the endometrial tissue
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Which occurrences are believed to reduce the risk for developing ovarian cancer?
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Pregnancy. Breastfeeding. Combined hormonal contraception.
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A 24-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain and fever that is believed to be a result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) stemming from a chlamydia trachomatis infection. The pain worsens when walking, jumping, and intercourse. Which question will most likely identify the cause of her symptoms?
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"Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?"
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Which of the following is considered a risk factor for vaginal canceR?
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Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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A young adult male is diagnosed with orchitis after reporting pain in his testes. Which assessment question demonstrates an understanding of the etiology of this condition?
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"Have you ever had the mumps?"
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Which female is at greatest risk for developing a benign ovarian cyst?
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A 48-year-old diagnosed as premenopausal
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Which reason is the primary contributor to the continued spread of sexually transmitted diseases?
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People unaware they are infected
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Which statement regarding benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is TRUE?
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It may be problematic if urethral compression occurs
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Which are possible causes of prostate cancer?
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Elevated androgen levels. Reduced levels of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Chronic prostatic inflammation. Genetic predisposition.
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Which of the following genes have been linked with the development of breast cancer?
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BRCA1. BRCA2. p53. Her-2/neu.
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A male patient, diagnosed with a scrotal disorder, describes the resulting feeling like a "bag of worms in there." Which condition is supported by the client's statement?
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Varicocele
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What pathology is the Pap test designed to evaluate?
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Cervical cancer
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In the female reproductive system, which term is used to identify the "thin perforate membrane that covers the vaginal introitus"?
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Hymen
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In the male, which structure is comma shaped and curves over the posterior portion of each of the testes?
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Epididymis
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Which term appropriately defines "breast development"?
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Thelarche
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Ovulation marks the beginning of which phase of menstruation?
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Luteal/secretory
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What is the appropriate term for "sexual maturation"?
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Puberty
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What factor has been identified as one that affects the process of female menopause? Select all that apply.
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Family history. History of tobacco smoking.
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Which factor helps to maintain the self-cleansing action of the vagina? Select all that apply.
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Acid-base balance of the vagina. Thickness of the vaginal epithelium.
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A patient is diagnosed with early puberty. Which condition has been linked with this condition?
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Intense history of exercise
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Which hormone stimulates the ovary to release the ova and secrete progesterone?
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LH
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A patient has been diagnosed with cervical dysplasia. Which anatomical location is a common site for this type of cancer?
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Squamous-columnar junction
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Which statement regarding the development of the reproductive structures is TRUE? Select all that apply.
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Anterior pituitary development starts between weeks 4 and 5 of fetal life. The vascular connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary is established by week 12.
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Which structure secretes a thin, milky substance with an alkaline pH that helps sperm survive the alkaline environment?
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Prostate gland
