Paper 2 – Protests in the 1800s
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LUDDITES
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LUDDITES
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LUDDITES Were the luddites violent?
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Only towards machines
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LUDDITES Why did the luddites protest?
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End of 18 yr war with France = trade fallen = wages cut Poor harvests New machines took jobs
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LUDDITES Where were there food riots about poor harvests?
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Carlisle
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LUDDITES When and where was the first stocking frame?
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1812 Nottingham
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LUDDITES How did they protest?
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Smashed frames and left threatening letters to 'General Ludd'
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LUDDITES Interpretation of General Ludd?
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Robin Hood - lived in forest and giving to poor
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LUDDITES Where were the attacks?
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Lancashire, Yorkshire, Nottingham
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LUDDITES What happened in April 1812?
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150 Luddites attacked rawfolds mill owned by Edward Cartwright Were expected and 2 attackers killed whilst fleeing
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LUDDITES What did people in Leeds do?
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Hand out leaflets asking people to sign up for rebellion
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LUDDITES What did the authorities do?
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Sent 10,000 soldiers May 1813 Frame breaking = punishable by death
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LUDDITES Punishments?
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17 Luddites executed became heroes
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LUDDITES Who was assassinated in 1812?
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PM Spencer Percival
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LUDDITES April 1812 who murdered?
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William Horsfall mill owner
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS Were they violent?
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Not at all
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS Why were they protesting?
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Fight for better farm conditions
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS Was it legal?
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Yes 1824 laws banning unions repealed
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS What happened in 1833 / how did they form?
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Met in secret and swore secret oath Set up Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS Who were they led by?
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Methodist PReacher, George Loveless
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS How did authorities react?
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Arrested them for taking secret oath Law only applied to NAvy
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS How were they punished?
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Loveless and 5 others transported to Austrailia
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS When did widespread campaign bring them back?
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1836
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TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS Who were the GNCTU?
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Grand national Consolidated Trades Union Brought trade unions together Feared by gov Broke up after Tolpuddle Martyrs
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE Were they violent?
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No
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE When did Clementian Black give a speech on female labour and who was there?
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June 1888 Annie Besant
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE When Besant investigated Bryand + May matchmaking factory she found what disease?
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Phossy jaw (bone cancer) from phosphorous CAused yellow skin and hair loss
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE How much did the girls earn?
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less than 5s
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE What were they fined for
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Fined for talking/dropping matches/being late
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE How long did they work?
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Worked from 6.30 am to 6pm
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE How did they protest?
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Besant wrote article in 'The Link' about white slavery Organised marches/strikes Asked for donations to help stikers
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE Why were some workers sacked?
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They refused to sign saying they were happy with conditions
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE What happened in the July 1888?
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Formed 'Union of Women Matchmakers' and had 600 members in ayear
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE After 3 weeks of striking what happened?
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Bryant and May abolished fines, recognised union, reemployed workers
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE When did B+M stop using phosphorous?
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1901
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MATCH GIRLS STRIKE What was good about the Salvation Army Match Factory (set up in 1891)?
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Used harmless red phosphorous Paid twice as much Produced 6 mill boxes a year
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REBECCA RIOTS
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REBECCA RIOTS
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REBECCA RIOTS Were they violent?
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Sort of Destroyed gates and some criminals used it as an excuse
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REBECCA RIOTS Reasons for protest?
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Have to pay tolls Had to pay rents, taxes and tithes (to churches they didn't belong) Feared workhouses Farmers felt magistrates/landowners not on side
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REBECCA RIOTS How did they protest?
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Dressed as Rebecca and her daughters Smashed gates Burned barns and hayricks
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REBECCA RIOTS Where was a workhouse destroyed?
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Carmarthen
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REBECCA RIOTS How did the authorities react?
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Sent 1800 soldiers 70 London Policement £500 reward for informers Used riot act
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REBECCA RIOTS Punishments for protesters?
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Leaders arrested 5 transported to Aus
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REBECCA RIOTS Unusual gov reaction?
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Robert Peel launched enquiry mid 1840s Road Board take over turnpike/tolls
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REBECCA RIOTS When was a female tollgate keeper killed?
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1843
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REBECCA RIOTS When was the first gate destroyed?
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May 1839
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SUFFRAGETTES and SUFFRAGISTS
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SUFFRAGETTES and SUFFRAGISTS
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SUFFRAGETTES Who were the suffragettes?
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WSPU (Women's Social and Political Union) Violent Formed in 1903 Led by Emmeline Pankhurst DEEDS NOT WORDS
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SUFFRAGETTES Who were the suffragists?
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NUWSS (National Union of Women's Suffrage Society) Non Violent Formed in 1897 led by Millicent Fawcett
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SUFFRAGETTES Reasons for protest?
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Wanted the vote (suffrage = right to vote) All men over 18 can vote Women gained respectable jobs/owned businesses Even silliest of men could vote
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SUFFRAGETTES When did parliament first reject a bill for some women to vote?
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1867
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SUFFRAGETTES How did the suffragists protest?
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1300 peaceful meetings between 1877-8 Leaflets distributed
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SUFFRAGETTES How did suffragettes protest?
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Heckle men in go Chain themselves to 10 Downing Street
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SUFFRAGETTES How did they protest in 1913?
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Railway telegraph wires cut in Cardiff Post boxes on fire in Lewisham Acid poured on golf course Emily Davison jumped and died trying to stop King's Horse at the Derby
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SUFFRAGETTES Reaction of the authorities?
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Imprisoned Forcefeeding
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SUFFRAGETTES What was the cat and mouse act?
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Force feeding was cruel Let them strike and starve Release Recapture
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SUFFRAGETTES What were the police accused of?
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Being violent towards them
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SUFFRAGETTES Why did women get the vote?
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Proved they can take mens jobs in WW1
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SUFFRAGETTES When did women over 30 get the vote?
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1918
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SUFFRAGETTES When did women over 21 get the vote?
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1928
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SUFFRAGETTES What did government NOT want to appear?
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weak PM = Herbert Asquith
