p53 Worksheet – Flashcards
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Chromosome 17
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Location of the p53 gene in humans
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Low
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Concentration of p53 on a non-stressed cell (high or low?)
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Exports it to the cytoplasm
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Under normal conditions, how the cell limits the amount of p53
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Inhibit cell growth
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The presence of p53 under normal conditions would...
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Phosphate (attaches to the p53 protein)
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Prevents p53 from leaving a cell
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Loss & deletion --> proliferation of damaged cells
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How is p53 related to tumor development?
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Proline
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Amino acid prevalent in the p53 gene
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Hot spots
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Where mutations occur
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p53 pathway
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the actions necessary to activate p53
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Proto oncogene
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a normal gene that, through mutation, can be converted to a cancer-causing gene
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Oncogene
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a cancer-causing gene; usually contributes to malignancy by abnormally enhancing the amount or activity of a growth factor made by the cell
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Tumor suppressor gene
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a gene whose product inhibits cell division, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth. A mutation that deactivates this may lead to cancer
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Hypoxia
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deficient in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
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Ribonucleic depletion
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not enough RNA; loss of RNA
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Telomere erosion
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less telomeres result in part of the genetic code being lost; deterioration of telomeres (the ends of sister chromatids/chromosomes)
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Differentiation
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the specialization in the structure and function of cells that occurs during the development of an organism; results from selective activation and deactivation of the cell's genes
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Senescence
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loss of a cell's power of division and growth; deterioration
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Mutation
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a change in the genetic information of a cell; the ultimate source of genetic diversity. Also can occur in the DNA or RNA of a virus
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Kinase
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an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a specific molecule
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Phosphorylation
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the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on ATP energizing other molecules by this process
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Angiogenesis
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formation of new blood vessels
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Apoptosis
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the timely and tidy suicide of cells; also called programmed cell death
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ATM
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Ataxia Telangiectasis Mutated Gene; inhibits cell growth
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CHK2
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a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and tumor suppressor
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p19ARF
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stabilizes p53; regulates the nucleus to the cytoplasm
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p53 causes cancer (when its tumor-suppressor activity is altered or inhibited)
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Relationship between p53 and cancer
