P.H. reading Quiz 1 – Flashcards
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What is true of determinants of health?
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They reflect underlying forces that are at work in the subsequent development of disease
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Which of the following are true statements about relative risk?
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Relative risk indicates the likelihood of developing the disease if exposed to the risk factor, compared to the likelihood of developing the disease if not exposed
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What is a type of data is illustrated by the following example? ----------Death certificates are used as the basis for measuring the number of deaths and the probability of death among infants
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Statistics - vital statistics and reportable diseases
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What type of data is illustrated by the following example?------------A sample of adolescents are questioned about their cigarette smoking behavior
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Survey data
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What type of clinical decision making is represented by the following situation?---------------------A clinician explains the nature of the patient's illness, outlines the potential treatments, and explains the positive and negative feature of each potential treatment but does not make a recommendation.
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Shared decision making
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What classification of determinant is represented: Proper use of condoms during sexual intercourse has been demonstrated to decrease the risk of HIV transmission.
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behavior
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What classification of determinant is represented: The risk of HIV transmission is increased in central cities where the chance that an individual is HIV positive is higher than in suburban and rural areas.
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Geography
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What classification of determinant is represented: A small proportion of individuals do not develop active HIV infection despite repeated unprotected sexual exposure.
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Genetics
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What is true of public health?
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- Vulnerable populations are the focus of public health - The mutual concerns of the entire population are the focus of public health
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An association between populations that eat more fish and a lower mortality rate from coronary heart disease in the same population would establish what?
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A group association that may be helpful in generating a hypothesis about the relationship between fish consumption and coronary heart disease
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What needs to be considered when making a public health or clinical decision using a decision analysis approach?
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- The probability of the potential positive outcomes or benefits and the probability of the negative outcomes or harms - The value or utility placed on each of the outcomes - The timing of each of the outcomes
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What is the primary role that a case-control study plays in establishing contributory cause?
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Individual association
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What is the primary role that a cohort study plays in establishing contributory cause?
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"Cause" precedes the "effect"
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What is the primary role that an ecological study plays in establishing contributory cause?
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Group association
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What is the primary role that a natural experiment plays in establishing contributory cause?
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Altering the "cause" alters the "effect"
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The following is true of primary prevention:
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a. It may be accomplished by preventing exposure through creation of barriers. b. It may be accomplished by increasing resistance to the condition. c. It may be accomplished by removing the presence of the cause.
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What is NOT true of the history of public health?
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Public health has existed as a defined field for over 300 years
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In an effort to reduce high blood pressure, a new intervention reduces high blood pressure by adding a new salt substitute to a range of foods. This is an example of what type of public health strategies?
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- A population strategy - An approach aimed at improving the average
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Choose the type of intervention that best matches the following situation:----------------Vaccination for meningococcal meningitis is required of all entering students.
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Primary Intervention - Obligation
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Choose the type of intervention that best matches the following situation:---------------A physician recommends that her diabetic patient eats a healthy "diabetic diet" and takes prescribed insulin regularly to prevent complications
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Tertiary Intervention - Education
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Choose the type of intervention that best matches the following situation:--------An asymptomatic patient over 50 years old is offered a test to detect colon cancer. If he completes the test, the cost of his health insurance will be reduced.
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Secondary Intervention - Motivation
