Osteology: The Study of Bones – Flashcards
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Axial skeleton
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include the skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum and coccyx
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Appendicular skeleton
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all bones of the body except the skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum and coccyx
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Long bones
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ex: femur, tibia, metatarsals
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Short bones
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ex: carpals, tarsals
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Flat bones
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ribs, some bones of the skull, sternum
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Irregular bones
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vertebrae, os coxae
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Sesamoid bones
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patella
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Articular cartilage
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thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering each epiphysis; helps to reduce friction between two articulating bones
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Compact bone
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the solid outer layer of bone
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Diaphysis
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shaft
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Endosteum
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internal surface of the bone
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Epiphyseal line
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region where the epiphysis and the diaphysis fuse after the epiphyseal plate is no longer needed to lengthen the bone
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Epiphysis
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expanded knobby region located at each end of a long bone
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Medullary cavity
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hollow space within the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow
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Periosteum
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covers the outer surface of the bone
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Nutrient foramen
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hole through which the nutrient artery goes through
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Spongy bone
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porous type of connective tissue; contains red blood marrow
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Red marrow
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type of connective tissue; location of blood cell production
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Yellow marrow
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fatty tissue present within the medullary cavity
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Process
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a roughened bony prominence; typically serves as the site of attachment for muscles or connective tissue structures
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Trochanter
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a relatively large, blunt process found only on the femur
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Tuberosity
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a large, blunt or rounded process or roughened surface
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Tubercle
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a small, blunt or rounded process
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Spine
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a pointed projection of bone
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Crest
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a prominent border that may be rough
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Fossa
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a shallow depression
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Foramen
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a hole in a bone; size is variable
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Head
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a rounded articular surface
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Condyle
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a smooth structure, either concave or convex, joined directly to the shaft of a long bone
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Facet
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a smooth surface for articulation
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Fovea
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deep cylindrical depression
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Meatus
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canal
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Sulcus
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groove or depression
