Oncogenic Viral induced Cancers – Flashcards
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Epstein Barr virus human papilloma virus hepatitis Human T cell leukemia virus
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Name the 4 oncogenic viruses
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immortalization evasion
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Oncogenic viruses need two steps for cancer formation. The first step is ______ (ex. HeLax gene for HPV). This step does not cause cancer (immunity) but does allow the cell to continuously replicate. The next step is ______ of the immune system. After this step the tumor can form.
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pRb P53 Bax
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The viral oncogene can acheive immortalization by disrupting ______ "pushing the accelerator" that GOVERNS the cell cycle and forces it to allow replication. As the cell replications there is a high rate of mutations that activate ______ and ______ "the brakes" but this is blocked in cancer cells.
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MHC class 1
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The second step requires the cell to evade the immune ssytem. This is done by loss of ______ expression in immortal cells so it's not recognized by CTL. This forms tumors.
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herpes mononucleosis B epithelial
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EBV is a DNA ______ virus. Most people infected develop immunity (90% of people have this virus). Children infected show mild or no symptoms, In adolescence it can cause ______. EBV infects ______ and ______ cells.
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African Burkitt Lymphoma Nasopharngeal carcinoma
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Name the two cancers EBV is associated with
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B cells fastest malaria
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African burkitts lymphoma is a cancer that initiates in ______ cells, it's the ______ GROWING tumor, and responds well to chemo (50% survival). It is endemic to Africa because of ______ which causes immune suppression (prevalent in children) to allow EBV to become cancerous
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chromosomal balanced translocation
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African BL and sporadic BL are lymphomas of the jaw however sporadic BL is not caused by EBV, it is caused by a ______ ______ of the c-myc gene. Sporadic BL also occurs all around the world.
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nose bleeds cervical lymphadenopathy nasal congestion hearing loss ear infections double vision
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EBV is also associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. List some signs and symtoms
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100 EBER
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______% of Nasopharyngela carcinoma tumors contain EBV DNA. ______ are markers of ENV and are small non-coding RNAs found in the nucleus of infected cells.
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cervical E6 E7
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HPV is present in ______ cancer almost 100% of the time. Cancer transformation is associated with mainly ______ and ______ multifunctional proteins taht increase cell proliferation and survival by interfering with tumor suppressor activity.
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p53
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In cancer transformation of HPV E6 and E7 shut down ______ the immortalizing protein (tumor supressor).
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epithelial 16 18
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HPV is a double stranded DNA virus that affects ______ cells. It is sexually transmitted.Type ______ and ______ are the oncogenic strains of HPV associated with cervical cancer.
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minority guardisil
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Prevalence of HPV and cervical cancer among ______ women in their 40s-50s. ______ vaccine protects against strains 16/18 as well as some genital wart producing strains but Cervarix is has higher antibody titers.
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True
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The vaccine should be used before first sexual contact. There is no therapeutic effect on already present HPV but still recommended to protect against other subtypes.
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oropharyngeal
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In addition to cervical cancer HPV has been associated with ______ cancers (70%). Traditionally this type of cancer was linking to tobacco and alcohol.
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keratinocytes tonsils
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The HPV infection has preference of mucocutaneous ______ in humans and is the most commonly sexually transmitted infection. palatine and lingual ______ are uniquely susceptible to HPV infection because they're immune previlleged sits.
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cervical
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primary tumors of HPV associated OP cancer are often small and hidden in tonsilar crypts. There is lack of symptoms in early stage and most frequent presentation is asymptomatic metastatic ______ swelling.
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HPV16
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The majority of HPV OPC is caused by strain ______ also seen in cerivcal cancer. The presence of this strain n the oral cavity precedes the development of OPC so can help in early diagnoses. Current HPV vaccines could prevent most OPC in US. (CDC study)
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men women
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The risk of oral HPV infection from oral sex is greater in ______ than ______. HPV exposure via vaginal sex elicits an immune response that protects against oral HPV infection and OPC
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hepatocellular Hbx
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HBV and HCV can cause ______ carcinoma. HBV integrates into the genome and protein ______ is known to cause HCC. HCV does NOT integrate but can interact with host protein to cause an inflammatory response to transform cells (possible cancer)
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HBV HCV liver
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______ is more prevalent world wide but ______ is more prevalent int he US. Both cause ______ cirrhosis.
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retrovirus lymphoma CD4+
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Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 is the first ______ to cause cancer in humans. It is similar in structure and design to the HIV virus but causes T-cell ______. It is mainly tropic to ______ T cells.
