Oceanography ch2 – Flashcards
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Who is responsible for the first measurement of the circumference of the earth?
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Eratosthenes of Cyrene
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Prince Henry the navigator's contribution to ocean exploration included?
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establishing a center of the study of marine science and navigation on Portugal
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Who is considered to be the "father of physical oceanography" because of publication of info. from ship's logs in the book, The Physical Geography of the Seas?
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Matthew Maury
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Glomar Challenger is known for:
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taking the first to complete cores of deep-sea sediments
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The earliest type of navigation was carried out by using
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Stars and by the position of the raising and setting sun
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Christopher Columbus believed that he voyaged across the Atlantic and discovered a passage to the east by going west. He believed he made it to asia due to
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-Columbus used Ptolemy's data but the data was error because Ptolemy didn't calculate the earth correctly. The reason why he thought he landed in Asia was because he assumed the earth to be only half its actual size. Also the thought that the absence of wealthy cities and well dressed people meaning that he's going to far north or south of his desired latitude.
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Lines of latitude and longitude were drawn through important places by Eratosthenes. Where was the initial designation of zero latitude and zero longitude.
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Initial designation of Zero longitude - is Greenwich meridian near London Zero latitude - the equator was the natural dividing point for the north and south.
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What contribution did Ptolemy made to science?
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-he made a chart placing east to the right and north at the top. -Ptolemy division of degrees into minutes and seconds of arc is still used by navigators. -he incorrectly measurement of the earth size helped many people. Including Columbus.
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In Ad 986, bjarni herjulfsson was blown past his goal and sighted new land. What Viking bought his boat and help establish a colony in the North America.
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Eric the red
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What voyages had the purpose of displaying great wealth?
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Zhang He voyages was to display great wealth and power of the Ming dynasty
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What were the technologies invented and used in the Chinese voyages of zhaeg he?
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-the compass -central rudder -watertight compartment -sophisticated sail and multiple mass.
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What of the following best describes the organized study of the ocean beginning with technical studies of voyagers?
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Marine science
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Who is considered to be the father of physical oceanography because he published information from ships logs in the book "the physical geography of the seas"?
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Matthew Maury
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The key determining longitude at sea was to invent a sturdy clock that ran at a constant rate under any circumstance. The first of these clock was governed by a spring escapement and not by pendulum and was invented by whom and called what?
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John Harrison invented the chronometer.
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Why was the expedition led by Magellan in the early 1500s was significant to oceanography?
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He was the first to led an expedition to circumnavigate the world.
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What early navigator could be considered the "first marine scientist" because of his careful observation and record keeping and changed the world peacefully more than anyone in history?
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Captain James cook
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Why did the brilliant British scientist Edward Forbes believe that there was no life below the sunlit zone "azoic depth"
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Because of the pressure and lack of sunlight
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The four yrs US exploring that circumnavigated the globe, led by Charles Wilkes had what goals
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-showing the flag -whale scouting -gathering of minerals -chart observing -and pure exploration -disprove that the earth is hollow and can be entered through huge hole at either pole.
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What man was the first to publish a reasonably accurate chart of an ocean current?
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Benjamin Franklin
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The first sailing expedition devoted entirely to marine science was what expedition?
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The challenger expedition
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If one were to travel to Greenwich observatory in England and place a gps unit on the line that marked the prime meridian, what would the longitude actually read?
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It's not 0.0 but 5.3
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What did captain cook accomplish on his first voyage?
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-Founded and charted New Zealand -mapped Australia's Great Barrier Reef -marked the position of many small islands -made friend with many chiefs -and made notes of the history and inhabitant on the islands
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How did captain cook die?
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He had dinner with the chief of island of hawai'i. However somehow they angered the hawai'ians and were beset by the crowd. Was killed in fracas
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The expedition of fridtjof Nansen in the schooner Fram involved allowing the vessel to become trapped in the arctic ice. What was the significance of nansen's expedition?
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-proved that no arctic continent existed.
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What was the goal of the Trieste expedition of the 1960?
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Its goal is to descend into the challenger deep
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What are the lines called that are drawn parallels to the equator?
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Lines of constant latitude
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What was the first 3 person submersible developed in 1964 and logged about 4,400 dives?
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DSV Alvin
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The earliest regular voyaging for trade purposes took place in the?
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Mediterranean Sea
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Where was the word "oceanography" invented
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Thompson and Murray came up with the word oceanography. After asking the British gov for help
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What group invented the magnetic compass?
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Chinese Han dynasty
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Who was the second librarian of the library of Alexandria in Egypt?
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Eratosthenes
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Who was the first person to sense the worldwide pattern of surface wind and current?
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Matthew Maury
