Obesity 489 Test #1 – Flashcards
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1. Which is NOT one of the 5 principles provided by the Surgeon General's 2001 public health service publication? (a) promoting the recognition of overweight and obesity as major public health problems (b) assisting Americans in balancing healthful eating with regular physical activity (c) developing and enhancing public-private partnerships to eliminate fast foods (d) identifying effective and culturally appropriate interventions to prevent and treat overweight and obesity (e) encouraging environmental changes that help prevent overweight and obesity
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(c) developing and enhancing public-private partnerships to eliminate fast foods
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2. Which is the correct match? (a) social level/personal laziness (b) individual level/low self-esteem (c) social level/marketing of high fat foods
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(b) individual level/low self-esteem
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3. Which is NOT accurate regarding the BMI? (a) may exhibit an ethnic bias (b) Quetelet Index (c) index of weight-for-height (d) BMI = body mass index (e) direct measure of body fat
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(e) direct measure of body fat
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4. What is the BMI of an 80 kg person who stands 2 meters tall? (a) BMI = 20: overweight (b) BMI = 25: overweight (c) BMI = 20: normal weight (d) BMI = 25: obese (e) BMI = 25: normal weight
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(c) BMI = 20: normal weight
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5. Which is correct? (a) BMI 27.1 = obese (b) BMI 19.3 = underweight (c) BMI 38 = class 2 obese (d) BMI 45 = super obese (e) none of these Regarding DXA (or DEXA), (a) Dual Absorption X-ray Energy (b) DXA does not correlate well to BMI (c) provides body composition data (d) has nothing to do with body fatness (adiposity) (e) none of these
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(c) BMI 38 = class 2 obese (c) provides body composition data
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6. Which is not accurate? (a) insulin resistance = obesity co-morbidity (b) excess body weight = obesity co-morbidity (c) Type 2 Diabetes = obesity co-morbidity (d) hypertension = obesity co-morbidity (e) dyslipidemia = obesity co-morbidity
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(b) excess body weight = obesity co-morbidity
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7. True or False: Two persons having the same height and same weight can have different BMIs and different health risks. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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8. True or False: So-called 'metabolic syndrome' is not a disease, but rather, is equal or synonymous to obesity. (a) True (b) False
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(b) false
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9. Which is not one of the five risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome? (a) hypoglycemia (b) excess abdominal fat (c) high blood triglycerides (d) low HDL cholesterol (e) hypertension
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(a) hypoglycemia
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10. What relationships does the following figure depict? (a) direct relationships between food costs, food energy density, and income level (b) direct relationship between food costs and food energy density only (c) inverse relationship between food costs and income level vs. food energy density (d) inverse relationship between food costs and food energy density only (e) direct relationships between food costs and food energy density, and poverty
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(c) inverse relationship between food costs and income level vs. food energy density
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11. Suppose a patient's data are as follows: normal blood glucose, high HDL cholesterol, normal visceral fat, elevated (high) blood triglycerides, and a BMI of 29. Which of the choices below is the correct conclusion? (a) the patient should be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (b) the patient should not be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (c) the patient should be diagnosed with obesity (d) both (b) and (c) (e) none of these
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(b) the patient should not be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome
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12. True or False: Having learned a bit about framing, judge the following statement: "the more a frame reflects personal experience and familiar cultural themes, the more likely it will be accepted as a natural way to interpret reality." (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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13. True or False: Based upon your learning regarding obesity, judge the following statement: "body fat has shifted historically from a sign of health and wealth in traditional societies to being seen as bad, sinful, and ugly in modern societies." (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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14. Typically, when obesity is framed as a social issue, it is either _______________ or ______________ that is causing the problem. (a) the government; the system (b) the food industry; the individual (c) society; the environment (d) the individual; the system (e) none of these
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(d) the individual; the system
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15. A __________________ is a phenomenon created and developed by society that is built according to the perception of a person or a group of people. (a) socioeconomic gradient (b) social construct (c) social interactionist (d) systemic lifestyle disorder (e) socio-lifestyle disorder
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(b) social construct
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16. Which does not belong? (a) co-morbidity (b) insulin resistance (c) obesity (d) hypertension (e) cardiovascular disease
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(c) obesity
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17. Which social perspective is most concerned with order and stability in society, and the ways in which society's parts fit together? (a) functionalist (b) socialist (c) interactionist (d) conflict theorist (e) homongenist
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(a) functionalist
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18. True or False. The statement "obesity is an important contributor to the prevailing burden of chronic disease, but not only can such diseases develop in the absence of obesity, but also that a high BMI is not totally predictive of them" is supportive of the AMA decision to classify obesity as a disease. (a) True (b) False
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(b)false
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19. True or False. In the USA, the stigma regarding obesity has meant an enhanced status with respect to social standing and life opportunities. (a) True (b) False
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(b) false
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20. Which statement is the LEAST accurate? (a) access to dietary and physical activity resources are considered environmental resources (b) in the USA obesity rates do vary on the basis of race and socioeconomic status (c) in a food desert there is limited access to fresh, nutritious foods d) individuals living in disadvantaged neighborhoods have greater access to healthy food choices and to physical activity( (e) obesity rates follow a socioeconomic gradient, tending to be greater in populations with limited resources
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d) individuals living in disadvantaged neighborhoods have greater access to healthy food choices and to physical activity
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1. Which is NOT directly related to the concept of an anti-obesity policy? (a) healthcare provision (b) environmental determinants of good health (c) time management strategies that reduce absenteeism (d) socioeconomic determinants of good health (e) lifestyle behaviors that lead to obesity
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(c) time management strategies that reduce absenteeism
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2. True or False: Framing obesity as a system problem rather than an individual problem calls for policy action. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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3. In Chapter 2 reading, the most effective programs for preventing or reducing obesity should have five key components. Which of the following is NOT one of them? (a) a public health prevention and health services component (b) a physical activity component (c) a component that promotes human capital (d) a nutrition component (e) a mental health component
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(e) a mental health component
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4. In Chapter 2, examples of policy recommendations to address obesity were depicted in a figure. One of these was essentially to incentivize access to healthy foods in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Which of the five key program components does this fall under? (a) a public health prevention and health services component (b) a physical activity component (c) a component that promotes human capital (d) a nutrition component (e) a built environment component
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(d) a nutrition component
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5. True or False: The evidence base regarding the human effectiveness as well as the cost effectiveness of policy-based obesity prevention interventions has been fully developed. (a) True (b) False
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(b) False
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6. True or False: According to the FAO, all hungry people are food insecure, but not all food insecure people are hungry. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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7. Based on past and present USDA language, which grouping is correct? (a) food security/high food security/marginal food security (b) food insecurity/high food security/marginal food security (c) food security/food security with hunger/high food security (d) food insecurity/food security with hunger/very low food security (e) both (a) and (d)
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(e) both (a) and (d)
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8. Which statement is most accurate? (a) food security causes hunger (b) poverty is caused by food insecurity (c) there is zero correlation between food insecurity and obesity (d) hunger is a condition of poverty (e) poverty is caused by food security
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(d) hunger is a condition of poverty
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9. Poverty and food insecurity are often associated with all of the following except: (a) decreased food expenditures (b) decreased fruit and vegetable consumption (c) a low quality diet (d) family incomes above 200% of poverty (e) participation in one or more of the USDA food assistance programs
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(d) family incomes above 200% of poverty
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10. Regarding the "hunger obesity paradox", (a) diet quality is above average (b) food availability and caloric intake vary in a cyclical way (c) there is no evidence of stress or depression (d) obesity may coexist with diabetes but never hypertension (e) decreased physical activity may occur
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(b) food availability and caloric intake vary in a cyclical way
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11. Examine the following table to answer the question. STATE Food Insecurity % (Rank) Adult Obesity % (Rank) Kentucky 13.4 31.5 Texas 17.4 30.1 True or False: From the table below, it is likely that in both Texas and Kentucky there are individuals caught in the huger-obesity paradox. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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12. Consider the following statements and pick out the one that is least accurate: (a) cyclic food restriction is associated with increased lean body mass (b) cyclic food restriction is associated with a preference for energy dense foods (c) when access to food is reliable, adults typically over-consume food energy and demonstrate efficient fat storage (adiposity) (d) overconsumption contributes to the development of diabetes in pre-diabetics, plus poor glycemic control in non-diabetic individuals (e) Food insecurity has been reported to be associated also with obesity, hypertension, and CVD
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(a) cyclic food restriction is associated with increased lean body mass
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13. Consider the goal of reducing hunger and obesity in individuals, families, and communities. Which groupings were presented in chapter two as being critical factors? (a) children/family/neighborhood/school (b) family values/health care/food industry/policy/the media (c) economic environment/cultural environment/political environment/social structure environment (d) both (a) and (b) (e) choices (a), (b), and (c)
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(e) choices (a), (b), and (c)
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14. This practice was specifically mentioned in chapter two as having the potential to influence the political system and can be employed to put forth a specific agenda: (a) gatefold (b) editorializing (c) gatekeeping (d) bullying (e) food interests lobbying
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(c) gatekeeping
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15. True or False: Avoidance of health care, higher rates of depression, and low self-esteem are related to obesity stigmatization. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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16. Health information empowers individuals to make important decisions. Which of the following choices offers the best advice regarding obtaining accurate information? (a) identify if the providers of the information have an agenda behind the information (b) information source should be left anonymous to avoid bias on the part of the reader (c) conflict of interest by the information providers should not be an issue (d) information can be based upon many testimonials rather than scientific evidence (e) other sources and references to support the information provided is not necessary
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(a) identify if the providers of the information have an agenda behind the information
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17. True or False: Research has shown that while substantial overlap exists between medical science and news reporting on the obesity issue, the news media does tend to sensationalize it. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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18. The following statement is an example of this, as mentioned in chapter two: "With the advent of summer recess, school children - who had been participants of the supervised healthy school meal - are now free to gobble down cheap, high-fat fast food while swilling down empty calorie sugary drinks. This, coupled to the number of hours spent in front of computers, video games, and television - instead of engaging in wholesome physical activities - will no doubt contribute to massive weight gain of many children during the summer months." (a) demoralization (b) dehumanization (c) moralization (d) establishing conflict (e) achieving conflict resolution
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(c) moralization
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19. Select the LEAST accurate statement: (a) panopticon, a form of social control, refers to a surveillance of the few by the many (b) the media often omits the perspectives and opinions of the obese when reporting on the issue (c) in the media's portrayal of obesity, synopticon is explained as almost the opposite of panopticon (d) in synopticon, audiences who are non-obese view and contemplate the obese as profiled in the media. (e) researchers have evoked panopticon and synopticon in an attempt to understand how obese people perceive and respond to news reporting on obesity
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(a) panopticon, a form of social control, refers to a surveillance of the few by the many
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20. True or False: "Community", but not "individual", is one of the levels of the socio-ecological framework model. (a) True (b) False
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(b) False
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21. Which statement is incorrect? (a) the socio-ecological model suggests that the most effective approach leading to healthy behaviors is a combination of efforts at all levels in the model (b) The five levels of the socio-ecological model as presented in chapter two are individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy (c) although individuals are responsible for adopting the lifestyle changes necessary for health, behavior is determined to a large extent by the social environment (d) the socio-ecological model is a key conceptual map that recognizes the relationships between the individual and the environment (e) it is close to impossible for the socio-economic model to be applied in urban, suburban, as well as rural communities where diverse physical, social, and economic factors exist
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e) it is close to impossible for the socio-economic model to be applied in urban, suburban, as well as rural communities where diverse physical, social, and economic factors exist
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22. ____________________ environment is one that promotes the condition of obesity, wherein multiple factors decrease opportunities for healthy eating and increased activity at home, at school, and at work. (a) An obese (b) A dehumanizing (c) A stigmatizing (d) An obesogenic (e) A fast food
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(d) An obesogenic
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23. Which entity was mentioned in chapter two as recognizing that changes in policy can drive changes in critical environments (physical, economic and socio-cultural), which may prove effective in reaching multiple sectors of the community affected most by obesity? (a) USDA (b) WHO (c) CDC (d) WIC (e) FDA
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(b) WHO
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24. True or False: Two possible directions that government policy approaches to obesity can take are (1) directed toward individuals who are already obese (treatment), and (2) focused on preventing individuals from becoming obese. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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25. When a federal, state, or local anti-obesity policy gains support, what is likely the case? (a) it cost a great deal of money to put into action (b) it was environmentally but not politically feasible (c) that the public supported the government infringing on their freedom of choice (d) it was positively viewed by the stakeholder community (e) none of these
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(d) it was positively viewed by the stakeholder community
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26. What is one of the main differences between NHANES and BRFSS? (a) CDC conducts NHANES, while USDA conducts BRFSS (b) NHANES uses self-reported information via telephone survey while BRFSS does not (c) NHANES involves nationwide data, while BRFSS obtains state-level data (d) Data from NHANES but not BRFSS provide the opportunity to review obesity trends and patterns (e) Data from BRFSS but not NHANES provide the opportunity to review obesity trends and patterns
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(c) NHANES involves nationwide data, while BRFSS obtains state-level data
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27. What is USDA's current food group symbol or icon that serves as a reminder to consumers regarding healthy food choices at mealtimes? (a) MyGov (b) MyBelly (c) MyPlate (d) MyPyramid (e) US Dietary Guidelines for Americans
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(c) MyPlate
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28. Which statement is most accurate? (a) HHS and CDC jointly issue the Dietary Guidelines (b) the Dietary Guidelines encourage healthy eating patterns that promote chronic diseases (c) the current edition of the Dietary Guidelines outlines how people can improve their overall eating patterns (d) the most recent Dietary Guidelines were issued in 2010 (e) there are seven (7) overarching guidelines and five (5) key recommendations in the current US Dietary Guidelines for Americans
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(c) the current edition of the Dietary Guidelines outlines how people can improve their overall eating patterns
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29. ________________ represents a partnership approach to research in which community members, organizational representatives, and researchers each contribute expertise and share decision making and ownership within a collaborative framework. (a) CBPR (b) BRFSS (c) PedNSS (d) CPR (e) CPBR
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(a) CBPR
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30. Which federal program helps low-income Americans buy food via an electronic card that is used like an ATM card that is accepted at most grocery stores? (a) SNIP (b) NSLP (c) PedNSS (d) SNPI (e) SNAP
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(e) SNAP
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31. One of your reading assignments was "A policy-based school intervention to prevent overweight and obesity". Which of the following did not pertain to this research? (a) authored by Foster et al. (b) incorporated The School Nutrition Policy Initiative (c) had as goals to implement a multicomponent adult weight loss program and to examine the effects over a 3-year period (d) SNPI (e) five component
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(c) had as goals to implement a multicomponent adult weight loss program and to examine the effects over a 3-year period
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32. "A voluntary certification initiative recognizing schools enrolled in USDA's Team Nutrition that have created healthier school environments through promotion of nutrition and physical activity" describes: (a) SNIP (b) BMI Report Card (c) DASH (d) HUSSC (e) SNAP
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(d) HUSSC
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33. When reading the article by Finney Rutten et al., you were asked to be aware of how cross-sectional studies differ from longitudinal studies. Consider the following statement, and choose the choice below that is in harmony with it: "Cross-sectional studies are sometimes carried out to investigate associations between risk factors and the outcome of interest. They are limited, however, by the fact that they are carried out at one time point and give no indication of the sequence of events — whether exposure occurred before, after or during the onset of the disease outcome. This being so, it is impossible to infer causality." (a) When the goal is estimating the causal effect of certain treatments on the outcome, longitudinal studies are preferred over non-longitudinal (i.e., cross-sectional) ones in which the temporal order of treatment and outcome may be unclear. (b) While cross sectional studies may show a correlation between current economic status and obesity, a longitudinal study may demonstrate whether or not a true causal relationship exists between food insecurity and obesity. (c) neither (a) nor (b) support the statement in question 32 (d) both (a) and (b) support the statement in question 32 (e) it is impossible to answer this question
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(d) both (a) and (b) support the statement in question 32
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34. In the article by Finney Rutten et al., what is meant by "a bidirectional association between obesity and health outcomes"? (a) That there is a direct relationship between degree of obesity and acquirement of disease. (b) That obesity is linked with increased risk of obtaining numerous adverse health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, stroke, and depression. (c) neither (a) nor (b) (d) both (a) and (b) (e) it is impossible to answer this question
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(d) both (a) and (b)
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35. True or False: In the article by Finney Rutten et al., Figure 1 depicted conceptually a cycle of mutual influence among physiological, behavioral, and psycho-social-cultural mechanisms that translate environmental and contextual influences of poverty and food insecurity into obesity and health outcomes. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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36. The current Dietary Guidelines suggest all of the following except: (a) consume less than 10 percent of calories per day from added sugars (b) consume less than 1 percent of calories per day from saturated fats (c) consume less than 2,000 milligrams (mg) per day of sodium (d) both (a) and (b) (e) (a), (b) and (c)
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(a) consume less than 10 percent of calories per day from added sugars
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37. True or False: One of the concerns regarding the BMI Report card was that parents might place their children on calorie -restricted diets before puberty - a practice not recommended by health professionals. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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1. Which term is consistent and explicit when considering the concepts "bioenergetics", "intermediary energy metabolism", and "energy balance"?? (a) nutrients (b) physical activity (c) energy (d) good health (e) obesity
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(c) energy
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2. True or False: The standard (or basic) chemical equation representing cellular respiration involves the catabolism of glucose, fats, and protein to generate water, carbon dioxide, and ATP energy. (a) True (b) False
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(b) False
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3. True or False: In considering "human entropy", we consider people as living organisms existing as open systems, able to exchange both matter and energy with the environment. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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4. True or False: When food is consumed, there is a decrease in entropy due to anaerobic metabolism. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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5. In living systems, which Law places the emphasis on the transfer of energy from one form to another? (a) First Law of Thermodynamics (b) Law of Averages (c) Law of Diminishing Returns (d) Third Law of Thermodynamics (e) Second Law of Thermodynamics
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(a) First Law of Thermodynamics
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6. Which Law incorporates the concept of entropy? (a) First Law of Thermodynamics (b) Mendel's Law (c) Murphy's Law (d) Third Law of Thermodynamics (e) Second Law of Thermodynamics
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(e) Second Law of Thermodynamics
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7. Which one is not an accurate depiction of the energy balance equation? (a) Energyi + Energyo = 0 (b) Energyo + Energyi = 0 (c) Energyi = - Energyo (d) Energyo = - Energyi (e) Energyi + Energyo = 1
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(e) Energyi + Energyo = 1
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8. Which statement least explains the concept of energy balance and its relationship to hunger, satiety or body weight? (a) caloric requirement to maintain a healthy body weight is determined gender, height + other factors (b) too few calories ingested over time results in positive energy balance (c) with negative energy balance, there is a low satiety index (d) caloric requirement to maintain a healthy body weight is determined NEAT + other factors (e) caloric requirement to maintain a healthy body weight is determined by the level of physical activity + other factors
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(b) too few calories ingested over time results in positive energy balance
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9. Which one does not belong? (a) adenosine triphosphate (b) nucleotide (c) nicotine adenine dinucleotide (d) ATP (e) adenine + ribose + 3 phosphate groups
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(c) nicotine adenine dinucleotide
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10. True or False: The catabolism (hydrolysis) of the disaccharide sucrose into two monosaccharides (glucose + fructose) is probably coupled to the synthesis of ATP. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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11. True or False: The synthesis of a fatty acid (glycerol + 3 fatty acids) is probably coupled to the synthesis of ATP. (a) True (b) False
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(b) False
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12. In beta oxidation, a fatty acid is sequentially shortened two carbon units at a time. Therefore, the to fully oxidize a C16 fatty acid to the C2 ending material (CH3-COO- , called acetate) would require seven (7) steps. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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13. _________ reactions generate energy, and are called _________ reactions. By contrast, _________ reactions require energy, and are _________ reactions in which energy is stored. (a) anabolic, exergonic; catabolic, endergonic (b) catabolic, endergonic; anabolic, exergonic (c) ADP, exothermic; ATP, endothermic (d) catabolic, exergonic; anabolic, endergonic (e) hydrolysis, endothermic; synthesis, exothermic
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(d) catabolic, exergonic; anabolic, endergonic
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14. __________ is the initial stage or pathway of cellular respiration, and it takes place within the _________ of the cell. (a) gluconeogenesis; nucleus (b) aerobic energy metabolism; cytosol (or cytoplasm) (c) glycolysis; mitochondria (d) glycolysis; cytosol (or cytoplasm) (e) beta oxidation; nucleus
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(d) glycolysis; cytosol (or cytoplasm)
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15. In glycolysis, glucose is split apart to form __________. (a) sucrose (b) fructose (c) glycine (d) two phosphate molecules (e) two pyruvate molecules
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(e) two pyruvate molecules
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16. True or False: The metabolism of glucose can proceed in an anaerobic direction to generate a small amount of ATP, or one that is aerobic, which leads to the Krebs (TCA) cycle, electron transport, and the generation of many ATPs. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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17. Which of the following statements is least accurate? (a) respiration refers to how food is converted into energy using water and oxygen. (b) respiration consists of three separate metabolic phases: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. (c) FADH2 and NADH are two important compounds in respiration (d) aerobic respiration takes place in the cytosol of the cell (e) during respiration, FADH2 and NADH couple to the production of ATP
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(d) aerobic respiration takes place in the cytosol of the cell
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18. Examine the statements below, and select the one that is not accurate. (a) Electron transport utilizes a set of three protein pumps embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria that move hydrogen ions (H+ ) externally from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. (b) In a process called oxidative phosphorylation, H+ ions flow back into the cell's cytoplasm from the mitochondrial matrix via a membrane protein called an ATP synthase. (c) The flow of ions through the mitochondrial channel produces >30 ATP molecules. (d) The waste products from the powering of the electron transport protein pumps combine with O2 to produce H2O molecules. (e) Only in the presence of oxygen can energy carrier molecules NAD+ and FAD function in the processes of aerobic respiration.
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(b) In a process called oxidative phosphorylation, H+ ions flow back into the cell's cytoplasm from the mitochondrial matrix via a membrane protein called an ATP synthase.
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19. When __________ is in short supply, cells turn to __________ in order to obtain energy, a process known as ____________________. (a) glucose, protein, glycolysis (b) glucose, protein, gluconeogenesis (c) protein, fat, beta oxidation (d) glucose, starch, gluconeogenesis (e) glycogen, protein, glycolysis
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(b) glucose, protein, gluconeogenesis
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20. True or False: The glucose-alanine cycle is an example of a gluconeogenesis pathway. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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21. _______________________ refers to the ability of the body to burn more calories, resulting in more weight loss, with a diet consisting of one type of macronutrient distribution versus another. (a) metabolic advantage (b) metaboilic wright loss (c) ketoacidosis (d) gluconeogenesis (e) glycolysis
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(a) metabolic advantage
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22. True or False: Physical activity does influence metabolism and therefore potentially impacts any metabolic advantage of a particular diet. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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23. Some bodybuilders and power athletes may seek to lose body fat by ingesting what are called _________________ substances. These are chemical compounds that are claimed to increase the ______________ and _____________. (a) thermogenic, BMR, energy intake (b) thermogenic, BMR, energy expenditure (c) thermogenic, TEF, energy expenditure (d) ketogenic, BMR, energy expenditure (e) thermogenic, BAT, energy expenditure
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(b) thermogenic, BMR, energy expenditure
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24. Research has demonstrated that RMR can vary substantially even among individuals that share the same height, weight, age, and gender due to: (a) thyroid hormone (b) lean body mass vs. fat mass (c) intake of certain supplements and prescription medication (d) geographic location (e) choices (a), (b), and (c) only
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(e) choices (a), (b), and (c) only
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25. What is the primary method of heat production in infants? (a) non-shivering thermogenesis (b) NEAT (c) shivering thermogenesis (d) primarily WAT (white adipose tissue) metabolism (e) choices (b) and (c) only
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(a) non-shivering thermogenesis
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26. We learned about the TEE and the BMR in Chapter 3. The American Dietetic Association recommends that the most practical way to calculate BMR is by using the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation, and then account for activity level to get total energy expenditure (TEE). To do this, multiply the BMR times the activity factor to yield the TEE. Which of the following statements is false? (a) one limitation to this approach is that it is based on body weight without taking into account factors like lean body mass vs. body fat (b) for a BMI of 1,000 and using the factor 1.8 for moderate physical activity, the TEE would be estimated at 1800 kcals (c) the TEE value provided in (c) is an estimate of the daily caloric needs to maintain current weight (d) for a person having a BMI of 1,000 and 1.8 for physical activity, if they consume 1850 kcals daily, they will gradually be losing weight over time (c) among other factors, the TEE value for any person is dependent upon age and gender
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(d) for a person having a BMI of 1,000 and 1.8 for physical activity, if they consume 1850 kcals daily, they will gradually be losing weight over time
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27. True or False: In the article by Schoeller et al., the researchers investigated whether or not a physiological mechanism exists that is associated with varying the macronutrient composition of diet to promote weight loss. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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28. True or False: In the article by Schoeller et al., Table 1 depicts the association between predicted amount of energy deficit and resultant rate of weight loss per week. Specifically, as energy deficit increases, predicted weight loss and predicted reduction in energy intake to produce the energy deficit decreases. Additionally, weight loss decreased when energy expenditure increased. (a) True (b) False
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(b) false
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29. True or False: In the article by Fineman and Fine, the authors examined the possible advantage of a diet low in carbohydrates. Such a "metabolically advantageous" diet might prove helpful to implement to reduce the incidence of obesity. (a) True (b) False
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(a) True
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30. In the article by Fineman and Fine, the authors discussed how carbohydrate intake, protein turnover, and gluconeogenesis related. Is the following statement accurate? "The lower the carbohydrate intake, the more the body must rely on other sources to make glucose; thus if one is consuming a lower carbohydrate, higher protein diet, protein turnover will increase such that some of the protein will be broken down to substrates via gluconeogenesis in order to make glucose." (a) Yes, the statement as written is accurate based upon the article by Fineman and Fine. (b) No, the statement as written is not accurate based upon the article by Fineman and Fine.
answer
(a) Yes, the statement as written is accurate based upon the article by Fineman and Fine.
