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OB Ovaries – Flashcards

Lisa Currey

7 July 2022

question

An ovary is generally considered abnormal if its volume is _____ the size of the contralateral ovary.

answer

twice

question

In PCOS, the ovaries have a/an _____ shape.

answer

rounded

question

Paraovarian cysts arise from the:

answer

broad ligament

question

The most common benign tumor of the ovary is a/an:

answer

dermoid

question

A benign adenoma containing multiple cysts is a/an:

answer

cystadenoma

question

What statement about Meige's syndrome is false?

answer

It includes pleural effusions. 2. It is associated with fibroma. 3. It includes massive ascites. 4. It is associated with theca lutein cysts.

question

Which of the following is a localized tumor of endometriosis most frequently found in the ovary, cul-de-sac, retrovaginal septum, and peritoneal surface of the posterior wall of the uterus?

answer

endometrioma

question

When you are concerned about the possibility of pelvic cancer, what additional two things would you look for to help rule out or in that diagnosis?

answer

lymphadenopathy and ascites

question

The patient complains of bloating and constipation and generalized malaise.The patient is 54 years of age and her GYN examine was inconclusive, but her doctor said something about a frozen pelvis. What is the most likely diagnosis after looking at the sonogram

answer

Serous Cystoadenocarcinoma

question

Hyperstimulation of the ovaries will likely result in

answer

theca lutein cysts

question

Metastatic lesions in the adnexa are more commonly associated with a primary

answer

gastrointestinal tract

question

An adolescent patient presents with a history of severe acute right lower quadrant pain. Her last menstrual period was 2 to 3 weeks prior. A hypoechoic ovarian mass is identified on ultrasound. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious

answer

hemorrhagic cyst

question

Large pelvic masses, whether benign or malignant, may cause____; therfore the _______ should be evaluated also:

answer

Urinary obstruction, kidneys

question

Physiologic ovarian cysts are the most common cystic mass in women of child-bearing

answer

True

question

The postmenopausal ovaries are usually enlarged

answer

false

question

Krukenberg's tumor is

answer

a secondary carcinoma of the ovaries with promary in the gastrointestinal tract

question

A large cyst of about 15-18 cm is situated in the broad ligament between the fallopian tube and ovaries with remnants of the wolffian body. This is most likely.

answer

paraovarian cyst

question

The appearance of solid echo patterns (papillary projections) within a cystic pelvic mass suggests malignancy.

answer

True

question

A mucinous cystadenoma is all of the following except:

answer

Thick with irregular walls and septations b. Large cystic mass with multilocular cystic spaces c. Most common cystic tumor d. Unilateral

question

Which one of the following endocrine disorders is associated with

answer

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

question

there is risk of torsion of the ovary if it greater than

answer

5 cm

question

Normal ovarian volume

answer

mean9.8+/- 5.8 cc up to 22cc

question

Precocious puberty can be caused by a tumor on where

answer

adrenal glands or ovary

question

Tip of the iceberg is referring to

answer

solid tumors

question

Best time to doppler the ovaries

answer

first ten days of cycle to avoid changes in blood flow during luteal phase

question

Pulsatility index

answer

PSV - EDV / mean velocity

question

Resistive Index

answer

PSV - EDV / PSV

question

Normal values for doppler

answer

PI is 1.0 and RI .4

question

Malignancy on doppler would be

answer

below normal value

question

Benign disease on doppler would be

answer

above the normal value

question

Follicular Cysts

answer

1. usually unilateral 2. thin-walled, translucent, have watery fluid, may porject above or within the surface 3. may grow 1-8 cm

question

Corpus Luteum cysts

answer

1. filled with blood and cystic fluid 2. grow 1- 10 cm 3. may follow IUP/ ectopic

question

Hemorrhagic cyst

answer

can happen in follicular but more common in corpus luteal cysts

question

Appearance of hemorrhagic cysts on sono

answer

could look cystic as first(anechoic) then solid (light grey) , then cystic again depends when you view it. it could have blood in it then it could be resolving itself

question

Theca- Lutein cysts appearane

answer

1. Large, bilateral , multiloculated

question

Theca- Lutein cysts are associated with

answer

high levels of Hcg and 30% PATIENTS with trophoblastic disease

question

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

answer

complication of ovarian induction; fertility treatments

question

Appearance of OHS

answer

1.large ovaries up to 10cm 2. ascites 3. pleural effusions 4. numerous thin walled cysts throughout periphery of ovary (theca-lutein cysts)

question

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

answer

includes Stein-Leventhal syndrome (moon face) bilateral enlarges polycystic ovaries occurs in teens-20's endocrine inbalance Completely afertile

question

PCOS looks like on sono

answer

string of pearls, same size follicles along periphery

question

Peritoneal Inclusion cysts

answer

Lined with mesothelial cells Form when adhesions trap peritoneal fluid around ovaries (large ADNEXAL MASS

question

Paraovarian cysts

answer

Simple can bleed or torse WOLFFIAN duct remnants

question

Location of paraovarian cysts

answer

broad ligament

question

Endometriosis

answer

functioning endometrial tissue is outside the uterus

question

Where can this ectopic endometrial tissue be found?

answer

pelvis, ovary, fallopian tube, broad ligament, external surface of the uterus, scattered over the peritoneum, cul-de-sac- and even bladder

question

Localized form of endometriosis consistinf of a mass

answer

endometrioma

question

Endometrioma looks on sono

answer

well defined, unilocular or multilocular predominantly cysticmass diffuse homogenous, low level internal echoes

question

Torsion of ovary happens more often in who

answer

children and younger females with mobile adnexa

question

Which ovary is more likely to torse?

answer

right

question

Sono signs of torse ovary?

answer

avascular hypoechoic enlarged ovary free fluid in cul-de-sac

question

4ht leading cause of cancer death

answer

ovarian carcinoma

question

60% of ovarian malignancies happen in what years

answer

40-60

question

sono appearance of ovarian CA

answer

complex, cystic, or solid mass more likely cystic 20% bilateral

question

Masses less than 5 cm

answer

benign usually

question

Masses greater than 10 cm

answer

MALIGNANT

question

Women who have had what have a greater risk of ovarian cancer?

answer

breast CA

question

Risk factors for ovarian Ca

answer

increasing age, nulliparity, infertility, uninterrupted ovulation, and late menopause

question

Ovarian cancer usually arises from what tumors?

answer

epithelial serous cystadenocarcinoma

question

Clinical signs of ovarian CA

answer

vague ab pain, swelling, indigestion, frequent urination, constipation, and weight change

question

Stage 1 cancer

answer

limited to ovary a. 1 ovary b. 2 ovaries c. ascites

question

Stage 2 cancer

answer

limited to pelvis a. uterus/fallopian tubes b. other pelvic tissues c. ascites

question

Stage 3

answer

limited to abdomen

question

Stage 4

answer

beyond abdomen

question

Two types of Epithelial Tumors

answer

serous ( most common) mucinous

question

Benign tumor

answer

adenoma

question

Malignant tumor

answer

adenocarcinoma

question

When it is labeled fibroma

answer

50% is fibrous

question

mucinous cystadenoma

answer

most common cystic tumor lined by mucinous elements of endocrevix and bowel

question

when and what do they look like (mucinous cystednoma)

answer

ages 13-45 large 15-30 cm and up to 100 lbs

question

sono findings of mucinous cystedoma

answer

mucinous gelatin-like septates no greater than 2mm thin walls multilocular unilateral

question

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

answer

bilateral pseudomyxoma peritoneum- fluid inside septation thick >2mm irregular thickwalls papillary projections

question

sign of malignancy

answer

can not define borders especially superior bordet

question

second most common benign tumor of ovary

answer

serous cystadenoma

question

serous cystadenoma

answer

usually unilocular thin septations irregular borders occupies space given to them clear fluid (no echoes) smaller than mucinous

question

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

answer

`loss of capsular definition frozen pelvis cystic structure with papillary projections vascularity

question

Germ Cell tumors

answer

derived from primative germ cells of embryonic gonad

question

the largest kind of germ cell tumor

answer

benign cystic teratomas

question

95% of germ cell tumors are

answer

benign

question

germ cell tumors are associated with what hormones

answer

elevated AFP and HcG

question

germ cell tumors present themselves as

answer

mixed tumor with elements of two or three varieties of germ cell tumors

question

Germ cell tumor appear

answer

unilateral 40% will calcify homogeneously solid, predominantly solid, predominantly cystic

question

Dermoid tumor/ Teratoma

answer

small-40 cm unilateral contains fatty, sebaceous material, hair, cartilage, bone, teeth

question

symptoms of teratoma

answer

irregular menses pelvic pressure

question

Dermoid tumors appear

answer

1.completely cystic mass 2. cystic mass with very echogenic nodule along mural wall representing "dermoid plug" 3. fat-filled level 4. high-amplitude echoes with shadowing (teeth, bone) 5. complex mass with internal septations

question

Iceberg sign

answer

sound can't penetrate through in dermoid tumors

question

immature teratomas

answer

occur between 10-20 yrs old rapid growing solid malignant tumors with many tiny cysts AFP elevated in 50% of patients unilateral

question

What tumor are most common in pregnant women?

answer

dysgerminoma serous cystadenoma

question

Stromal tumor

answer

solid adnexal massses that arise from sex cords of embryonic gonadal and/or ovarian stroma

question

Fibroma and Thecoma

answer

arise from ovarian stroma

question

Thecoma

answer

usually benign unilateral shows signs of estrogen production

question

Fibroma

answer

not associated with estrogen production found in postmenopausal women

question

Meig's syndrome (fibroma)

answer

triad: ovarian tumor ascites pleural effusion

question

sono appearance of fibroma

answer

unilateral hypoechoic mass with posterior attentuation

question

Granulosa

answer

feminizing neoplasm composed of cells that resemble graafian follicle

question

Granulosa happens to who?

answer

postmenopausal women most common 50% reproductive 45%

question

most common hormone active tumor of the ovary?

answer

granulosa

question

Least common of GYN malignancies

answer

carcinoma of the fallopian tube

1 of

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers

question

An ovary is generally considered abnormal if its volume is _____ the size of the contralateral ovary.

answer

twice

question

In PCOS, the ovaries have a/an _____ shape.

answer

rounded

question

Paraovarian cysts arise from the:

answer

broad ligament

question

The most common benign tumor of the ovary is a/an:

answer

dermoid

question

A benign adenoma containing multiple cysts is a/an:

answer

cystadenoma

question

What statement about Meige's syndrome is false?

answer

It includes pleural effusions. 2. It is associated with fibroma. 3. It includes massive ascites. 4. It is associated with theca lutein cysts.

question

Which of the following is a localized tumor of endometriosis most frequently found in the ovary, cul-de-sac, retrovaginal septum, and peritoneal surface of the posterior wall of the uterus?

answer

endometrioma

question

When you are concerned about the possibility of pelvic cancer, what additional two things would you look for to help rule out or in that diagnosis?

answer

lymphadenopathy and ascites

question

answer

Serous Cystoadenocarcinoma

question

Hyperstimulation of the ovaries will likely result in

answer

theca lutein cysts

question

Metastatic lesions in the adnexa are more commonly associated with a primary

answer

gastrointestinal tract

question

answer

hemorrhagic cyst

question

Large pelvic masses, whether benign or malignant, may cause____; therfore the _______ should be evaluated also:

answer

Urinary obstruction, kidneys

question

Physiologic ovarian cysts are the most common cystic mass in women of child-bearing

answer

True

question

The postmenopausal ovaries are usually enlarged

answer

false

question

Krukenberg's tumor is

answer

a secondary carcinoma of the ovaries with promary in the gastrointestinal tract

question

A large cyst of about 15-18 cm is situated in the broad ligament between the fallopian tube and ovaries with remnants of the wolffian body. This is most likely.

answer

paraovarian cyst

question

The appearance of solid echo patterns (papillary projections) within a cystic pelvic mass suggests malignancy.

answer

True

question

A mucinous cystadenoma is all of the following except:

answer

Thick with irregular walls and septations b. Large cystic mass with multilocular cystic spaces c. Most common cystic tumor d. Unilateral

question

Which one of the following endocrine disorders is associated with

answer

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

question

there is risk of torsion of the ovary if it greater than

answer

5 cm

question

Normal ovarian volume

answer

mean9.8+/- 5.8 cc up to 22cc

question

Precocious puberty can be caused by a tumor on where

answer

adrenal glands or ovary

question

Tip of the iceberg is referring to

answer

solid tumors

question

Best time to doppler the ovaries

answer

first ten days of cycle to avoid changes in blood flow during luteal phase

question

Pulsatility index

answer

PSV - EDV / mean velocity

question

Resistive Index

answer

PSV - EDV / PSV

question

Normal values for doppler

answer

PI is 1.0 and RI .4

question

Malignancy on doppler would be

answer

below normal value

question

Benign disease on doppler would be

answer

above the normal value

question

Follicular Cysts

answer

1. usually unilateral 2. thin-walled, translucent, have watery fluid, may porject above or within the surface 3. may grow 1-8 cm

question

Corpus Luteum cysts

answer

1. filled with blood and cystic fluid 2. grow 1- 10 cm 3. may follow IUP/ ectopic

question

Hemorrhagic cyst

answer

can happen in follicular but more common in corpus luteal cysts

question

Appearance of hemorrhagic cysts on sono

answer

could look cystic as first(anechoic) then solid (light grey) , then cystic again depends when you view it. it could have blood in it then it could be resolving itself

question

Theca- Lutein cysts appearane

answer

1. Large, bilateral , multiloculated

question

Theca- Lutein cysts are associated with

answer

high levels of Hcg and 30% PATIENTS with trophoblastic disease

question

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

answer

complication of ovarian induction; fertility treatments

question

Appearance of OHS

answer

1.large ovaries up to 10cm 2. ascites 3. pleural effusions 4. numerous thin walled cysts throughout periphery of ovary (theca-lutein cysts)

question

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

answer

includes Stein-Leventhal syndrome (moon face) bilateral enlarges polycystic ovaries occurs in teens-20's endocrine inbalance Completely afertile

question

PCOS looks like on sono

answer

string of pearls, same size follicles along periphery

question

Peritoneal Inclusion cysts

answer

Lined with mesothelial cells Form when adhesions trap peritoneal fluid around ovaries (large ADNEXAL MASS

question

Paraovarian cysts

answer

Simple can bleed or torse WOLFFIAN duct remnants

question

Location of paraovarian cysts

answer

broad ligament

question

Endometriosis

answer

functioning endometrial tissue is outside the uterus

question

Where can this ectopic endometrial tissue be found?

answer

pelvis, ovary, fallopian tube, broad ligament, external surface of the uterus, scattered over the peritoneum, cul-de-sac- and even bladder

question

Localized form of endometriosis consistinf of a mass

answer

endometrioma

question

Endometrioma looks on sono

answer

well defined, unilocular or multilocular predominantly cysticmass diffuse homogenous, low level internal echoes

question

Torsion of ovary happens more often in who

answer

children and younger females with mobile adnexa

question

Which ovary is more likely to torse?

answer

right

question

Sono signs of torse ovary?

answer

avascular hypoechoic enlarged ovary free fluid in cul-de-sac

question

4ht leading cause of cancer death

answer

ovarian carcinoma

question

60% of ovarian malignancies happen in what years

answer

40-60

question

sono appearance of ovarian CA

answer

complex, cystic, or solid mass more likely cystic 20% bilateral

question

Masses less than 5 cm

answer

benign usually

question

Masses greater than 10 cm

answer

MALIGNANT

question

Women who have had what have a greater risk of ovarian cancer?

answer

breast CA

question

Risk factors for ovarian Ca

answer

increasing age, nulliparity, infertility, uninterrupted ovulation, and late menopause

question

Ovarian cancer usually arises from what tumors?

answer

epithelial serous cystadenocarcinoma

question

Clinical signs of ovarian CA

answer

vague ab pain, swelling, indigestion, frequent urination, constipation, and weight change

question

Stage 1 cancer

answer

limited to ovary a. 1 ovary b. 2 ovaries c. ascites

question

Stage 2 cancer

answer

limited to pelvis a. uterus/fallopian tubes b. other pelvic tissues c. ascites

question

Stage 3

answer

limited to abdomen

question

Stage 4

answer

beyond abdomen

question

Two types of Epithelial Tumors

answer

serous ( most common) mucinous

question

Benign tumor

answer

adenoma

question

Malignant tumor

answer

adenocarcinoma

question

When it is labeled fibroma

answer

50% is fibrous

question

mucinous cystadenoma

answer

most common cystic tumor lined by mucinous elements of endocrevix and bowel

question

when and what do they look like (mucinous cystednoma)

answer

ages 13-45 large 15-30 cm and up to 100 lbs

question

sono findings of mucinous cystedoma

answer

mucinous gelatin-like septates no greater than 2mm thin walls multilocular unilateral

question

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

answer

bilateral pseudomyxoma peritoneum- fluid inside septation thick >2mm irregular thickwalls papillary projections

question

sign of malignancy

answer

can not define borders especially superior bordet

question

second most common benign tumor of ovary

answer

serous cystadenoma

question

serous cystadenoma

answer

usually unilocular thin septations irregular borders occupies space given to them clear fluid (no echoes) smaller than mucinous

question

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

answer

`loss of capsular definition frozen pelvis cystic structure with papillary projections vascularity

question

Germ Cell tumors

answer

derived from primative germ cells of embryonic gonad

question

the largest kind of germ cell tumor

answer

benign cystic teratomas

question

95% of germ cell tumors are

answer

benign

question

germ cell tumors are associated with what hormones

answer

elevated AFP and HcG

question

germ cell tumors present themselves as

answer

mixed tumor with elements of two or three varieties of germ cell tumors

question

Germ cell tumor appear

answer

unilateral 40% will calcify homogeneously solid, predominantly solid, predominantly cystic

question

Dermoid tumor/ Teratoma

answer

small-40 cm unilateral contains fatty, sebaceous material, hair, cartilage, bone, teeth

question

symptoms of teratoma

answer

irregular menses pelvic pressure

question

Dermoid tumors appear

answer

question

Iceberg sign

answer

sound can't penetrate through in dermoid tumors

question

immature teratomas

answer

occur between 10-20 yrs old rapid growing solid malignant tumors with many tiny cysts AFP elevated in 50% of patients unilateral

question

What tumor are most common in pregnant women?

answer

dysgerminoma serous cystadenoma

question

Stromal tumor

answer

solid adnexal massses that arise from sex cords of embryonic gonadal and/or ovarian stroma

question

Fibroma and Thecoma

answer

arise from ovarian stroma

question

Thecoma

answer

usually benign unilateral shows signs of estrogen production

question

Fibroma

answer

not associated with estrogen production found in postmenopausal women

question

Meig's syndrome (fibroma)

answer

triad: ovarian tumor ascites pleural effusion

question

sono appearance of fibroma

answer

unilateral hypoechoic mass with posterior attentuation

question

Granulosa

answer

feminizing neoplasm composed of cells that resemble graafian follicle

question

Granulosa happens to who?

answer

postmenopausal women most common 50% reproductive 45%

question

most common hormone active tumor of the ovary?

answer

granulosa

question

Least common of GYN malignancies

answer

carcinoma of the fallopian tube

OB Ovaries – Flashcards

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