question

Your patient responds to your voice with incomprehensible murmurers. Using the AVPU scale, he is classifed as responsive to:

answer

Verbal stimuli

question

Do vitals signs have to be taken on-scene in every situation?

answer

No. Vitals should be taken enroute for patients idenitified as high priority for immediate transport for definitive care .

question

What does SAMPLE stand for?

answer

Signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical history, last meal, events lead to current state.

question

What forms of abuse are EMS providers mandated to report?

answer

Child, Spouse, and Elder Abuse must be reported on the PCR/E-PCR and verbally at transfer of care. Child abuse must also be reported according to NYS Bureau of EMS Policy #02-01.

question

Does a PCR/E-PCR have to be completed when no patient contact is made?

answer

Yes, even for stand-bys, calls where no patients are located, cancellations, and events.

question

What does HIPAA stand for?

answer

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.

question

When reporting responsiveness, EMS providers should use _______________ to avoid less clear descriptors.

answer

AVPU

question

For a hypoglycemic patient, when is it appropriate to give oral glucose, juice, or non-diet soda?

answer

If the patient is alert enough to sit unsupported, follow commands, and drink without assistance.

question

When is aspirin contraindicted for an MI patient?

answer

Recent GI bleed and known allergy.

question

According to NYS BLS protocol, the administration of nitroglycerin for chest pain is indicated if the adult patient's BP is than _____mmHg.

answer

120

question

According to NYS BLS protocol, a maximum of ____ total doses of nitroglycerin can be given without medical direction to adult chest pain patients.

answer

3

question

When is it appropriate to actively rewarm frostbite in the field?

answer

The patient does not need to walk further and there will be a transport greater than 30 minutes,

question

For a genrealized hypothermia patient, pulse checks should last at least _____ before CPR is started.

answer

30-45 seconds

question

If severe hypothermia is present, can defibrillation be performed?

answer

Give a mximum of three shocks, but withhold drugs.

question

Your patient acutely developed a high grade fever, has a muffled voice, stridor, and drooling. You should suspect:

answer

Epiglottitis (bacterial)

question

Your patient has been ill for the last few days with coldlike symptoms, a barky cough, and a low grade fever. He woke at 3:00am with severe symptoms. You suspect:

answer

Croup (viral)

question

Ideally, a BVM used for emergency situations should:

answer

Be self-inflating, have no a pop-off valve, and have an anatomically shaped, clear mask.

question

List signs of respiratory failure in children:

answer

increased respiratory eefort with retractions, breathing less than 10 per minute, head bobbing, grunting, accessory muscle use, absent or shallow chest wall movement, limp muscle tone, altered mental status, slow or absent heart rate, poor skin perfusion, and altered mental status.

question

Sings of impending cardiac arrest in a pediatric patient are:

answer

Altered mental status, bradycardia, and cyanosis.

question

For a heat exhaustion patient, when is it appropriate to give fluids orally?

answer

Consious and not nauseated, and able to drink without assistance.

question

What position should a nauseated patient be transported in?

answer

left lateral recumbent.

question

If your choking patient becomes unconsious, you should:

answer

Begin CPR

question

Your pediatric patient choked on a small toy peice. He is conscious, but has labored breathing and stridor. You should:

answer

Monitor closely and transport in the position of comfort with blowby oxygen administration as tolerated.

question

For a patient who has ingested a poison, you should contact:

answer

Medical Direction (Poison Control can not give treatment orders to EMS providers.)

question

Before an advanced airway is placed, during CPR the adult patient should be ventilated every ____-____ seconds to a rate of _____-_____ breaths per minute.

answer

5-6 seconds (10-12 bpm)

question

After an advanced airway is placed, the adult patient should be ventilated every ____-____ seconds to a rate of _____ - _____ breaths per minute.

answer

6-8 seconds (8-10 bpm)

question

During rescue breathing, each breath should be given over:

answer

1 second.

question

The primary advantage of a nasopharyngeal airway is:

answer

that it can be used in a patient who has an intact gag reflex.

question

BVM's must have a volume of at least _____mL for newborns and infants.

answer

500 (Child BVM)

question

For infants and children, ventilations should be delviered every ____-____ seconds once an advanced airway is in place.

answer

6-8 (8-10 breaths per minute)

question

When an advanced airway is in place you should not pause compressions for ventilations. True or False

answer

True

question

Which should occur first: Turn on the AED or Attach the AED patches

answer

Turn on the AED

question

For EMT's, a maximum of ___ defibrillations should occur before beginning transport.

answer

3

question

You are at a local elementary school at an event, off duty, when a child collapses in sudden cardiac arrest. An AED is available, but it does not have pediatric patches, you should:

answer

Ensure quality CPR and use the adult patches to assess for a shockable rhythm.

question

The time goal for recognition of stroke symptoms until time of arrival at a stroke center is ____ hours.

answer

2

question

Skin exposed to chemicals should be flushed for at least ____ minutes.

answer

20

question

Burn patients with burns less than _____ % can be treated with moistened dressings for comfort.

answer

10% (NYS protocol)

question

An open fracture is

answer

any open wound near a suspected bone injury.

question

When can a limb be manually aligned using traction prior to splinting?

answer

severe long bone deformity, distal extremity cyanosis, loss of distal pulses. Dislocations should only be repositioned if distal cyanosis and loss of distal pulses occurs.

question

When is extremity traction contraindicated?

answer

Injury close to the knee, hip, or pelvis, partial amputation or avulsion with bone separation, and injury to the lower leg or ankle.

question

Trauma Field Traige decisions are based first on:

answer

Vital signs and presenting injuries.

question

Adult trauma patients with a respiratory rates less than ____ or greater than ____ should be transported to the trauma center.

answer

10 or 29

question

Chemical burns to the eyes must be irrigated for a minimum of _____ minutes.

answer

20

question

For eyes injuries you should bandage (the injured eye/both eyes)

answer

Both eyes to reduce sympathetic eye movement.

question

Your patient is on a NRB at 12 lpm. The reservoir fully collapses with each breath the patient takes. You should:

answer

Increase the flow to 15 lpm.

question

You can assume the patient is hypoperfusing with a BP less than 90mmHG if what clinical signs are present:

answer

loss of peripheral pulses and altered mental status

question

According to NYS protocol, PASG is indicated when:

answer

The systolic BP is less than 50 mmHg, or the patient has an unstable pelvis with a BP less 90 mmHg.

question

PASG is contraindicated if the patient has:

answer

pulmonary edema, penetrating chest trauma,unilaterally decreased breath sounds,has cardiac related problems, or is a pediatric patient.

question

When can PASG be deflated?

answer

PASG cannot be deflated in the field without medical direction.

question

Ventilations should be provided if an infants heart rate is less than ______bpm.

answer

100

question

CPR should be started if an infants heart rate is less than _____bpm.

answer

60

question

If a newborn infant's respiratory rate is depressed and central cyanosis is present you should:

answer

Position and stimulate the baby, suction the mouth and nose as needed, and begin ventilations if there is no clinical improvement.

question

When is it appropriate to insert sterile gloved hand/fingers into the vagina during childbirth?

answer

Breech birth that is not progressing and prolapsed umbilical cord.

question

Medical direction must be contacted before an EMT can administer nebulized albuterol to a patient with a medical history of:

answer

angina, MI, dysrhythmias, or CHF.

question

Nebulized albuterol is administered with an O2 flow rate of:

answer

4-6 LPM.

question

Your patient has a GCS of 14. He is refusing to go to the hospital despite being told that he may have serious internal injuries due to the mechanism of injury he sustained. You should:

answer

Request police and contact medical direction. GCS must be 15 to be considered mentally competent to refuse care.

question

Your patient has hemophilia fell from a ladder. On your arrival his wife is preparing to administer an infusion of his prescribing clotting factor concentrate. You should:

answer

Allow her to proceed, and contact medical control if transport may be delayed.

question

Hyperventilation causes a _____ in CO2 levels whcih in turn causes the blood vessels of the brain to _______________.

answer

decrease, constrict

question

Moderate hyperventilation has what effect on brain swelling?

answer

Decreases swelling due to the primary injury.

question

Excessive hyperventilation can lead to cerebral _________________.

answer

Cerebral hypoxemia due to excessive cerebral vasoconstriction.

question

A single episode of ______________________ or ________________________ significantly increases moratility due to head trauma.

answer

hypoxia, hypotension

question

Cushing's triad indicates

answer

increased intracranial pressure

question

Cushing's triad consists of:

answer

Increased systolic BP, decreased heart rate, and abnormal respirations.

question

Colormetric CO2 detectors turn ________ when CO2 is exhaled, confirming the ET tube is in the trachea.

answer

Yellow

question

During CPR, your patinet has an ETCO2 of 8. You should:

answer

Assure high quality CPR is being performed.

question

During CPR, your patient's ETCO2 rapidly changes from 12 to 20mmHg. You should:

answer

Assess for return of spontaneous circulation. (ROSC)

question

Pediatric AED patches are designed for use on children ________ years of age.

answer

1-8

question

For patient's with potential tuberculosis, the most appropriate BSI includes:

answer

Gloves and a #M sub-micron molded surgical mask

question

Potential infectious disease exposures must be reported to you agencies:

answer

Infection Control Officer.

question

According to NYS policy, who can consent to or refuse medical care for themself:

answer

Any person who is 18 years of age, or is pregnant or the parent of a child, or who has married

question

What is the Abandoned Infant Protection Act

answer

It grants immunity to anyone abandoning an infant (5 days old or less) at a safe place. This can be done anonymously, and requires that someone is immediately notified of where the baby was left.

question

How long does an EMS provider have to submit written documentation of suspected child abuse or neglect?

answer

48 hours (The verbal report to the NYS Child Abuse and Maltreatment Register should be made immediately after transferring care to the ED.)

question

Airborn disease protection requires the use of:

answer

#M sub-micron molded surgical mask (Ex N95), and plaing a surgical mask on the patient unless the patient is on O2 via mask

question

Droplet protection requires:

answer

disposable gown, gloves, googles and mask when within 6.5 feet of the patient.

question

Common droplet spead infections disease

answer

Measles, mumps, chicken pox, meningitis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, common cold, influenza

question

The antidote for nerve agents is:

answer

Atropine first, then prallidozime (2-PAM), this is the Mark I Kit

question

What PPE is required for nerve agents:

answer

SCBA, goggles, gloves made of viton, nitrile, or neoprene, and protective coveralls or aprons.

question

What does SLUDGEM stand for

answer

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI upset, emesis, miosis/muscle (twitching, spasm, \"bag of worms\")

question

If severe signs and symptoms of nerve agent exposure are presnt, how many Mark I Kits should be administered?

answer

3 in rapid succession

question

As children grow older their heart rate becomes ___________ and there BP __________.

answer

HR slower, BP increases

NYS EMT Exam Comprehensive Review

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