Nutrition Midterm- ch. 6 – Flashcards
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The action of hydrochloric acid in the stomach on protein results in ________ . a. condensation b. increased alkalinity c. denaturation d. decreased enzyme activity e. secretion of amylase
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c. denaturation
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The value of a protein in a diet is determined four of the following factors. The exception is ________ . a. digestibility b. amino acid composition c. amount of food d. quality e. comparison with a reference protein
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c. amount of food
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A person who regularly eats a high - protein diet needs to make sure they ________ . a. exercise before eating protein b. drink highly acidic fruit juices c. supplement their diet with iron d. get a lot of sleep e. drink plenty of water
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e. drink plenty of water
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The process of messenger RNA being made from a template of DNA is known as ________ . a. translation b. interception c. interpretation d. condensation e. transcription
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e. transcription
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What best describes the structure of pepsin? a. Nucleic acid b. Sterol c. Carbohydrate d. Lipid e. Protein
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e. Protein
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Excessive amounts of homocysteine in the blood are thought to increase the risk for ____. a. diabetes b. heart disease c. cancer d. protein-energy malnutrition e. hypothyroidism
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b. heart disease
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Which animal-derived protein is classified as a poor-quality protein? a. Cheese b. Turkey c. Fish d. Gelatin e. Fatty fish
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d. Gelatin
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Which statement describe a relationship between protein/amino acids and heart disease? a. High blood levels of the amino acid arginine are a risk factor for atherosclerosis. b. Substituting soy protein for animal protein raises blood cholesterol levels. c. High levels of homocysteine in food promote elevation of blood low-density lipoproteins. d. Elevated blood homocysteine levels are associated with smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. e. High blood levels of phenylalanine dampen inflammatory responses, reducing risk of heart disease.
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d. Elevated blood homocysteine levels are associated with smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol.
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Urea is the body's principal vehicle for excreting unused ________ . a. nitrogen b. amino acids c. proteins d. bile e. water
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a. nitrogen
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What is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain? a. Condensation b. Hydrogenation c. Hydrolysis d. Denaturation e. Digestion
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d. Denaturation
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Evidence suggests cancer of the colon, pancreas, and ovaries is connected with high consumption of ________ . a. enriched white bread b. red beans and rice c. soy protein d. eggs, milk, and cheese e. red meat and processed meats
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e. red meat and processed meats
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Which item is a nonessential amino acid in human nutrition? a. Threonine b. Tryptophan c. Proline d. Methionine e. Phenylalanine
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c. Proline
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Whey protein is a waste product from the manufacturing of ________ . a. cheese b. cured meats c. preservatives d. enriched wheat bread e. artificial flavors
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a. cheese
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Essential amino acids are those that ________ . a. only unhealthy adults need b. the body does not make in sufficient amounts, so they must be included in the diet c. only unhealthy children need d. the body makes in sufficient amounts, so no supplementation is necessary e. are secreted in order to digest food
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b. the body does not make in sufficient amounts, so they must be included in the diet
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What digestive enzyme would be most affected in people who are unable to produce hydrochloric acid? a. Pepsin b. Salivary protease c. Intestinal peptidase d. Transaminase e. Pancreatic protease
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a. Pepsin
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What type of reaction is required to bind two molecules of glycine together and release a molecule of water? a. Hydrolysis b. Condensation c. Deamination d. Transnaturation e. Denaturation
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b. Condensation
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The digestibility of most animal proteins is ________ . a. 70 - 80% b. less than 60% c. 90 - 99% d. 60 - 70% e. 80 - 90%
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c. 90 - 99%
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An ounce of most protein foods delivers about ________ . a. 3 grams of protein b. 15 grams of protein c. 10 grams of protein d. 1 gram of protein e. 7 grams of protein
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e. 7 grams of protein
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What amino acid supplement has been advertised in the popular media for treating herpes infections? a. Arginine b. Methionine c. Phenylalanine d. Tryptophan e. Lysine
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e. Lysine
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A common genetic variation which causes a change in the amino acid sequence in the structure of hemoglobin leads to the disease ____. a. diabetes b. marasmus c. phenylketonuria d. hemolytic anemia e. sickle-cell anemia
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e. sickle-cell anemia
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What percentage of total food energy should protein provide? a. 10 - 35% b. 30% c. 5 - 10% d. 40 - 50% e. 20%
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a. 10 - 35%
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What substance converts the inactive pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin? a. amino acid b. protein c. amylase d. hydrochloric acid e. glycine
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d. hydrochloric acid
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Which substance is involved in the clotting of blood? a. Fibrin b. Opsin c. Collagen d. Thyroxin e. Transferrin
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a. Fibrin
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In general, the protein quality of legumes would be most improved by the addition of a plant protein rich in ____. a. Tyrosine b. glutamic acid c. Lysine d. methionine e. phenylalanine
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d. methionine
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The condition that occurs when the diet provides too little protein is known as ________ . a. protein - energy malnutrition b. anemia c. cachexia d. amino acid deficiency e. protein absorption syndrome
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a. protein - energy malnutrition
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Dietary restriction of phenylalanine combined with adequate tyrosine is the usual treatment for people born with the disorder ____. a. ALC b. DNA c. NLM d. BHA e. PKU
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e. PKU
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What function does a buffer perform? a. It helps emulsify fats. b. It facilitates chemical reactions. c. It prevents degradation of proteins. d. It helps maintain a constant pH. e. It helps protect against plaque buildup.
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d. It helps maintain a constant pH.
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What is the simplest amino acid? a. lysine b. glutamine c. glycine d. tyrosine e. cysteine
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c. glycine
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The average life span of a skin cell is about ________ . a. 7 weeks b. 15 days c. 30 days d. 60 days e. 45 days
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c. 30 days
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Approximately how much urea (g) can be produced daily by the average adult? a. 250 g b. 50 g c. 5 g d. 500 g e. 100 g
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a. 250 g
