Nutrition final questions – Flashcards

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question
Which of the following situations might lead a health-care provider to consider testing for diabetes?
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Frequent infections that are slow to respond to treatment
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When teaching a client to read labels, the nurse would instruct a client that products labeled "low sodium" must contain less than how many milligrams of sodium per serving?
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140mg
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The 2000-kilocalorie DASH diet recommends which of the following as daily intake?
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4 to 5 servings of fruits
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Clients with chronic heart failure are likely to receive which type of diet?
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Sodium restricted
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The classic triad of symptoms of diabetes includes all except:
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Polycythemia
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Which of the following groups of seasonings is permitted on a sodium-restricted diet?
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Bay leaves, curry powder, and lemon extract
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The following is true about the medication acarbose (Precose) except
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It should be taken on an empty stomach
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Which of the following values for a fasting blood sugar (FBS) is a normal range?
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70 to 110 mg/dL
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Omega-3 fatty acids contribute to cardiovascular health by lowering triglyceride levels and reducing platelet aggregation. Good sources of these fatty acids are:
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Herring, salmon, and rainbow trout
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Which of the following is classified as a starch exchange as opposed to a vegetable exchange?
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Corn
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Which of the following is a protective factor against heart disease
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HDL
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Which of the following statements best summarizes the dietary treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia?
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Because all hyperlipoproteinemias are not the same, neither are the dietary treatments
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Which of the statements about insulin is true?
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It cannot be administered orally
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Which of the following foods would a nurse identify as being highest in sodium?
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Canned carrots, processed cheddar cheese, and Canadian bacon
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A client with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus is at high risk for acidosis because of which of the following?
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The body cannot quickly metabolize the body fat that is broken down for energy.
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Which of the following blood pressure readings would the nurse identify as Stage 1?
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146/96
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Mr. J has read in the general press about the link between antioxidants and cardiovascular disease. Which of the following suggestions is the best advice to give him?
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Eat a generous amount of various fruits and vegetables
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Which of the following signs is a component of metabolic syndrome?
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Blood pressure
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Individuals receiving sodium-restricted diets should avoid drinking:
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softened water
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Which of the following substances transport cholesterol to the cells?
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Low-density lipoproteins
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Hyperglycemia may be caused by:
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Illness
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Which of the following is a vegetable exchange?
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1/2 cup chopped, cooked broccoli
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To prevent the development of ketosis, which nutrient should the nurse encourage?
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Carbohydrates
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A client with type 1 diabetes has to burn fats for energy, with a resulting buildup of which of the following in the blood?
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Ketones
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After reviewing information about type 1 diabetes, additional review is needed when the client states which of the following?
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Weight reduction is always an important part of therapy
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Which of the following hormones acts to lower blood sugar?
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Insulin
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Which of the following risk factors for cardiovascular disease is changeable?
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Hypertension
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An exercise program helps in the control of blood glucose levels by:
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Increasing the number of insulin receptors on muscle fibers
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Which of the following laboratory tests will reflect blood sugar levels over a 3- to 4-month period?
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glycosylated hemoglobin
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Sick Day Guidelines include all except the following:
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Discontinuing all medications
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The self-treatment for diarrhea in healthy adults includes which of the following?
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avoid very hot, very cold, and caffeine-containing beverages
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Renal clients may have to control dietary intake of total kilocalories, protein, potassium, sodium, and fluid. The exact diet prescription may change over time because of:
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Changes in client's clinical condition and treatment approach
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Which of the following dietary modifications is suggested for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
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Planning small, frequent meals that include protein
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After teaching a client about the functions of the kidney, the nurse determines that more teaching is needed when the client states which of the following as a function?
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Synthesis of bile
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A client with acute colitis will probably be prescribed which type of diet?
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low fiber
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A client with alcoholism and cirrhosis of the liver is admitted after 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. The physician orders a hydrating solution of 5% dextrose in water intravenously. If thiamin is not included in that order, the nurse should inquire about it because:
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Intravenous glucose without thiamin in the cirrhosis client can precipitate the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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The client with dumping syndrome should be taught to:
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lie down after meals
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To reduce the risk of gallstones, clients could be advised to:
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Eat breakfast
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Clients with potassium restrictions may be instructed to do all the following procedures except:
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use salt substitutes only after cooking
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Which of the following would the nurse identify as a least likely cause of renal disease?
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Excessive fluid intake
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The systemic effects of the dumping syndrome are:
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Weakness, sweating and hypotension
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Which of the following foods may have precipitated an attack of gout and consequently may need to be avoided by the client?
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Gravy, liver, and oil-packed sardines
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Growth failure in children treated with dialysis can be combated with three of the following suggestions. Which of the following items would be ill advised?
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Serving the children alone so their restricted diets are less apparent
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A client with which of the following conditions is likely to be given pancreatic enzymes (pancrelipase) before meals?
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Cystic fibrosis
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Clients who have had resection of which of the following are vulnerable to vitamin B12 deficiency?
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Ilium
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Dialysis clients may receive supplemental amount of which of the following because of the inability of the diseased kidney to activate this vitamin.
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Vitamin D
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Most renal clients need to avoid salt substitutes because they often contain:
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Potassium
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Nutrients especially needed by surgical clients include protein, vitamins C and K, and zinc. Protein is necessary to build scar tissue and to:
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Control edema in the wound
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Which of the following practices should be avoided to prevent traveler's diarrhea?
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Buying foods from street vendors
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Which of the following are high in potassium?
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Baked potatoes
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Which of the following items is associated with tightening the cardiac sphincter?
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Protein
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Clients with hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver are likely to consume their best intake at:
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Breakfast
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Ms. P is a 78-year-old resident of a home for the aged where independence is the norm. She is being taught a diet for hiatal hernia. Selection of which of the following foods indicates that she understands the instructions?
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Skim milk, canned carrots, and lean roast pork
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Mr. S is being treated for renal calculi. The first priority for teaching self-care to this client is to:
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increase fluid intake
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Clients with kidney stones are usually advised to:
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Drink 3 liters of fluid per day
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When diet modification is advisable, the client with cholecystitis will most likely require which type of diet?
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Low-fat
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Compared with renal failure clients who are not on dialysis, clients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) require:
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More dietary protein
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Renal functions can____________________ be assumed by another organ.
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not
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Gout is:
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A hereditary metabolic disease
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Obesity is most clearly linked to which of the following cancers?
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Postenopausal breast
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Critical care patients with normal renal and liver function need at least ____ grams of protein per kg of ideal or actual body weight
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1.2 to 2.0
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In addition to cooking beef or pork in a microwave oven, using which of the following would be effective in minimizing metallic tastes.
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Glass Utensils
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Alcohol intake has been convincingly linked to which of the following sites of cancer occurrence?
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Breast
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Refeeding syndrome can be fatal because of:
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Redistribution of minerals between extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments
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Which of the following is not an adaptive response of the body to uncomplicated starvation?
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Heightened awareness
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Which of the following items is suggested as an additive for a client with a poor appetite to increase the nutritional value of regular foods?
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Dry skim milk
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A person with burns over 55% of his or her body has a stress factor of 2. This means that he or she requires:
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200% of the usual resting energy expenditure
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Commercially prepared enteral solutions are preferred to homemade feeding for cancer patients because:
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The commercially prepared solutions are less subject to contamination than a homemade feeding.
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Wasting of the body seen in some chronic diseases such as AIDS, cancer, malaria, and tuberculosis is called
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Cachexia
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Atrophy of the respiratory muscles associated with ventilator use is an example of:
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Disuse syndrome
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A temporary stoppage of peristalsis along with signs and symptoms of a bowel obstruction is called paralytic ____.
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Ileus
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Red and processed meat intake are related to increased risk of which types of cancer?
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Colon and prostate
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Some evidence suggests which of the following vegetables are specifically protective against cancer?
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Green beans and spinach
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Predictive equations are used to determine a client's ____ goal.
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Kilocalorie
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The production of glucose from noncarbohydrate body sources, such as glycerol from adipose tissue and amino acids from muscle tissue, is called:
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Gluconeogenesis
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A client with cancer is experiencing difficulty swallowing. When teaching the client to make the process a conscious action, which of the following would the nurse instruct the client to do first?
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Inhale
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The most extreme state of stress a client can sustain is a burn. Kilocalorie need in this situation depends which of the following?
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Body surface area involved
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Experts advocate the following when refeeding a malnourished client:
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Correcting any electrolyte imbalances before aggressive nutritional therapy is begun
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The term for cancer of the epithelial tissue, such as the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, is:
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Carcinoma
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Which of the following food items act as lubricants for the person with swallowing difficulty?
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Butter, cheese sauce, and gravy
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A client with cancer suffers from early satiety. Which of the following interventions is recommended to increase his or her food intake?
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Offering six small meals
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Which of the following foods is likely to be well received by a cancer client with mouth ulcerations?
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Pasteurized eggnog
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A client with cancer has painful lesions in his or her mouth. Which of the following snack items is most likely to be well tolerated?
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Chocolate milk
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Ms. J is an alcoholic who has previously reported that she has not eaten "food" for at least the past 3 months. She stated that her sole source of kilocalories had been in the form of alcohol. The physician has ordered a high-kilocalorie, high-protein diet. Ms. J has eaten 100% of the three high-kilocalorie, high-protein meals received thus far. While reviewing her laboratory reports, the nurse notices her serum phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium values are decreased. The nurse should:
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Contact the client's physician and notify him or her of the recently obtained laboratory values
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The wasting that occurs in some cancer clients is attributed to:
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Alteration in the body's metabolism produced by the tumor
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Regarding the connection between methods of cooking meat and the risk of cancer, which of the following statements is true?
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Individuals have genetic differences in enzymes that influence the activation of carcinogens.
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Studies have shown that which amount of vitamin C along with zinc and arginine helps improve the rate of pressure ulcer healing?
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500 mg
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Providing drinking straws is most appropriate for the client with which of the following problems?
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Oral ulcerations
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To maximize food intake when a cancer client suffers from nausea and vomiting, the nurse should:
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Administer antiemetic and analgesic drugs as needed
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Which of the following is characterized by increasing abdominal girth, decreasing fat mass in the extremities and face, the advent of a "buffalo hump," and breast enlargement?
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Lipodystrophy
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The major nutrition-related problems in clients with AIDs are caused by:
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Gastrointestinal changes
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Every client with an HIV diagnosis should be educated about:
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Food safety
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A client has dyspnea and has read that caffeine helps break up and expel secretions. The client asks you for a recommendation. An appropriate response would be which of the following
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Caffeine is a bronchodilator, so it is correct..
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The goal of nutrition screening for the client under hospice care is which of the following?
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Identify food-related concerns
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Dryness of the mouth caused by an abnormal reduction in salivary secretion is:
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Xerostomia
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Thrush is caused by which of the following?
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Fungus
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Which of the following would be least indicative of approaching death?
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Polyuria and incontinence
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Which of the following foods is sometimes helpful in repopulating the intestine, which has had its normal flora disrupted by antibiotic therapy
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Active cultures of yogurt
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Many foods taste bitter to a client. Which of the following suggestions would be expected to help alleviate this problem?
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Using glass cooking utensils
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Which of the following would be considered a suitable range for blood glucose in the hospice population?
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127 to 309 mg/dL
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Which of the following roles is most important in the care of a terminally ill client?
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Client advocate
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Ms. D has been under the care of hospice for 4 months. For the past few days she has taken only one-fourth of her usual food. Her caregiver is greatly concerned. What advice would be least appropriate?
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"Be firm like a parent and insist that she increase her intake."
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Ms. L is actively dying and has refused oral intake. Her caregiver is concerned. Which of the following responses would be the most helpful to the caregiver?
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"Dehydration is not painful and eases the passage from life. Offer sips of fluid upon request."
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An assessment question about fat in the diet of a terminally ill client is appropriate if the client has complained about:
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Steatorrhea
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The most plausible explanation for the increased incidence and high prevalence of HIV in the African population is:
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A genetic mutation that originally evolved to protect against malaria
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Mr. W, a hospice client, wishes to treat his anemia so he will not feel so fatigued. Which of the following would be least appropriate to suggest?
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Citrus fruits with every meal
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A client is complaining of pruritus. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?
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Severe itching
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Dietary modifications for clients with AIDS are based on:
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Individualized assessment
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The goal of palliative nutritional care for the terminally ill client is to do which of the following?
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Alleviate discomfort and relieve symptoms.
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Ms. N is a hospice client who has had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) for many years. The visiting nurse instructs the caregiver to feed Ms. N 30 to 50 g of carbohydrate every 3 hours:
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To prevent starvation ketosis
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Which of the following factors frequently contributes to nutrient malabsorption in the client with AIDS?
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Mucosal atrophy and decreased digestive enzyme action
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The nurse is working with a client experiencing migraine headaches. When discussing possible triggers, which of the following would the nurse be least likely to include?
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Overeating
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Which of the following snacks would most likely be tolerated by a client with oral thrush?
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Flavored yogurt
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In some states, a charge of ____ can be brought if a client is fed artificially against his or her wishes.
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Battery
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Ms. N is a hospice client who has had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) for many years. The visiting nurse asks the client and caregiver to relate the client's history of clinical signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. The nurse is concerned because of which of the following reasons?
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Often no signs and symptoms of impending coma are shown because of epinephrine deficiency
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If a lactose-free diet is required, the client will receive limited amounts of:
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Milk and yogurt
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After teaching a group of nurses about the signs of approaching death, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the group identifies which of the following as a sign?
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Decreased verbalization
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A client with AIDS has returned to his family's home for care. The caregiver asks for advice about foods to offer the client. Which of the following is the best answer to give?
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"A well-balanced, varied diet is best unless he develops intolerances to foods."
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Which of the following would be most appropriate to suggest to a client with hiccups?
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Swallowing a teaspoonful of granulated sugar
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Many foods taste bitter to a client. Which of the following suggestions would be expected to help alleviate this problem?
answer
Using glass cooking utensils
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