Nutrition: chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health-promoting properties are _
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phytochemicals
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Making varied choices both from the different food groups and from within each food group is important because nutrients and other food components interact. T OR F
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true
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Dietary supplements provide nutrients and all the other benefits of food. T OR F
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false
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With the exception of _______, all the classes of nutrients are involved in forming and maintaining the body's structure.
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vitamins
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In nutrition, the scientific method is used to: develop nutrient recommendations. learn about the role of nutrition in promoting health and preventing disease. understand the functions of nutrients. all of these choices.
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all of these choices
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Typically, less processed foods have lower nutrient density. T OR F
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false
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Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all organic compounds that provide energy to the body. T OR F
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true
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Water, vitamins, and minerals do not provide energy. T OR F
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true
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Reliable nutrition information and current dietary recommendations are based on results of scientific, peer-reviewed research. T OR F
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true
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Dietary supplements can be a source of nutrients and calories. T OR F
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false
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Some nutrient deficiencies occur quickly, whereas others take more time to develop. Which of the following nutrient deficiencies are listed in the order reflecting most quickly to least quickly? Answers: Dehydration, osteoporosis, scurvy Scurvy, dehydration, osteoporosis Osteoporosis, dehydration, scurvy Dehydration, scurvy, osteoporosis
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Dehydration, scurvy, osteoporosis
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Which would be best described as an emotional or psychologically-driven food choice? Answers: Eating chocolate or ice cream after a bad day at work Eating corn on the cob when in season Eating ethnic foods you ate as a child Eating foods specific to religious practices
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Eating chocolate or ice cream after a bad day at work
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Ethan achieves his recommended intake of vegetables by eating a large baked potato every day. Which principle is he not achieving?
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variety
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All of the following are examples of lipids except Answers: cholesterol. saturated fat. sugars. unsaturated fat.
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sugars
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If you know you are going to order dessert at dinner tonight, which of these choices would illustrate the concept of balancing your choices? Answers: Choosing a salad with fat-free salad dressing for lunch Eating a big lunch as you will 'blow' your diet tonight anyway Skipping breakfast All of these illustrate balance.
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Choosing a salad with fat-free salad dressing for lunch
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Dehydration can cause symptoms in a matter of hours. T OR F
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true
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The observations and hypotheses that arise from epidemiology can be tested using
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clinical trials
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Which of the following statements about proteins is false? Answers: Dietary protein from animal sources better matches the amino acid needs of humans compared to dietary protein derived from plants sources. Proteins are composed of amino acids. Proteins are made of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Proteins differ based on the combinations of amino acids used in each type of protein.
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Proteins are made of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.
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A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation or scientific problem that can be tested through experimentation. T OR F
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true
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All of the following are macronutrients except Answers: carbohydrate. lipids. protein. vitamins.
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vitamins
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The unit of measure that is used in nutrition science that expresses the amount of energy provided by a food is a(n)
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calorie
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Which of the following is not a peer-reviewed journal? Answers: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition The International Journal of Sport Nutrition The Journal of the American Dietetic Association Men's Health
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Men's Health
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All six classes of nutrients play important roles in regulating body processes. T OR F
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true
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______ are studies that explore the effects of altering people's diets.
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clinical trials
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After a nutrition experiment is completed, a report describing the project is read, analyzed, and evaluated by two or more researchers who were not involved in the research study. Before the article is published, they examine it to ensure that the experiment was not flawed and that the results were interpreted correctly. This process is called
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peer review
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Making varied choices both from the different food groups and from within each food group is important because nutrients and other food components interact. T OR F
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true
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Food provides sensory pleasure and helps to meet our emotional needs. T OR F
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true
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A registered dietitian is a nutrition professional who Answers: has earned at least a bachelor degree in a nutrition-related field. has met national certification requirements to provide nutrition education. is an excellent source of credible nutrition information. a registered dietitian is all of these.
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a registered dietitian is all of these.
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Foods that have health-promoting and/or disease-preventing properties beyond basic nutritional functions are called
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functional foods.
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Of the foods in this visual, which are lower nutrient-dense choices?
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fats and oils
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Which is NOT an example of moderation in your diet and lifestyle? Answers: Going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like best Eating dessert occasionally Balancing an extra dessert with extra exercise Sharing a restaurant entrée or dessert with your dinner companion
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Going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like best
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Nutrigenomics explores the interaction between genetic variation and nutrition. T OR F
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true
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which of the following represents the correct order of steps of the scientific method? Answers: Conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, form a theory, make an observation Develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, make an observation, form a theory Form a theory, conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, make an observation Make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory
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Make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory
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A deficient intake of ___________ is known to produce scurvy.
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vitamin c
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All six classes of nutrients play important roles in regulating body processes. T OR F
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true
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Alcohol, although it is not a nutrient because it is not needed for life, provides about 7 calories per gram. T OR F
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true
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When judging nutrition information, which is the least important factor? Answers: How many people authored the study report How the study was funded The design of the study What type of literature the study was published in
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How many people authored the study report
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The top three causes of death in the US include stroke, cancer, and heart disease. All of these conditions are thought to be exacerbated by
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obesity
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Which of the following is the best definition of essential nutrients? Answers: Nutrients a person must consume to build muscle Nutrients a person must consume in the diet to maintain health Nutrients that should be taken as supplements Nutrients that are provided by animal foods only
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Nutrients a person must consume in the diet to maintain health
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The term "calorie" is used in nutrition to mean the
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amount of energy a food item provides when eaten.
