question

Anyone who eats a meal high in salt can temporarily increase the body's water content.

answer

True

question

High salt intakes among Asian people have been linked with their high rates of stomach cancer.

answer

True

question

After about 25 years of age, regardless of calcium intake, bones begin to lose density.

answer

False

question

The bioavailability of calcium in calcium-fortified orange juice is comparable to that of milk.

answer

True

question

A deficiency of sodium is not harmful.

answer

False

question

Whether a person develops osteoporosis seems to depend partly on heredity and partly on the environment, including nutrition.

answer

True

question

Authorities recommend foods as a source of calcium in preference to calcium supplements.

answer

True

question

How much water and fluid beverages (in cups) should a man consume each day, under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet?

answer

13

question

The chlorination of water is of concern because:

answer

deaths from organisms in untreated water are high in other parts of the world.

question

Is there a possibility of harm to the body in healthy people with high intakes of iron?

answer

no, because the body adjusts the amount of iron absorbed

question

Chromium works closely with:

answer

insulin

question

The first sign of dehydration is:

answer

thirst

question

The best way to obtain the calcium you need is to:

answer

consume more milk, cheese, and yogurt.

question

Which of the following would be the best selection to provide good sources of calcium in the diet?

answer

milk, yogurt, and ice milk

question

Which of the following ethnic groups has the highest bone density?

answer

Africans

question

When trying to get adequate iron intake in your diet it is helpful to:

answer

combine vitamin C foods with non-heme iron to increase absorption.

question

Which of the following groups absorbs the least amount of calcium?

answer

adults

question

A person is consuming 1000 mg a day of sodium preservatives in processed foods along with 2000 milligrams of added salt from the salt shaker on his foods. Is this less than the UL for sodium established by the DRI committee?

answer

yes, 1800 total milligrams of sodium is within the UL

question

Magnesium is an important mineral that works with calcium in the body to:

answer

help muscles contract and relax.

question

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?

answer

calcium

question

What effect does zinc deficiency have on the body?

answer

it impairs the immune response, leading to increased infections

question

A person's absorption of calcium varies based on:

answer

a and b age; vitamin D status

question

Which of the following stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay?

answer

fluoride

question

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the body's need for water?

answer

too much plain water consumption can cause a dangerous condition known as water intoxication

question

A friend informs you that she is planning to purchase a water softener. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate for you to make to your friend?

answer

Soft water appears to aggravate hypertension and heart disease, which is undesirable.

question

If a person has a deficient intake of calcium in the diet, what will be the result?

answer

no change in levels of calcium in the blood because calcium will be pulled from the bones

question

Which of the following foods provides the highest amount of zinc?

answer

shellfish

question

When you eat pizza, the body will respond to the high sodium intake in the ingredients by:

answer

shifting water back into the bloodstream to reduce the sodium concentration.

question

Which of the following agencies is responsible for ensuring that public water systems meet minimum standards for protection of public health?

answer

Environmental Protection Agency

question

Calcium in the body's fluids performs all of the following major roles except:

answer

helps maintain normal blood glucose.

question

Which of the following is not characteristic of water?

answer

It is a universal solvent.

question

It is critical for body cells to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance by:

answer

having water move from dilute fluid outside the cell into concentrated fluid.

question

Which of the following is true about groundwater as a drinking water supply?

answer

it comes from deep, protected underground aquifers

question

Which of the following helps prevent changes in the acid-base balance of body fluids?

answer

a and c proteins; mineral salts

question

Water intake is governed by:

answer

a and c thirst; satiety

question

The more processed a food:

answer

a and b the more sodium it contains; the less potassium it contains

question

When your body gives the thirst signal it is important to:

answer

drink fluids to relieve the symptoms of dehydration.

question

Water assists in:

answer

a and b temperature regulation; shock protection

question

Which of the following is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?

answer

potassium

question

Which of the following impairs iron absorption?

answer

a and b tea; phytates

question

Which of the following would you look for on the label of bottled water to signify safety?

answer

a trademark of the International Bottled Water Association

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

The bones begin to lose density after 40 years of age regardless of calcium intake.

question

The best source of phosphorus is:

answer

animal protein

question

Your best friend complains that she is tired all of the time and has a problem concentrating. In addition, she likes to chew ice. Which of the following is your friend likely to have?

answer

iron deficiency

question

Hard water has high concentrations of:

answer

b and c calcium; magnesium

question

What would you tell someone who is considering taking chromium supplements?

answer

no benefit for reducing body fat has been seen with chromium supplements

question

Which of the following must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized?

answer

iodine

question

For women and men in the 19- to 50-year-old range, the calcium DRI is _____ milligrams.

answer

1000

question

Phosphorus is critical to the acid-base balance in cells because of its role in:

answer

creating buffers to maintain the correct pH.

question

Low blood selenium correlates with development of:

answer

prostate cancer.

question

The strongest genetic influence on the development of osteoporosis is:

answer

the maximum bone mass that can be attained during growth.

question

Calcium absorption declines in the elderly because:

answer

b and c older people tend to lose lean body mass.; many elderly people get inadequate sun exposure.

question

Sulfate is adequate in a diet that contains sufficient:

answer

protein

question

The principal food source of chloride is:

answer

salt

question

The DRI iron intake recommendation is 8 mg/day for:

answer

b and c men; women 51 years or older

question

You are working with a child in a health clinic who has growth retardation, impaired immunity, and a poor appetite. This child is most likely experiencing _____ deficiency.

answer

chromium

question

Water excretion is regulated by the:

answer

a and b brain; kidneys

question

One of the health concerns with osteoporosis is that:

answer

it causes hip fractures that fragment into small pieces

question

How much sodium is consumed by a person who eats two grams of salt?

answer

800 mg

question

Which of the following minerals hardens and stabilizes the crystals of teeth and makes the enamel resistant to decay?

answer

fluoride

question

When a child has a virus that has caused vomiting and diarrhea over several days' time it is critical for her to receive medical care because:

answer

she may need help in replacing extreme fluid losses.

question

Copper is an essential nutrient because of its role in:

answer

helping to form hemoglobin and collagen.

question

Which is the most accurate statement about beverage consumption practices in the U.S.?

answer

the mild diuretic effect of a moderate intake of caffeinated beverages does not negatively impact meeting fluid needs

question

Which of the following foods provides the least amount of available zinc?

answer

legumes

question

Which of the following makes up about 60 percent of the body's weight?

answer

water

question

Which characteristic of water is represented by its ability to act as a lubricant?

answer

incompressibility

question

The most beneficial source of fluid for us to consume is:

answer

plain drinking water, because it is readily available.

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about calcium supplements for bone health?

answer

calcium-fortified orange juice provides an easily absorbed form of calcium

question

Which of the following would you consume with a food source of iron in order to facilitate iron absorption?

answer

tomato and meat, fish, or poultry

question

Many people today are drinking bottled water because they believe it is safer than tap water. Which of the following statements is accurate?

answer

at least a quarter of the bottled water is drawn directly from the tap

question

Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ milligrams per day of sodium.

answer

3400

question

Which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of water?

answer

margarine

question

During an exercise activity the body will cool down by:

answer

sweating to carry heat away from the surface of the body.

question

What is currently known about the benefits of fluoride in drinking water supplies?

answer

in communities where fluoride is lacking in the water there is a very high dental decay rate

question

Osteoporosis is most often associated with:

answer

underweight

question

Over half of the body's magnesium is stored in the:

answer

bones

question

Which of the following best describes the fluoride content of bottled water?

answer

unpredictable

question

A young woman wanting to build maximum bone density should do all of the following except:

answer

increase her intake of meat protein.

question

The chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells is:

answer

sodium

question

The DASH diet is more effective in reducing blood pressure than just decreasing sodium alone because it includes which of the following guidelines?

answer

greatly increase intakes of fruits and vegetables

question

Which of the following statements about selenium levels in the body is accurate?

answer

selenium works as an antioxidant to protect body chemicals from oxidative damage

question

Growing children and teens absorb about _____ percent of ingested calcium.

answer

60

question

What are the best beverages to drink?

answer

hard water because it has a high concentration of calcium and magnesium

question

Bone strength in later life depends on:

answer

the formation of dense bones during youth.

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