question

What would be a normal body weight after 1 year for a healthy infant with a birthweight of 8 lbs?

answer

24lbs

question

What is the typical weight gain (lbs) of an infant between the first and second year of life?

answer

10

question

What is the approximate energy requirement of infants, in calories per kilograms body weight?

answer

100

question

Infants showing symptoms of acidosis, dehydration, diarrhea, elevated blood ammonia and urea , and fever may be reacting to the nutritional problem of -

answer

protein overload

question

Which of the following is a feature of energy metabolism in infancy?

answer

Infants fed fat-free milk are at risk for protein overload

question

When expressed per kilogram body weight, the nutrient needs of infants are markedly higher than those of young adults for all of the following nutrients except

answer

iron

question

What organ in the infant uses more than half of the day's total energy intake ?

answer

Brain

question

What is the relative weight of an infant brain compared to an adult's brain?

answer

Six times as much

question

All of the following are features of nutrition and metabolism in infancy except

answer

the protein content in breast milk can be high enough to occasionally induce protein overload

question

The recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals for infants are based on

answer

average amounts ingested by thriving infants breastfed by well-nourished mothers

question

Which of the following is a feature of water in infancy?

answer

Much of the infant's body water content is located extracellulary

question

All of the following are characteristics of breastfeeding frequency and duration execpt

answer

more infrequent and short-duration feedings are preferable to stimulate lactation and bread-filling.

question

For optimal breast-feeding benefits, it is recommended that the infant be encouraged to suckle on each breast for about

answer

10-15 minutes

question

All of the following are features of breast milk composition except

answer

The concentration of protein is slightly higher than for cow's milk

question

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and Canadian Pediatric Society, breastfeeding of full-term infants is

answer

strongly recommend

question

What is the chief reason that breast-fed infants usually need to eat more frequently than formula-fed infants?

answer

Breast milk is digested faster

question

Which of the following is a finding regarding the importance of fatty acid intake for preterm infants fed formulas?

answer

Formulas enriched with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid resulted in improved visual acuity compared with standard formulas.

question

What is the chief protein in human breast milk

answer

Alpha-lactalbumin

question

Breast milk as the sole source of nutrition, up to the first 6 months in healthy infants, is satisfactory for all nutrients except -

answer

Vitamin D

question

Nutrient characteristics of human breast milk include all of the following except

answer

the vitamin D content meets optimal growth requirements

question

Which of the following vitamin-mineral supplements need not to be prescribed for an infant breastfed

answer

Vitamin E

question

What is colostrum?

answer

A milk like substance secreted right after delivery

question

Which of the following is an advantage of breastfeeding compared with formula feeding?

answer

It provides immunological protection

question

Which of the following is a feature of infant development and nutrition?

answer

Breast-fed infants obtain iron-binding proteins that inhibit bacterial infections

question

Which of the following is associated with bifdus factors?

answer

increased bacterial growth

question

What factor is breast milk binds iron and prevents it from supporting the growth of the infants intestinal bacteria ?

answer

Lactoferrin

question

What is lactadherin?

answer

A breast milk protein that inactivates a GI virus that causes diarrhea

question

You are presenting a talk on the benefits of breastfeeding to a new mothers with a Peace Corps group in Zimbabwe. There have been numerous cases of infant diarrhea within this population over the past several years. Why is breastfeeding especially important under these circumstances?

answer

The lactadherin protein present in breast milk attacks diarrhea-cauing viruses

question

All of the following are features of breast milk banks except

answer

they accept milk from mothers who smoke cigarettes but not marijuana

question

Which of the following describes the results of studies on weight gain of people who were either breastfed or formula fed

answer

The findings on weight gain of people who were formula fed or breastfed are inconsistent

question

Which of the following is not known to be an advantage of breastfeeding?

answer

Breastfed infants born prematurely grow more slowly than formula-fed infants born prematurely

question

Compared with cow's milk, breast milk contains

answer

less protein and calcium

question

To gradually replace breast milk with infant formula or other foods appropriate to an infants diet is to

answer

wean

question

Which of the following formulas is available for infants with lactose intolerance?

answer

Soy

question

Which of the following is a feature of infant soy formulas ?

answer

They contain cornstarch and sucrose rather than lactose

question

Features of infant formulas include all of the following except

answer

they contain antibodies

question

What type of formula is available for infants with milk allergy

answer

soy

question

Which of the following is a common source of lead poisoning in infants?

answer

Contaminated water used to make infant formula

question

What is the most realistic advice for reducing lead exposure from the tap water used to prepare infant formula?

answer

Because the first water drawn from the tap each day is highest in lead, let the water run a few minutes before using it

question

Goats milk is inappropriate for infants due to its low content of

answer

folate

question

An infant diagnosed with "goat's milk anemia" is most likely deficient in

answer

folate

question

Which of the following sources of nutrition for infants is least likely to become contaminated with microorganisms?

answer

breast milk

question

Which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay?

answer

Marked tooth decay of an infant due to prolonged exposure to carbohydrate rich fluids from a bottle

question

Low-fat or nonfat milk should not be given routinely to a child until after the age of

answer

2 years

question

What term defines the condition of infant tooth deterioration resulting from chronic exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle?

answer

Nursing bottle tooth decay

question

During the first year of life, cow's milk is considered an inappropriate food due to all of the following except

answer

it is too low in sodium .... (cow milk is not too low in sodium)

question

Which of the following should not be fed to an infant

answer

whole milk

question

Approximately what % of infants are born prematurely

answer

12%

question

Which of the following feeding practices is recommended for preterm infants?

answer

They should be fed preterm breast milk, occasionally fortified with specific nutrients

question

Of the following cereals, which is most likely to result in an allergic reaction upon 1st feeding?

answer

Wheat

question

What is beikst?

answer

A term that describes any nonmlik food offered to an infant

question

Which of the following represents a good age to introduce solid food to infants?

answer

Five months

question

At what age does the normal infant first develop the ability to swallow solid food?

answer

4-6 months

question

Why should new foods be introduced to an infant one at a time?

answer

Any allergic reactions can be detected

question

What should be the first cereal introduced to the infant?

answer

Rice

question

Roberta's first child is now 8 months old. Roberta has been breastfeeding and would like to begin to introduce solids foods. She read somewhere to introduce one food at a time to the infant. Which of the following would be the best choice for the first

answer

Rice

question

Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby's diet?

answer

Vitamin C and iron

question

Infants should not be given canned veggies due to excessive amounts of

answer

sodium

question

Infants fed honey or corn syrup are at increased risk for

answer

botulism

question

What is the principal reason that info about fat on food labels of infant foods is intentionally omitted?

answer

To prevent parents from restricting their infants fat intake

question

Foods containing sorbitol or other sugar alcohols should not be given to infants because they

answer

promote diarrhea

question

All of the following are characteristics of vegetarian diets and infancy expect

answer

Rice milk may substitute for other beverages from the age of 12 months and on.

question

Which of the following is the primary factor in the development of milk anemia?

answer

Excessive intake of cow's milk

question

Young children who drink more than 2 to 31/2 cups of milk a day are most likely at increased risk for deficiency of

answer

iron

question

A child who drinks a lot of milk at the expense of other foods is at high risk of showing signs of

answer

anemia

question

The consumption of milk by children should not exceed 4 cups per day in order to lower the risk for

answer

iron deficiency

question

What should be the parent's response when a one-year old child wants to clumsily spoon feed himself?

answer

Let the child try to feed himself so that he will learn

question

Which of the following is associated with energy metabolism of the preschool child?

answer

A 1-year-old needs 800kal/day would require only about 1600 kcal at 6 years

question

Approximately how many kcal per day does an average 6 year old need to obtain?

answer

1600

question

How much more total energy does a normal-weight 10 year old need vs. a 1 year old?

answer

150%

question

A reasonable daily fiber intake for a 5 year old would be

answer

25g

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of fat in the diet of children?

answer

Fat intakes below 30% of total energy do not impair growth provided that total energy intake is adequate.

question

Which of the following is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency amount U.S. and Canadian children?

answer

Iron

question

Which of the following is a feature of nutrition in childhood?

answer

Children who fail to consume vitamin D-fortified foods should receive a daily supplement of 10 micrograms

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of meal planning for children?

answer

Children 1 1/2 years of age consume more french fries than any other vegetable

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of hunger and behavior in children?

answer

Children who eat nutritious breakfasts are absent from school less often than their friends who do not

question

Which of the following is most likely reason that teachers promote the consumption of midmorning snacks for children?

answer

It provides carbohydrate for maintenance of blood glucose and brain function

question

Which of the following is characteristic of children who regularly eat breakfast or skip breakfast?

answer

Breakfast-skippers actually show lower scores on IQ tests than those who eat breakfast

question

Jenny is a 13 year old Hare Krishna who follows a vegan diet due to religious beliefs. She has not been performing as well as her non-vegetarian study friend on math tests and has been very upset about it. The teacher reports to Jennys mom that she does not appear focused in class . Which of the following may provide an explanation?

answer

The diet provides insufficient bioavailable iron and she may be anemic

question

All of the following are features of iron nutrition in children except

answer

the brain appears to be less sensitive to iron deficiency than the rest of the body

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron deficiency in children?

answer

It affects brain function before anemia sets in

question

Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition and behavior in children?

answer

Children who had iron-deficiency anemia as infants perform poorly even after iron status improves

question

All of the following are common signs of mild lead toxicity except -

answer

dermatitis

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of lead exposure and health?

answer

Absorption of lead is higher on an empty stomach

question

What is the prevalence of hyperactivity in children?

answer

5-10%

question

All of the following are characteristics of hyperactivity in children except

answer

in many cases, it responds favorably to dietary manipulations such as limiting sugar intake

question

All of the following are characteristics of hyperactivity in children except

answer

excessive amounts of sugar may cause or aggravate hyperactivity

question

What is the term given to the child who is hyperactive with severe and impulsive behavior ?

answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

question

A child who develops antibodies to a certain food is said to have a

answer

food allergy

question

An adverse reaction to food that does not signal the body to form antibodies is termed a

answer

food intolerance

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of a food allergy?

answer

It always involves the production of antibodies

question

You have just stated work as a summer camp counselor and completed a training session for all new employees on safety. Counselors were instructed to prohibit campers from eating pb&j sandwiches anywhere other than the caf. You believe that the most likely explanation for this rule is to

answer

minimize peanut exposure for campers without peanut allergies

question

Which of the following foods are most often the cause of allergies

answer

Eggs, peanuts, and milk

question

What food is responsible for the most life-threatening allergic reactions in people

answer

peanuts

question

A life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction is known as

answer

anaphylactic shock

question

A child known to be allergic to peanuts who begin to show signs such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the tongue, and severe abdominal discomfort is most likely in immediate need of life-saving injection of

answer

epinephrine

question

All of the following are features of food allergies except

answer

the presence of antibodies always coincides with physical symptoms

question

A child with a true allergy to milk is actually allergic to the milk's

answer

casein

question

If a child is allergic to soy, which of the following should be avoided

answer

textured vegetable protein

question

People who show adverse reactions to foods such as increased pulse rate, nausea, and hives , but do not show antibodies to the offending foods are displaying

answer

food intolerances

question

Approx. what % of the US children between 2-19 years of age are overweight

answer

32%

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of obesity in childhood

answer

A non obese child of non obese parents has less than a 10% chance of becoming obese in adulthood

question

What are the odds that an overweight 18 year old with only one obese parent will become and obese adult ?

answer

1 in 5

question

What population group consumes the most soft drinks each day at school?

answer

teenage boys

question

The typical can of soft drink contains the equivalent of how many teaspoons of sugar?

answer

10

question

5 cans of soft drinks provide approx. how many kcal's?

answer

750

question

To help imporve a child's BMI, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting tv and video time for children older than 2 years to how many hours per day

answer

2 hours per day

question

All of the following describe influences of tv and video gaming on nutrition except -

answer

children are exposed to thousands of TV commercials each year but their requests for advertised foods are heeded by their parents only half the time

question

All of the following are typical growth characteristics of overweight children except

answer

they can achieve a normal appearance after losing excess fat

question

Which of the following two conditions are associated with tv's influence

answer

obesity and high blood lipids

question

What is the most likely explanation for the increased prevalence of obesity in children over the past 30 years?

answer

They are less active physically

question

What is the leading cause of high blood pressure in children?

answer

Obesity

question

Which of the following is a feature of nutrition and behavior in children?

answer

Tv commercials featuring snack foods have been found to affect children's food preferences

question

Mike is a 10 year old inactive child who weighs 150 pounds. He has come to your practice with his parents for help on losing weight. What advice should be given to the parents?

answer

Maintain weight and do not encourage weight loss during growth and development

question

To lower the risk of obesity in children, which of the following practices should parents institute for their children?

answer

Teach them to take appropriate food portions

question

Which of the following is an effective strategy for dealing with obesity in a child?

answer

Engage the individual in at least 1 hour per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity

question

Why is it recommended that overweight children not follow a low-kcalorie diet?

answer

diet restriction can interfere with growth and development

question

Who is best able to manage the growth and weight gain of overweight children?

answer

Health care professional

question

Which of the following steps should be undertaken by the parent or guardian to ensure that young people eat well?

answer

Control the availability of food

question

Which of the following practices is not among the recommendations to help children develop an interest in vegetable?

answer

Serve veggies with the promise that after they are eaten, dessert will follow

question

Even in preschoolers whose habits are being established, existing dietary attitudes are relatively resistant to change. How should wise parents react"?

answer

Be patient and persistent

question

All of the following are food preferences in children except

answer

hot foods are preferred to warm ones

question

All of the following are features of snacking in children except

answer

snacking should be prevented

question

Which of the following is not among the recommended methods for introducing new foods to children

answer

Present new foods at the end of the meal

question

If a child is reluctant to try a new food , it is best to

answer

quietly remove it and present it again at another time

question

When children are allowed to eat freely from a variety of foods they usually select foods high in

answer

sugar

question

The single most effective way to teach nutrition to children is by

answer

example

question

What minimum fraction of the RDA for key nutrients for children 10-12 years of age should be provided by public school lunched?

answer

1/3

question

Which of the following is a feature of public school food programs?

answer

They must follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

question

All of the following are influences that undermine healthful food intake and food selection at schools except

answer

reducing the prices of nutritious foods does not promote their purchase by students

question

The adolescent growth spurt

answer

begins and ends earlier in girls than boys

question

what is the approx duration of the adolescent growth spurt

answer

2 1/2 years

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of the adolescent period?

answer

Obesity occurs more often in African-American females

question

All of the following are features of the iron RDA for adolescents except

answer

the frequency of iron deficiency is similar among males and females of the same age

question

A local high school has just added milk to the vending machines. Parents were very supportive of this change, however; not all students find it useful. You have a few minutes to speak to the student body, your talk should -

answer

point out that milk is a good source of calcium, which is required for teens during peak bone growth

question

What is menarche?

answer

A female's time of first menstruation

question

Adolescent women may fail to reach peak bone mass for all of the following reasons except -

answer

lactose intolerance begins to intensify during the teen years

question

All of the following are characteristics of adolescents' food intakes except -

answer

eating breakfast results in higher overall daily intakes of protein and fat but unchanged intakes of iron and zinc compared with breakfast skippers

question

Which of the following is a feature of beverage intake in adolescents?

answer

four standard colas a day proves enough caffein to alter behavior

question

Approx. how much caffeine is delivered by a typical cola beverage?

answer

30-55 mg

question

What is considered to be the minimum pharmacologically active dose of caffeine?

answer

200mg

question

Approx what fraction of an average teens daily energy intake is derived from snacks?

answer

1/4

question

About how many meals each week are eaten outside the home by adolescents ?

answer

7

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cig smokers and nutrition?

answer

They have higher intakes of carotene-rich foods

question

A cigarette smoker who is planning to quit should expect a weight gain in the first year of about

answer

10 pounds

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of tobacco use and adolescents?

answer

smokers require more vitamin C to maintain body stores

question

All of the following are characteristics in the development of antheroslerosis except

answer

once plaque is formed, it can be contained but cannot regress

question

The association of cholesterol to the health of children is described by all of the following except

answer

there appears to be only a very weak correlation between obesity in children and their blood cholesterol levels

question

All of the following are characteristics of blood cholesterol in children except

answer

acceptable total cholesterol levels are up to 240 mg/d

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of physically active children and blood lipids?

answer

They respond differently than do physically active adults towards changes in blood lipids

question

Which of the following is not a dietary recommendation for children?

answer

Children with high blood cholesterol should be treated first with statin drugs .

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