Nutrion Exam 3 – Flashcards
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Which of the following can be synthesized from all three energy-yielding nutrients
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Acetyl CoA
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The amount of energy that the body derives from foods is known as the
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Physiological fuel value
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The immune system treats foreign substances such as bacteria and toxins as
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Antigens
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Jim is a 45 year old who eats fast food at least 3 times a week and smokes a pack of cigarettes each day. He just had a physical examination and was told that his body mass index is 24. In what category would Jim's BMI be classified?
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Healthy Weight
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In the development of plaque, what is thought to be responsible for oxidation of LDL cholesterol during the inflammatory phase?
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Free radicals
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The health benefits of moderate alcohol intake occur in people ___ years of age and older.
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35
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If a dancer and a typist are the same height and have the exact same body build, the dancer would be heavier because she has
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More muscle mass
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Which of the following is a characteristic of liposuction?
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Within a year, body fat returns primarily to the abdomen
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Which of the following is a feature of the electron transport chain?
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It captures energy in the high-energy bonds of ATP
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What is the range of body fat content for normal-weight men 20-39 years of age?
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18-21%
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme?
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In men, the enzyme activity is high in abdominal fat cells
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What fraction of the day's energy expenditure of the average person is represented by the basal metabolism?
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About 2/3
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Which of the following is a feature of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
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Pregnancy increases the BMR
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The first dietary objective in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is to
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Stop further weight loss
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Which of the following is a characteristic of amenorrhea?
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It induces prolonged bone loss
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How many acetyl CoA molecules may be obtained from oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid?
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9
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A person who hasn't consumed anything except water for the past 8 hours has a blood glucose concentration of 101 mg/dL. This person would be classified as
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Prediabetic
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The process by which immune cells engulf and then destroy bacteria is known as
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Phagocytosis
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Which of the following is a characteristic of most fad diets
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They limit food choices, thereby reducing energy intake
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Binge drinking is defined as the successive consumption of
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4-5 drinks
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The Cori cycle involves the interconversion of
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Lactate and glucose
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Which of the following is a relation of "spot reducing" to exercise?
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No exercise can target fat removal from any specific area of the body
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The ballooning out of an artery wall at a point where it has been weakened by deterioration is called a
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Aneurysm
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Research in obese people seems to show that there is less susceptibility to health problems provided that the excess body fat is distributed around the
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Hips and thighs
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Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?
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It is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome
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What is the best predictor for risk of a stroke?
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Blood Pressure
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A feature of catabolic reactions is that they
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Involve release of energy
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Which of the following defines a coenzyme?
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An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme
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An immediate consequence of a cellular deficiency of oxaloacetate is a slowing of
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The TCA cycle
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Which of the following is a feature of ghrelin?
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It stimulates appetite and energy storage
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Which of the following is a feature of NEAT?
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It is about 350 kcal/day higher in lean people than obese people
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Diuretics act to lower blood pressure by
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Increasing fluid loss
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After the first day or so of fasting, which of the following is most depleted in the body?
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Glycogen
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Which of the following compounds CANNOT be formed by fatty acids?
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Glucose
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How soon would death occur from starvation if the body was unable to shift to a state of ketosis?
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Within 3 weeks
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Which of the following defines the body's set point?
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Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight
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To help prevent body fat gain, the DRI suggests daily, moderately intense, physical activities totaling
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60 minutes
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Which of the following CANNOT be formed from acetyl CoA molecules?
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Glucose
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As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in women?
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1200
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Which of the following is a characteristic of breakfast eating?
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People who eat breakfast frequently have a lower BMI than breakfast skippers
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What is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine?
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The products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures
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Insulin resistance is defined as
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Reduced sensitivity of cells to blood insulin
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Strategies to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in people who drink include limiting drink intake to
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1 drink for women 2 for men
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Dietary guidelines believed to help protect against cancer include all of the following except
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Increasing energy density
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By what age do most people first have well-developed arterial plaque
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30
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Glycolysis is the conversion of
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Glucose to pyruvate
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A tumor that releases cells, leading to the spread of cancer to other regions of the body, is said to
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Metastasize
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What is the approximate percent efficiency of conversion of food energy to ATP energy in the body
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50
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The DASH diet was developed to lower the risk for
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Hypertension
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What term describes an abnormal cell mass that is not cancer
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Benign tumor
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Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells
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Metabolism
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Which of the following is a characteristic of lactate production by muscle cells
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The lactate produced may eventually be used by the liver for glucose production
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The brain chemical neuropeptide Y is known specifically to enhance the craving for
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Carbohydrates
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What would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcal daily for one month
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4 lbs
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Which of the following is a characteristic of fat cells developments
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More and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with health-weight people
