Nursing Concepts final – Flashcards
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What is a State Nurse Practice Act?
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Statutory law governing nursing practice and are governed by the State Board of Nursing.
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What is scope of practice and what guides a nurse's scope of practice?
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State Nurse Practice Acts define the scope and limitations of professional nursing practice. This is guided by the Indiana State Nurse Practice Act, ANA Standards of Practice & Code of Ethics, and Institutional Police and Procedures.
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Three major activities of the ISBN.
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The ISBN licenses qualified applicants, disciplines nurses who violate rules and acts, and accredit schools of nursing and watch over any changes.
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How does a school of nursing maintain their accreditation?
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The school sends an annual report that shows information about many different aspects (graduation rate, passing rate, curriculum) to the Board. The Board then decides if the school meets their regulations.
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What three bodies regulate the scope of practice for nurses?
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The Nurse Practice Act, American Nurses Association, and the Indiana State Board of Nursing.
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How often do RN's renew their license and what is the consequence of not renewing?
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RN licenses expire on 10/31 of odd numbered years. If it has been expired for less than 18 months, the license can be renewed online. For more than 18 months, a renewal form must be submitted along with a $100 fee. If it has been expired for 3 years, a renewal form needs to be submitted along with the $100 fee, and a copy of an active license from another jurisdiction needs to be provided.
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Why is addiction incidence higher in nurses than the general public?
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Addiction rates are higher in nurses mostly because they have access to drugs. The rates can also be due to how stressed nurses tend to be; many may be driven to do drugs.
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What is ISNAP and what is their role?
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ISNAP stands for Indiana State Nurses Assistance Program. The program offers consultation, referral, and monitoring for nurses whose job is slightly/potentially/impaired by the abuse of alcohol or drugs.
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Who can report instances of impairment to ISNAP?
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Referrals to ISNAP can be made by a co-worker, family member, friend, employer, Employee Assistance Plan, or by the nurse themselves.
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What are the differences between negligence and malpractice?
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Negligence: failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would have acted in a specific situation. Malpractice (Professional Negligence): failure of a professional to use such care as a reasonably prudent member of the profession would use under similar circumstance which leads to harm.
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What are the elements of proving malpractice?
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Duty to care (nurse/patient relationship), Breach of duty (failed to meet minimal standards of care), Proximate cause of the injury, Injury is proven, Monetary damages are awarded if malpractice is proven.
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Define: informed consent, confidentiality, delegation.
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Informed consent: legal mandate of a physician to provide a patient with necessary facts in terms they can understand to make decisions regarding their care (surgical consent, consent to be treated). Confidentiality: HIPPA-Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act; privacy of a patient's health information. Delegation: the transfer of responsibility for the performance of an activity from one individual to another while retaining accountability for the outcome (ANA).
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Informed consent
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Legal mandate of a physician to provide a patient with necessary facts in terms they can understand to make decisions regarding their care (surgical consent, consent to be treated).
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Confidentiality
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HIPPA-Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act; privacy of a patient's health information.
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Delegation
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The transfer of responsibility for the performance of an activity from one individual to another while retaining accountability for the outcome (ANA).
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Never Event
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Serious adverse events during an inpatient stay that should never occur or are reasonably preventable through evidence based guidelines (pressure ulcers, falls, catheter infections)
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Sentinel Event
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Unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury or risk thereof (loss of limb, death due to med error, suicide in hospital)
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Quality Improvement
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The process of focusing on systems, processes, satisfaction, and cost outcomes within an organization.
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Ethics
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Science or study of moral values and moral philosophy
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Applied ethics/bioethics
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The study of ethical problems resulting from scientific advances (stem cell research, euthanasia)
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Metaethics
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Universal truths and where ethical principles are developed
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Normative Ethics
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Moral standards that regulate behavior.
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Nursing Ethics
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A system of principles concerning the actions of the nurse in his or her relationship with the patients, family members, other healthcare providers, policy makers, and society as a whole
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Code of Ethics
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A set of statements encompassing rules that apply to people in a profession (like the ANA Code of Ethics)
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Moral
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Established rules of conducts to be used in situation where a decision about right and wrong must be made. Used interchangeably with ethics. Developed over time and influenced by life, experience, and culture
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Value
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Attitudes, ideals, or beliefs that is used as a guide to behavior
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Value System
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Entire framework on which actions are based
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Values Clarification
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A process by which people attempts to examine the values they hold and how those values function as a part of the whole
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Moral Development
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Forming a worldview and value system through an evolving, continuous, dynamic process that moves along a continuum of development.
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ANA Code of Ethics
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The ANA Code of Ethics is a statement of the ethical obligations and duties of every person who chooses to enter the profession of nursing, to act as the nonnegotiable standard of ethics, and to serve as an expression of the understanding on nursing's commitment to society.
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Autonomy
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Respect for a person and the right to self determination for ones own destiny.
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Beneficence
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To benefit or promote goodness, kindness or charity.
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Nonmaleficence
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A duty to do no harm or abstain from injuring others
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Justice
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Equality in treatment
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Fidelity
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Faithfulness or honoring one's commitments or promises
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Veracity
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Telling the truth
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Ethical decision making model
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A competent nurse in an ethically sensitive nurse who can deal with the human dimensions of care that include a search for what is good and right and for was is accurate and efficient. A nurse must reflect on their personal morals and values in order to maintain moral integrity. Situation assessment: 1) Clarify the ethical dilemma 2) Gather additional data 3) Identify options 4) Make a decision 5) Act 6) Evaluate
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Franciscan Values
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Dignity of the Individual, Peace and Justice, Reconciliation, Responsible Stewardship.
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Evidence Based Practice. How is it important to nursing?
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Integrated the best evidence from research studies and patient care data with clinician expertise and patient preferences and values. It allows: practice improvement, high quality nursing care based on research, reflects up to date knowledge, it is the accepted standard of practice for nurses, and is generated from clinical practice, literature, or theory.
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How is Evidence Based Practice different from research?
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EBP uses research as a source of evidence and also reflects patient preferences and clinician expertise while research utilization uses researched results only.
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What are the steps of an Evidence Based Practice project?
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1) Selection of topic of interest 2) Critique of evidence 3) Implementation 4) Evaluation 5) Implementation to practice.
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What is CINAHL and what is it used for?
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It is definitive research tool for nursing and health professionals. It is used to find fast and easy full-text access to top journals and evidence-based care sheets.
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What is a scholarly article?
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Peer-reviewed journal articles that are written by professionals who are experts in their fields
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APA format
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Has a cover page, running header, in-text citations with author's last name and date, has a reference list. Reference page has last name, first name, date, book title, city and state of publication, and publisher.
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Advanced degrees
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Go beyond bachelor, master, doctoral. Nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, certified midwife, certified registered nurse anesthetist.
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Diploma programs
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Earliest nursing programs in the US. Hospital based training. Lectures given by physicians and skills provided by head nurses.
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Associate degree
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Developed as a solution to nursing shortages. Basic prep of nurses. Most common type of preparation 53%. Generally community college based 2-3 years in length. Take the same NCLEX as BSN.
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Baccalaureate degree
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Obtained in colleges based on sciences and humanities. Initiated to help nursing be recognized as a profession. Provides additional clinical experience in leadership, administration, teaching, critical thinking, and public health. 4 years in length. NCLEX required for licensure.
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Graduate degree
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Master's degree that provides advanced, specialized knowledge in fields of expertise. Requires BSN from accredited program. Licensure as RN, GPA of 3.0 in BSN, work experience in desired field, 18-24 months of education.
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Examples of different graduate degrees in nursing
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Nursing administration, case management, informatics, health policy, education, clinical nurse specialist, nurse practitioner, nurse midwifery, nurse anesthesia.
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Life Long Learning
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Continuing education and increasing knowledge throughout an individual's professional life. Certifications, organizational membership, conferences.
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Levels of communication
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Verbal (most common) and nonverbal (most reliable)
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Role of listening in nursing
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Focusing solely on a person and acknowledging feelings in a nonjudgmental manner.
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Responding techniques
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Empathy, open ended questions, giving info, reflection, and silence.
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What is nursing theory and the significance to nursing
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A group of related concepts, definitions and statements that describe a certain view of nursing phenomena from which to describe, explain or predict outcomes. Provide a foundation of developing models or frameworks for nursing practice development. Useful tool for reasoning, critical thinking, decision making, and support excellence in practice.
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Concept
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Labels given to ideas, objects, and events (health, stress, caring, adaptation, pain
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Conceptual model
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A structure to organize concepts (ideas)
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Philosophy
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Values and beliefs of the discipline.
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Theory
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The organization of concepts that show relationships of the ideas with the intention of describing, explaining, or predicting
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Virginia Henderson
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Definition of nursing
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Dorothy Johnson
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Behavioral system model
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Imogene King
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Interacting systems
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Madeleine Leininger
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Culture care diversity and universality
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Myra Levine
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The conversation model
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Betty Neuman
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Neuman systems model
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Margaret Newman
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Health as expanding consciousness
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Dorothea Orem
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Self-care framework
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Rosemarie Parse
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Theory of human becoming
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Ida Orlando Pelletier
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Nursing process discipline
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Hildegard Peplau
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Interpersonal relations in nursing
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Martha Rogers
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Science of unitary human beings
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Callista Roy
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Roy adaptation model of nursing
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Reva Rubin
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Theory of maternal identity
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Jean Watson
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A theory of human caring
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Florence Nightingale
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Life and work
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Patricia Benner
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Novice to expert
