Nuclear chemistry vocabulary worksheet – Flashcards
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Alpha particle
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Positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons
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Atom
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Basic building block of all matter
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Atomic bomb
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This was the nuclear weapon used by the us to force japan to surrender during wwll
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Atomic number
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The number of protons
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Average atomic mass
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The weighted average of all of the isotopes of an element
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Beta particle
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Electrons emitted by the nucleus when a neutron is changed to a proton during radioactive decay
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Cancer
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A result of uncontrolled cell division
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Carbon 14
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A radioactive isotope,with a half life of 5730,this is used to determine the age of carbon based life formed up to about 60,000 years old
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Element
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A substance that Cannot be broken down further by chemical means
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Energy
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The capacity for doing work
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Fission
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A process of one nucleus decaying to two or more smaller nuclei
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Fusion
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The process in which nuclei with small masses are combined to form a nucleus with a larger mass
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Gamma radiation
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A high energy photon resulting from the redistribution of the charge within the nucleus
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Half life
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The period of time it takes for a radioactive sample to decay to half of its original amount
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Hazardous waste
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Any unwanted by-products remaining in the environment and posing a potential hazard to human health of life
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Isotopes
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Atoms of the same element with varying number of neutrons
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Mass
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A measure of the quantity of matter
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Mass number
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The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of any atom
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Mass energy
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E=mc^2 Einstein's equation
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Neutron
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A subatomic particle that has no charge and a mass of 1 amu
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Nuclear energy
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Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
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Nuclear medicine
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Branch of medicine that deals with the use of radionuclides in diagnosis and treatment of decease
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Nuclear power
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Power (especially electricity)
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Nuclear reaction
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The process where two nuclei or particles interact to form different particles
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Nuclear waste
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By products of radioactive decay
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Nucleus
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A group of protons and neutrons in the center of all atoms
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penetration power
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The extent up to which radioactive emissions can penetrate a medium.
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Proton
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This is a subatomic particle with a positive charge and a mass of 1 amu.
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Radiation
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Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves
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radiation therapy
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The medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells
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radioactive decay
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Spontaneous disintegration of a radionuclide accompanied by the emission of alpha or beta particles or gamma rays
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Radioactivity
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The spontaneous emission of energy and/or matter from the nucleus of an unstable atom
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star
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A massive ball of plasma that shines because of thermonuclear fusion in its core
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Strong force
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The fundamental force which holds particles together to form protons and neutrons
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Thermal pollution
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A type of pollution associated with increases of water temp in a stream, lake, or ocean
