NREMT EMT-B Practice – Flashcards
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3 effects of intracranial pressure on vital signs
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bradycardia, irregular breathing, hypertension
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___ ___ is part of a syndrome called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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chronic bronchitis
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___ ___ is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks.
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Acute bronchitis
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a group of diseases characterized by the pathological limitation of airflow in the airway that is not fully reversible.
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COPD
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A late sign of shock is:
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decreased blood pressure
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A PASG is contraindicated if the patient presents with cardiogenic shock or _______.
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abnormal lung sounds
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a policy or protocol issued by a medical director that authorizes EMTs to perform particular skills in certain situations
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standing orders
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A sign of breathing difficulty in children is a decrease in ___ ___.
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pulse rate
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A sudden loss of _______ of blood is considered serious in an average adult.
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1000cc
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A thrombus which has broken loose, moving with blood flow, is called
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an embolism
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A weakened section of an arterial wall that begins to dilate is known as a(n)
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aneurysm
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Activated Charcoal: Contraindications
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Poor LOC, vomiting
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Activated Charcoal: Dosage
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1 g/kg of body weight, adults usually 25-50g, children 12.5-25g
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Activated Charcoal: Side Effects
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Constipation, nausea, vomiting, bowel obstruction
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After delivering your first shock with an AED, the patient is still pulseless, you should next
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perform two minutes or 5 cycles of CPR
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Albuterol: Action
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Bronchodilator
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Albuterol: Contraindications
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Allergy
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Albuterol: Dose
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2.5 mg nebulized with 2.5 mL saline (for a total of 3mL)
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Albuterol: Indications
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Acute bronchospasm due to asthma or COPD
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Albuterol: Side effects
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Headache, tachycardia, hypertension
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An example of a shockable rhythm
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pulseless ventricular tachycardia
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An infant or child patient who exhibits wheezing, increased breathing effort on exhalation, or rapid breathing without stridor probably has:
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A lower-airway disease
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an inflammation of the bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs
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bronchitis
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ASA: Action
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Impedes blood clotting
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ASA: Contraindications
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allergy, bleeding disorder, already taken 324mg
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ASA: Dosage
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324mg (81mg x 4)
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Atrovent: Action
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Bronchodilator
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Atrovent: Contraindications
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Allergy to drug, soybeans, peanuts, glaucoma
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Atrovent: Dose
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0.5 mg nebulized w/ 2.5 mL saline (3mL total)
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Atrovent: Side Effects
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Dry mouth, headache, gastrointestinal distress
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caused by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue, from destruction of structures supporting the alveoli, and destruction of capillaries feeding the alveoli.
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emphysema
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Chaotic electrical activity originating from many sites in the heart is called:
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Ventricular fibrillation
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DCAP-BTLS =
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deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures, burns, tenderness, lacerations, swelling
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Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and many undetermined respiratory illnesses are classified as
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COPD
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Epinephrine: Action
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vasoconstriction, bronchodilation
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Epinephrine: Contraindications
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Glaucoma, shock other than anaphylactic, diabetes, cardiac problems, hypertension, pregnancy, meds include a beta blocker or MAOI
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Epinephrine: Dosage
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Epi-Pen = 0.3mg, Epi-Pen Jr = 0.15mg (for <60 lbs)
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Epinephrine: Indications
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Anaphylaxis
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Epinephrine: Side Effects
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Headache, palpitations, hypertension, tachycardia
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Flow rates for nasal cannula
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1-6 L/min
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Flow rates for NRB
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12-15 L/min
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Full dilation of the cervix occurs in the _______ stage of labor.
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first
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Glucagon: Action
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increases blood glucose by stimulating liver to release stored glycogen
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Glucagon: Contraindications
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allergy, hx of pheochromocytoma (tumor which secretes epinephrine)
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Glucagon: Dosage
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1.0 mg for >44lbs, 0.5 mg for <44lbs, repeat in 20 min if no response
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Glucagon: Side Effects
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hypotension, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress
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Half of all cardiac arrest patients will initially have a _______ rhythm.
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Ventricular fibrillation
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Hypoglycemia
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Blood sugar less than 60
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If a cardiac arrest occurs within two hours of the onset of symptoms, it is called
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sudden death
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If a patient is eight months pregnant, how much blood can she potentially lose before exhibiting signs of shock?
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30-35%
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If the patient is not defibrillated within _______ minutes of a cardiac arrest, there is almost no chance for survival.
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8
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In an adult, a systolic BP of __ or less is hypotensive
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90mmHg
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In patients > 1 y/o, the 1st pulse you check
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radial
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In the condition called ____, there is not electrical stimulus to cause the heart muscle to contract.
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asystole
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list of steps to be taken in different situations
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protocols
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Lung sounds that resemble low-pitched snoring or rattling are called
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rhonchi
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Normal breathing rate for adults
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12-20
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Normal breathing rate for children
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15-30
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Normal breathing rate for infants
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25-50
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Normal diastolic BP in adults
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60 to 90
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Normal pulse rate for an adult
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60-100 bpm
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Normal systolic BP in adults
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90 to 150
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Not all poisons are toxins. Toxins are poisons that are
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produced by living organisms
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NTG: Action
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vasodilator, decreases blood return to heart
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NTG: Contraindications
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systolic pressure
