Northwestern Europe – Flashcards
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What are the countries in NW Europe?
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Ireland, U.K., Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Austria, Germany, France, Monaco, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein.
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In which countries are the Alps located?
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Switzerland, Austria, France, and Italy.
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How do the Alps influence the climate of NW Europe?
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Influences winds and evens the cold out.
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Mistral
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A strong northerly wind from the Alps. (brings air to France.)
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Foehn
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A dry wind that blows from the leeward side of mountains, mainly used as a term in Europe.
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Polders
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Low lying area from which sea water has been drained to create new land.
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The Netherlands (sea level)
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25% of land is below sea level.
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What NW Europe countries have a Constitutional Monarchy?
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Monaco, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, and the U.K.
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What type of government does Switzerland have?
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Direct Democracy
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What type of government does Austria have?
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Federal Republic
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What type of government does France have?
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Republic
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What was the purpose of the Roman Empire?
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-27 B.C. -Built roads and spread Christianity -Influence western civilization. (legal system & representative democracy.)
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Renaissance 1400's?
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-Europe inspired by greeks and romans. -Philosophy, Art, and Education
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Reformation 1500's?
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-Martin Luther King launched reformation of the Catholic Church. -Created Protestant branches.
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Enlightenment 1700's?
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Philosophers: Vottaire, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke.
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WWI? (date, powers, and treaty.)
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-1914-1915 -Central Powers: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire. -Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia. -Treaty of Versailles signed at end of war- blamed Germany.
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WWII? (date ; description)
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-1939-1945 -Description: Hitler and Nazis planned and carried out the Holocaust. A mass murder of 6 million European Jews and other groups were killed.
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Cold War?
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-Power struggle between non-communist and communist worlds.
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How did the Cold War influence employment?
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Germany was divided and reunited in 1990 and Soviet Union collapsed, East German businesses closed, high unemployment rates, and migration of young citizens.
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Population ; Language?
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-German needs young workers, urban. -Slavic, romance, and germanic languages.
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Highly Industrialized Countries?
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-Produce waste -Pollution contaminates marine life -Acid Pollution -Overfishing -Fragmentation
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Responses?
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-EU can face legal action -Kyoto Protocol: Amendment to reduce greenhouse gases. -Cap-and-Trade: Method for managing pollution. A limit is placed on emissions and businesses/countries can buy/sell emissions allowances.
