question

The Scandinavian Peninsula

answer

includes mainland Sweden, mainland Norway, and part of Finland.

question

The Jutland Peninsula

answer

includes mainland Denmark and a small part of Germany.

question

The Viking Age

answer

From A.D. 793 to 1050 Scandinavian Viking raiding parties in powerful warships roamed the coastal waters of Europe. Their territories expanded over time, and the numerous Viking kingdoms emerged as Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.

question

A.D. 800

answer

30 small kingdoms existed in Norway.

question

Norsemen

answer

also known as Vikings; built ships of war and sent them on raiding expeditions into western and eastern Europe.

question

Viking Language

answer

Old Norse, became the basis for present-day Nordic languages.

question

The Kalmar Union

answer

in the 1300s, Denmark, Norway (with Iceland), and Sweden (with Finland) were united under one regent in which Denmark dominated. The increased trade during this time connected the countries to mainland Europe, and Nordic society became increasingly continental.

question

Rebellion from Kalmar

answer

In 1523 Sweden became a separate kingdom. Denmark's domination over Norway lasted until 1814, when the king was forced to cede Norway to the king of Sweden. Iceland, Greenland, and the Faeroe Islands remained under the control of Denmark.

question

Nordic Countries

answer

Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland

question

Government in the Nordic Countries

answer

the Nordic countries developed democracies. Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland are now governed by democratically elected parliaments, although Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are constitutional monarchies.

question

Welfare Sectors of Nordic Countries

answer

all Nordic countries have large, tax-funded public welfare sectors and extensive social-democratic legislation. These programs support health care, education for elementary through college students, and retirement income for senior citizens.

question

The Sami

answer

the native people of northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The Sami are the descendants of nomadic peoples who lived in northern Scandinavia for thousands of years.

question

Sweden Residents

answer

residents of Sweden, some 80 percent, live in and around Stockholm, the capital.

question

Norwegian Economy

answer

Norway is not a member of the European Union, but has attracted numerous international workers to petroleum exploration and processing. It is Europe's largest oil producer and second-largest producer of natural gas. Those industries create jobs.

question

Norway's immigration policies

answer

have allowed guest workers and students to enter. Most have come from other European countries, such as Poland, Germany, Sweden, and Lithuania. The majority of Norwegians reside in Oslo, the capital, and along the coastlines of the warmer southern portion of the country.

question

The Kingdom of Denmark

answer

includes its continental areas as well as the largely self-governing Faeroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark allows guest workers to obtain a work permit for a limited time, and it permits international students the opportunity to study

question

Denmark Population

answer

A low birthrate among Danish women, who are among the best educated and highest paid in Europe, has resulted in slowing population growth. Current aging trends show there are more people in Denmark over the age of 60 than under the age of 15.

question

In 1917

answer

Finland became an independent country

question

Ethnic Groups in Finland

answer

The second-largest ethnic group, the Sami, resides in the northernmost part of the country called the Sami Homeland. Swedish-speaking ethnic communities live along the southwestern Baltic coast.

question

Urban Population in Finland

answer

80 percent of Finland's population lives in urban areas. The major cities are in the southern part of the country near coastal harbors. Helsinki is the largest city and the capital.

question

Finish Immigration and Emigration

answer

Finland was the source of many migrants to the United States and other countries. In the twenty-first century, the trend has reversed due to relaxed immigration policies and improved economic conditions in Finland. Immigrants today are arriving from Somalia, Russia, Sweden, and Estonia.

question

Iceland's population

answer

grew from about 50,000 in the early 1700s to about 315,000 in 2013.

question

Ethnics in Iceland

answer

Iceland is one of the world's most ethnically homogenous populations since few people have immigrated to the island.

question

Population Distribution in Iceland

answer

Reykjavík is the country's capital and largest city. The population lives near the coastlines, where the residents rely on the sea for commercial fishing and surrounding farmland for growing basic foods.

question

Northern European Population Distribution

answer

have lower population densities than most other countries in Europe. This is due to a number of factors, including the northern climate that limits agriculture and the mountainous terrain. Northern Europe's populations concentrate in areas near the sea, where fishing and shipping industries are prominent.

question

Copenhagen

answer

has always been a major port for collecting, storing, and shipping goods across the globe. This makes it an entrepôt. Here, the break-of-bulk practices result in large shipments being divided into smaller amounts for distribution to other places.

question

Entrepôt

answer

commercial center where goods are received and reshipped

question

Break-of-Bulk

answer

act of unloading, transferring, or distributing part or all of a shipment

question

Religion in the Northern Europe

answer

Protestant religion is dominant in every country of the subregion (in most cases, Evangelical Lutheran), these countries value religious freedom and minority religions are practiced. As in much of the rest of Europe, this subregion also has a high percentage of people who do not practice a religion.

question

Finland Religion

answer

Finland is the only Northern European country without an official religion.

question

Northern European Education

answer

School is mandatory for children for at least 10 years, and literacy rates are nearly 100 percent in all of Scandinavia, Finland, and Iceland. All children are required to know at least one language other than their own, and in most cases they learn several, including English.

question

Welfare State

answer

a state that assumes primary responsibility for the social welfare of its citizens

question

Northern European are Welfare States

answer

They have programs for the well-being of all residents that are funded by their governments. Countries such as Sweden offer complete social welfare programs to their citizens. In general, residents of Scandinavia, Finland, and Iceland pay high taxes. In return, however, they benefit from a wide array of social services that include health care, child care, and assisted senior living.

question

Equality Men and Women

answer

Iceland, Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Denmark are front-runners in the area of achieving equal status for women. These countries have made great strides in the area of political empowerment. There has been an increase of women in business and high-level government jobs. Nearly as many women as men are elected to serve in the parliaments of Northern Europe.

question

Arts in Northern Europe

answer

Museums, exhibits, symphony halls, and opera houses provide the opportunity to enjoy art, literature, music, and dance.

question

2007

answer

in Oslo, Norway, a new cultural center was dedicated. Named the Oslo Opera House, it is home to the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet.

question

Denmark Rich Literary Tradition

answer

The fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen are known throughout the world. Danish designers are sought after globally as highly trained curators of museums, designers of modern furniture, and architects. A keen focus on landscape, architectural, and interior design can be seen in all aspects of Danish culture.

question

Energy Sources in Northern Erope

answer

Most of Iceland's energy comes from hydroelectric power and geothermal energy. Sweden and Norway rely heavily on hydroelectric power. Finland relies on peat as a source of energy. Denmark has limited amounts of nonrenewable energy. The Danish government has invested heavily in wind energy.

question

Commercial fishing in Iceland and Norway.

answer

In Iceland, fish and fish products constitute more than 70 percent of exports. The seas near Iceland and the warm Gulf Stream provide favorable conditions for various kinds of fish. Fisheries are also a central component of the Norwegian economy. In addition to the rich fishing waters of the North Atlantic, Norway has deep fjords and a very long coastline that provide both wild and farmed Norwegian salmon.

question

Other Major Industries

answer

include forestry, manufacturing, agriculture, and service industries. Forestry is important in Norway, Sweden, and Finland.

question

Denmark's economy

answer

is based on service industries, trade, manufacturing, and agriculture. Denmark was also the first of the Northern European countries to join what would eventually become the European Union.

question

The Nordic Model

answer

refers to the economic and social models of the Northern European countries. This particular brand of mixed economy is characterized by welfare policies in which governments play important roles in protecting the social and economic health of their citizens.

question

The Nordic model emphasizes

answer

labor force participation and promotes gender equality and fiscal expansion. Additionally, the Nordic model offers low barriers to trade and supports union membership, both of which are intended to offset the risks associated with participation in an open economy.

question

The North Sea

answer

is home to about 230 species of fish, including cod, haddock, mackerel, and herring. These are all common species and are a target of commercial fishing. Due to over fishing many key commercial species are close to collapse.

question

Bottom trawling

answer

or towing a net along the seafloor, as a form of commercial fishing also threatens the seabed habitats.

question

The Baltic Sea

answer

undergoes water stratification, a situation in which the water layers do not mix. These factors contribute to eutrophication, a serious problem in which there is an increase in plant production.

question

Eutrophication

answer

limits the amount of plankton produced, a major source of food for many species in the sea.

question

Invasive Species in The Baltic Sea

answer

An increase in ship traffic since the 1950s has also introduced a number of invasive species which travel on ships' water tanks or hulls. Given the relatively low number of species in the Baltic Sea, invasive species can have an especially detrimental effect on the sea.

question

Logging and agriculture

answer

led to the deforestation of much of Europe's original forests. Much of the remaining forest is the boreal forest, or taiga, of Scandinavia and Russia.

question

Effects of Deforestation

answer

deforestation has caused major disruptions to animal and plant ecosystems. Trees and soils of the boreal forest store a large amount of carbon as decomposed or partly decomposed material. If deforestation continues, the stored organic matter will decompose more rapidly and the stored carbon will be released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

question

Industrialization On Wetlands

answer

Industrialization has damaged or destroyed those habitats. Many plant and animal species have become endangered as a result of human populations encroaching on and draining wetlands to create dry land for homes, agriculture, and other uses.

question

Hydroelectric Developments

answer

although a good alternative to fossil fuels, cause damage by changing river flows and by the construction of dams that flood some areas and drain others.

question

Peat

answer

In countries such as Finland, peat is an important source of biomass fuel. While burning peat produces valuable energy, it also releases a considerable amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Even more carbon dioxide is released by peat bogs drained for agriculture and forestry.

question

Acid Rain In Northern Europe

answer

In the atmosphere these pollutants form sulfuric and nitric acid, which are released in rain or snow. Acid rain is contributing to wetland destruction, with many lakes in Norway and a significant proportion of lakes in Sweden and Finland showing serious acidification.

question

Oil

answer

is very difficult to remove from water and nearly impossible to remove from the wildlife, plants, and mosses found in wetland areas after spills occur.

question

Northern European Renewable Resources

answer

are leaders in the use of renewable energy, such as wind, hydroelectric power, and geothermal power.

question

100 Years Ago Forest Protection

answer

Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark introduced forestry legislation that limited the amount of timber that could be harvested. Since then, forest resources in these countries have increased substantially.

question

Iceland Forest Recovery

answer

In Iceland reforestation has not advanced as much. Iceland's harsh climate and the importance of sheep farming have made it more difficult. Recent restrictions on grazing have resulted in a promising move toward restoring forest land.

question

The Tourism Industry

answer

has grown substantially in northern areas during the last few years, especially in arctic destinations. Although tourism helps the region's economies, there are also potential threats to the fragile environment.

question

The Sustainable Model for Arctic Regional Tourism

answer

was a program aimed at teaching how the arctic tourism sector could be developed in such a way that limits damage to the unique lands of Northern Europe. This form of tourism is called ecotourism.

question

Ecotourism

answer

the practice and business of recreational travel based on concern for the environment

question

The LIFE+ Environment Policy and Governance

answer

established by the European Union. The program creates projects that offer environmental benefits to the region, including programs that encourage innovation in environmental protection and conservation. Sweden and Finland are part of this program.

Northern Europe Reading (Part 1) – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards