NHA Phlebotomy Study Guide – Pt 1 – Flashcards
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What are the two circulations of the Heart ?
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Pulmonary and Systemic
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The pulmonary circulation carries _____?
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Deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood from the lungs.
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What kind of valve is the tricuspid valve?
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atrioventricle
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The pulmonic valve is situated between _____________?
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Right Ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery
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Endocardium is which layer of the heart?
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inner
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The myocardium is the layer of the heart that is made of ____________?
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muscle
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Which layer of the heart is the epicardium?
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outer
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What kind of blood do arteries and arterioles carry?
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oxygenated
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What percentage of the blood is made up of formed elements?
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45%
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What percentage of formed elements is erythrocytes?
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90%
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What is the oxygen carrying protein in erythrocytes?
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hemoglobin
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Where do blood cells originate?
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bone marrow
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How many liters of blood does the average adult have?
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5-6
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What is the normal life span of a RBC?
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120 days
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What is the liquid portion of blood (inside of body) called?
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plasma
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What is the function of a leukocyte?
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protect from infection
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What is a condition that could cause leukopenia (low white blood cell count)?
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chemotherapy
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How many types of leukocytes are in blood?
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5
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Which WBC comprises 40%-60% of the WBCs?
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neutrophils
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How much of 20%-40% comprises of WBC ?
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lymphocytes
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Which WBC carries histamine?
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basophils
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Another name for thrombocytes is _____?
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Platelets
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Hemostatis is defined as __________?
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stoppage of blood
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The first phase of hemostasis is ______?
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vascular stage; 2) platelet stage; 3) coagulation; 4) fibrinolysis
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The test used to evaluate intrinsic pathway is called ____________?
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aPTT (heparin TDM)
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The break down and removal of a clot in the hemostasis process is _________?
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fibrinolysis
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What is the preferred site for venipuncture?
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antecubital fossa
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Sclerosed (Schlerosis) veins feel ________?
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cordlike
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Crooked or winding veins are also called ______________?
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tortuous
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What is the preferred antiseptic for venipuncture?
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isopropyl alcohol
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What is the size (in inches) of needle routinely used for venipuncture?
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1-1.5 inches in length
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What is another name for winged infusion sets?
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butterfly
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Which is NOT a reason the tourniquet is used?
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to make veins blue
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A pad used to protect the patient's clothing?
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Chux
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The most common complication of phlebotomy ?
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Hematoma (especially in older patients)
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Leaving the tourniquet on too long may cause _________?
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Hemoconcentration (pool of blood)
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Tiny red spots on the skin cause from the rupturing of capillaires are called ?
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Petechiae (p-t-k)
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Accumulation of fluid in the tissues is called ?
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Edema
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Permanent surgical connection btwn an artery and a vein?
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fistula
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What are some of causes of a pre-analytical error(s) ?
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1) improper time of collection; 2) wrong order of draw; 3) faulty technique; 4) exposure to light
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What is the purpose of the post-analytical phase?
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Access pt and provide tx (treatment) by medical staff(i.e. DR, RP, PA who ordered the test(s))
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The most important step in a routine venipuncture?
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Identify the patient
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How many inches above the site should be the tourniquet be tied?
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3-4 inches
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If the patient continues to bleed after 8 minutes of pressure you should?
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Call for help - Emergency
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Which is not a reason for failure to collect blood ?
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Patient drank too much liquid
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There are several possibilities why tubes may lose their vacuum due to _____________?
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1) manufacturing defects; 2) expired tube; 3) a fine crack in the tube
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If the needle passes completely through the vein you must pull it out of the arm and try another vein.
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False
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Using a butterfly needle may be necessary if the vein collapses with the evacuated tube system.
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True
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A person should sustain from eating for how many hours prior to a fasting blood test?
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12 (book).
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To measure diurnal variation of cortisol hormone what kind of specimen would be required ?
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Timed
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Postprandial means________.
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after eating
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The OGTT (oral Glucose Tolerance test or GTT test diagnoses _____________
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diabetes
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In therapeutic blood monitoring, the trough levels are tested ___________
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30 minutes BEFORE the scheduled dose.
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Blood cultures are used to diagnose ______________?
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FUO (fever of unknown origin)
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What part of the infant is a PKU test performed on ?
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Heel
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What special handling does a cold agglutinins test require ?
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pre-warmed tubes
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What special handling does an ABG (Arterial Blood Gases) require ?
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chilling
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Which test is NOT a light sensitive test ?
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porphyrins
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What is the recommended depth of a heel puncture on an infant?
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2.0mm
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Blood Culture tests can be done with a dermal puncture when venipuncture is not possible.
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False. Blood cultures required 5cc-10cc collected.
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The first tube in the order of draw for capillary specimens are lavender.
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True. Micro-containers has reverse order of draw.
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In the order of draw for capillary specimens should you draw tubes with or without additives first?
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With additives first
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Which order of draw is correct?
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Regular method: red, green, lavender
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The order of draw for venipuncture is BC, blue, Red-serum, green, Lavender(EDTA), gray.
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True
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Which tube is used for PTT?
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Light Blue
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Which tube is used for a sickle cell (anemia) screen?
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Lavender
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Blood cultures are collected in a __________ tube.
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Yellow
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Which tube contains sodium citrate?
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Light Blue
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Which tube would you use to measure lactic acid ?
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Gray
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Microorganisms cultures are collected in ____________ tubes.
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Yellow
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To check for trace elements a phlebotomist would use a ________ tube.
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Royal Blue. Toxicology/Microbiology (not in the order of draw) special use
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What tube is used for a WBC differential?
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Lavender
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Ammonia chemical test would be done with a ___________ tube.
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Green
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Sodium Citrate is the additive in which tube?
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Light Blue
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What tube is used for ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate?
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Lavender - to discover if there's an inflammation.
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What organ would a doctor be interested in if he ordered an ALP, AST, ALT, GGT and bilirubin?
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Liver (aka Liver Panel tests)
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How many times should a red top tube be inverted?
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0 according to textbook/NHA exam. Note: Real life you do invert.
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Invert a Gray Tube ___________ times.
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8-10 times
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Which tube is sometimes called a serum separator tube?
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Red/gray (aka tiger top)
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How many times to invert a red/gray tiger top ?
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5
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Lavender tubes must be 2/3 full.
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True
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Lavender, yellow, and green tubes should all be inverted 8 times each.
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True
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How many times should a light-blue tube be inverted?
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3-4 times
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Light Blue tubes must be _________ full.
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Completely. no vacuum left. Blood ratio: 9:1
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Sodium Fluoride preserves glucose for how many days?
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3 days (72hrs)
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A CBC would be sent to what lab section?
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hemotology (lavender top)
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Where is the blood collected, stored, and prepared for transfusions?
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Blood Bank
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Which lab section would analyze the C&S test?
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Microbiolgy - Culture & Sensitivity
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What are the 3 components of an urinalysis?
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Physical, chemical, microscopic exams
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What is the first link in the chain of infection?
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Agent - because it's the source.
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Contact, droplet and airborne are ______________.
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Modes of transmission
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Which is NOT a common symptom of shock ?
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Blinking eyes
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When someone is in shock you should keep them cool.
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False
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An open wound can be a portal of entry in an infection chain.
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True
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Medical asepsis is the destruction of pathogens outside the body.
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True
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What is the most important step in preventing infections?
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handwashing
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Which is not a PPE ?
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Room dividers
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All patients are presumed to be infectious for
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Blood Borne pathogens
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Always recap your needle before putting it into the sharps container.
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False
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What is a Systemic Circulation of the heart?
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It is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
