Neuroscience Test – Flashcards
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The nineteenth century that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called: a. evolutionary psychology b. behavior genetics c. molecular biology d. biolological psychology e. phrenology
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E
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Dendrites are branching extensions of: a. neurotransmitters b. endorphins c. neurons d. glial cells e. endocrine glands
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C
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An axon is: a. a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system b. a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons c. an antagonist molecule that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites d. the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body e.a junction between a sending and receiving nueron
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D
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In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the _____ of a single neuron a. cell body to the axon to the dendrites b. dendrites to the axon to the cell body c. axon to the cell body to the dentrites d. dendrites to the cell body to the axon e. axon to the dendrites to the cell body
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D
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A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the: a. synapse b. agonist c. action potential d. myelin sheath e. refractory period
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C
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The part of a neuro that transmits neural messages to the other neurons or to muscles or glands is called the: a. dendrite b. synapse c. association area d. axon e. cell body
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D
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Resting potential is to action potential as ______ is to ______. a. association area; neural network b. sensory neuron; motor neuron c. temporal lob; occipital lobe d. polarization; depolarization e. right hemisphere; left hemisphere
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D
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An all-or-none response pattern is characteristic of the: a. initiation of neural impulses b. release of endorphins into the central nervous system c. relase of hormones into the bloodstream d. activation of either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system e. inheritance of behavioral predispositions
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A
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The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called: a. hormones b. neurotransmitters c. synapses d. genes e. glial cells
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B
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The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called: a. neurotransmitters b. neural networks c. synapses d. association areas e. thresholds
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C
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When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is: a. depression b. muscular paralysis c. aggression d. schizophrenia e. euphoria
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B
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Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as a. acetylcholine b. serotonin c. endorphins d. dopamine e. epinephrine
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C
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In order for you to be able to run, _____ must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles. a. interneurons b. the cerebellum c. motor neurons d. the reticular formation e. the autonomic nervous system
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C
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In order for you to experience the pain of a sprained ankle, ______ must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous sytem. a. the limbic system b. interneurons c. the reticular formation d. motor neurons e. sensory neurons
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E
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The somatic nervous sytem is a component of the _____ nervous system a. peripheral b. autonomic c. central d. sympathetic e. parasympathetic
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A
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An accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed heartbeat as the ______ nervous system is to the ______ nervous system. a. somatic; autonomic b. autonomic; somatic c. central; peripheral d. sympathetic; parasympathetic e. parasympathetic; sympathetic
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D
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The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by the interneurons in the: a. limbic system b. spinal cord c. brainstem d. cerebellum e. frontal lobe
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B
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Information travels from the spinal cord to the brain via: a. interneurons b. circulatory system c. sensory neurons d. sympathetic nervous system e. endocrine system
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A
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The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called: a. neurotransmitters b. glial cells c. hormones d. agonists e. genes
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C
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Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the: a thyroid gland b. pituitary gland c. parathyroids d. adrenal glands e. pancreas
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D
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Which endocrine gland regulates body growth? a. parathyroid b. adrenal c. thyroid d. pituitary e. pancreas
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D
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The ovaries in females and the testes in males are part of the: a. limbic system b. endocrine system c. sympathetic nervous system d. reticular formation e. central nervous system
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B
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Surgical destruction of the brain tissue is called: a. endorphin b. EEG c. synapse D. lesion E. MRI
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D
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The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use: a. EEG b. MRI c. PET scan d. brain lesion e. X-ray
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B
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The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily older to the newest is: a. limbic system, brainstem, cerebral cortex b. Brainstem, cerebral cortex, limbic system c. limbic system, cerebral cortex, brainstem d. brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex e. cerebral cortex, brainstem, limbic system
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D
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The reticular formation is located in the: a. brainstem b. limbic system c. sensory cortex d. motor cortex e. cerebellum
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A
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Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing your to a state of alertness when someone nearby metnions your name? a. reticular formation b. cerebellum c. hypothalamus d. amygdala e. medulla
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A
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Your life would be immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the: a. amygdala b. hippocampus c. angular gyrus d. corpus callosum e. medulla
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E
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Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your: a. corpus callosum b. angular gyrus c. hippocampus d. amygdala e. thalamus
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E
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Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex? a. thalamus b. amygdala c. medulla d. hippocampus e. cerebellum
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A
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The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the: a. cerebellum b. amygdala c. reticular formation d. hypothalamus e. medulla
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D
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Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the a. thalamus b. cerebellum c. reticular formation d. limbic system e. angular gyrus
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D
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The occipital lobes are to _______ as the temporal lobes are to _______ a. hearing; sensing movement b. seeing; sensing touch c. sensing pleasure; sensing pain d. seeing; hearing e. speaking; hearing
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D
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An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the: a. angular gyrus b. hypothalamus c. motor cortex d. reticular formation e. frontal association area
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C
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The most extensive regions of the brain, which enable learing and memory, are called the: a. reticular formation b. medulla c. sensory areas d. cerebellum e. association areas
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E
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The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as: a. Wernicke's area b. Broca's area c. amygdala d. angular gyrus e. reticular formation
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B
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The capacity of one brain to take over the function of another damaged brain area is known as brain: a. tomography b. phrenology c. hemispherectomy d. aphasia e. plasticity
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E
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Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patient in order to reduce: a. aphasia b. epileptic seizures c. depression d. neural plasticity e. reward deficiency syndrome
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B
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Research on left-handedness suggest that: a. genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness b. a greater proportion of women that men are left-handed c. left-handers generally demonstration less artistic competence than right-handers d. most left-handers process language primarily in their right hemisphere e. left-handers live longer than right-handers
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A
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Deaf people whose native language is sign best illustrates: a. aphasia b. tomography c. plasticity d. phrenology e. hemispherectomy
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C
