Network Management Principles and Practice – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN.1)
answer
A formalized syntax language used to define managed objects.
question
Access Mode
answer
The MIB access privilege defined in an SNMP agent based on community name to a network element—read only or read-write.
question
Access Policy
answer
A pairing of an SNMP community name with an SNMP community profile is defined as SNMP access policy.
question
Accounting Management
answer
Administration of cost allocation of the usage of network resources.
question
ADSL Transmission Unit (ATU)
answer
ATU is an ADSL modem. ATU-C is located at the central office and ATU-R is at the remote (customer premises) site.
question
Agent Module
answer
A management software module resident in a network component that can be queried for information by another software module resident in network manager. The agent module can also generate and transmit information in an unsolicited manner. These are called notifications (traps in SNMPv1).
question
Aggregate Managed Object
answer
A group of related managed objects. It is represented by a conceptual table of rows, each row comprising a list of scalar managed objects. The columns of the table are columnar objects, with each row being an instance of the entry. This group is distinct from MIB groups.
question
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
answer
A digital-to-analog modulation scheme in which the carrier is amplitude modulated.
question
Application Control Service Element (ACSE)
answer
Sets up and coordinates the activities of setting up and releasing an association with an application. This is used in conjunction with ROSE in OSI management.
question
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
answer
Digital subscriber line that carries multimedia information from the central office to the customer premises. The downstream and upstream frequencies are different, hence the term asymmetric.
question
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
answer
A cell-based technology that is used to transport digital data. A switch that switches ATM protocol is called ATM switch.
question
ATM Forum
answer
An industry-sponsored international organization accelerating cooperation on ATM technology.
question
Authentication Key
answer
A secret key derived from a chosen password of the user (SNMPv3) that is used in authenticating the legitimacy of the user accessing a secure system.
question
Autodiscovery
answer
In a network management system, the process of discovering the components of a network-automatically, usually using the ping commands. This is done when the system is turned on and during maintenance on a scheduled basis.
question
Basic Encoding Rules (BER)
answer
The encoding rules used to code ASN.1 syntax defined objects. SNMP message is encoded in BER using type, length, and value (TLV).
question
Beacon
answer
A management enabling stations to establish and maintain communications in an ad-hoc wireless network in an orderly fashion.
question
Bridge
answer
A device that connects two LANs at the data link layer.
question
Broadband Networks
answer
Broadband networks are multimedia networks that provide integrated services of voice, video, and data over the same medium. It is the short form for broadband ISDN (BISDN). The network comprises WAN using ATM technology and the local loop based on cable, digital subscriber line, and wireless technologies. The services offered are referred to as broadband services.
question
Cable Modem
answer
A device used in broadband services that modulates and demodulates from the customer equipment to the radio frequency signal that is carried on the cable.
question
Case-based Reasoning
answer
A paradigm used in network management that is based on comparing a problem to previously encountered cases to derive the cause of the problem.
question
Cipher Block Chaining Method of Data Encryption Standard (CBC-DES)
answer
A symmetric encryption protocol recommended in SNMPv3 for secure communication.
question
Codebook
answer
In network management, codebook is a matrix of problems and symptoms that is generated modeling the network. Multiple symptoms are correlated to isolate the root cause of the problem.
question
Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)
answer
OSI standard management protocol, which is object-oriented.
question
Common Management Information Service (CMIS)
answer
A management service function provided in OSI management that uses CMIP protocol. CMISE is a CMIS Element.
question
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
answer
CORBA standard provides a communication bus for distributed applications to interact over the network.
question
Community
answer
Pairing of two SNMP entities that can communicate with each other is called an SNMP community and is given a name community name. All SNMP entities with the same community name can communicate with each other. A pairing of MIB view with SNMP access mode is called community profile.
question
Compliance
answer
Defined in SNMPv2 as the minimum set of modules and mandatory groups that should be implemented in an SNMP entity for it to be declared compatible with SNMP.
question
Configuration Management
answer
Setting and changing of configuration of networks and network components.
question
Conformance
answer
SNMPv2 defines conformance in units of OBJECT-GROUPS. The SNMP conformance of a product is specified including compliance modules and additional OBJECT-GROUPS.
question
CORBA Agent
answer
A server with IDL interfaces for each GDMO.
question
CORBA Management Technology
answer
Object-oriented CORBA-based technology for implementation of distributed management application architecture.
question
CORBA-based Manager
answer
A network manager with distributed management applications.
question
Counter
answer
An SNMP application-wide data type, whose value is a non-negative integer. Its value is monotonically increasing and wraps around when it reaches a maximum value.
question
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
answer
Any equipment in the customer or subscriber premises, which is connected to the service provider network. The CPE network interfaces to the service provider network at the "demarcation point."
question
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM)
answer
Wavelength Division Multiplexer is add-drop Optical signal multiplexer. DWDM was developed for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), which is an economical system.
question
DESCRIPTOR
answer
Defines a unique mnemonic name for an object type and begins with lower case letter.
question
Digital Over Cable System Interface Specifications (DOCSIS)
answer
Specifications for cable modem access technology approved by the MCNS industry consortium.
question
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
answer
Transmission link (loop) between the central office and the customer premises that carries information in a digital format. There are several implementations of DSL: Asymmetric DSL, in which the upstream and downstream bands are different; HDSL is high data rate DSL, which offers symmetric service at a higher data rate; VDSL, very high data rate DSL is asymmetric at a very high data rate (up to 52 Mbps).
question
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM)
answer
A device at the central office that multiplexes several ATU-C modems.
question
Discovery
answer
A process in network management system that discovers network elements and builds an inventory of network elements and links. See autodiscovery.
question
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
answer
Converts and dynamically allocates global IP address to local IP address in local networks.
question
Element Management System (EMS)
answer
Lowest level in management hierarchy that manages the network elements directly.
question
Emulated LAN (ELAN)
answer
Emulated LAN is an ATM network configured as a LAN and coexists with Ethernet LAN.
question
Ethernet
answer
A LAN based on bus architecture that uses CSMA/CD medium access protocol and operates at 10 Mbps speed. Fast Ethernet functions at 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet at 1 Gbps.
question
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
answer
A markup language for document exchange in the Web.
question
Fast Channel
answer
In ADSL, the channel that handles audio and real-time video with fast buffers.
question
Fault Management
answer
Detection and isolation of the problem causing the failure in the network.
question
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
answer
A LAN based on token-ring technology that uses fiber medium and operates at 100 Mbps. It can be implemented as either a single or a dual ring configuration.
question
Forward Equivalent Class (FEC)
answer
FEC is used to map forwarding of a packet to a next hop port in a router.
question
Gateway
answer
A router that connects two networks and can perform protocol conversion.
question
Gauge
answer
An SNMP application-wide data type, whose value is a non-negative integer. Its value can move either up or down and pegs at a maximum value.
question
Get-Bulk-Request
answer
An SNMP message issued by the manager to an agent to retrieve a group of managed objects and their values in bulk.
question
Get-Next-Request
answer
An SNMP message issued by the manager to an agent to retrieve the object ID and the value of the next managed object in the MIB.
question
Get-Request
answer
An SNMP message issued by the manager to an agent to retrieve the value of a managed object.
question
Get-Response
answer
An SNMP message issued by an agent to a manager in response to either a get or set request message. It is simply called response in SNMPv2.
question
Guidelines for Definition of Managed Objects (GDMO)
answer
The technique that is adopted to specify managed objects in OSI management using templates.
question
Half Bridge/Half Router
answer
Provides a method to connect a LAN via a bridge to a router. This configuration is deployed for access to service provider by small office-home office customer on an as-required basis using a dial-up link.
question
High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL)
answer
Digital subscriber line that operates in duplex mode at T1 or E1 rate.
question
HMAC Protocols
answer
The authentication protocols used for authentication scheme in security management. It is based on hashing algorithm (H) to derive message access code (MAC). Two common algorithms used in SNMP security management are HMAC-MD5-96 and HMAC-SHA-96.
question
HomePlug
answer
HomePlug, also known as PLC (Power Line Communication), distributes data over power line in the house.
question
HomePNA
answer
HomePNA (Home Phoneline Network Alliance) is a technology that can distribute broadband over the phone line in the house.
question
Hub
answer
A LAN in a box. It is a hybrid of star topology with either Ethernet or token-ring configuration inside the hub.
question
Hybrid Fiber Coaxial Cable (HFC) Technology
answer
The HFC technology is based on multimedia services provided over the television cable system. It is also called cable modem technology.
question
Inform-Request
answer
An SNMPv2 message from a manager to another manager.
question
Inheritance
answer
In OSI network management, managed object classes are inherited from other managed objects. There are several categories of inheritance, such as single inheritance and multiple inheritance.
question
Instructional Scientific and Medical Service (ISM)
answer
A wireless transmission system that operates over two frequency bands (902-928 MHz) and (2400-2483.5 MHz) with a range of 0.5 and 15 miles, respectively.
question
Integrated Local Management Interface (ILMI)
answer
A management interface between two ATM interface management entities (IMFs) that provides view of configuration and fault parameters across user network interface (UNI).
question
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
answer
Integrated voice and digital services over a single medium. Narrow-band ISDN, referred to as basic rate, carries two channels. Broadband ISDN, or simply broadband services, is a cell-based technology at high data rate.
question
Interleaved Channel
answer
In ADSL, the channel that handles data signal, which can tolerate latency and hence interleaved between the fast channel signal.
question
Internet
answer
A worldwide network that is based on TCP/IP suite of protocols.
question
IpAddress
answer
An SNMP application-wide data type that defines four groups of dotted decimal notation of IPv4.
question
Java Management Extensions (JMX)
answer
A Java-based management architecture proposed by Sun Microsystems.
question
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
answer
LDP is the protocol used by egress LSR to notify LSP to all the affected routers.
question
Label Switching Path (LSP)
answer
End-to-end path of an MPLS circuit.
question
Label Switching Router (LSR)
answer
A router capable of supporting MPLS protocol.
question
Local Area Network (LAN)
answer
A LAN is a shared medium serving many DTEs located in close proximity, as in a building or a campus environment.
question
Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
answer
A wireless transmission system that operates over two frequency bands (27,500-28,350 MHz) and (31,000-31,000 MHz) with a range of about 3 miles.
question
M-ACTION
answer
An OSI management service element that performs operation in managed objects and sends confirmations on an optional basis.
question
Managed Object
answer
Commonly, a network element that can be managed remotely by network management system. In TCP/IP-based network management, it consists of object type and object instance. A rigor-ous definition of a managed object is that it is a node in the MIB that could be either a physical or a logical entity.
question
Managed Object Class
answer
An object-oriented definition of managed objects in OSI network management.
question
Management Information Base (MIB)
answer
A management information tree containing Internet management objects. A management object holds a unique position and ID in the MIB. The portion of the MIB that a network element permits an SNMP agent to access is called MIB view.
question
Management Information Tree
answer
A hierarchical tree structure used to organize managed objects and object classes. It is called MIB.in SNMP and naming tree or containment tree in OSI.
question
Management of Web Services (MOWS)
answer
Management model to manage Web services.
question
Management Using Web Services (MUWS)
answer
Use of Web services for a system management framework.
question
M-CANCEL-GET
answer
An OSI management service element that cancels a request message.
question
M-CREATE
answer
An OSI management service element that creates a management object class.
question
M-DELETE
answer
An OSI management service element that deletes a management object class.
question
Media Access Control Protocol
answer
Lower sublayer protocol in OSI layer 2 that interfaces with the physical layer protocol.
question
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
answer
It can be defined as that segment of the network that connects the wide area network to the broadband access network. There are wired and wireless MANs. While the latter is actually access network for the metropolitan area, the former is concerned with extending the WAN closer to the head end of the access network.
question
M-EVENT-REPORT
answer
An OSI management service element that generates unsolicited notifications to another open system.
question
M-GET
answer
An OSI management service element that retrieves attributes and values from managed objects.
question
MIB Browser
answer
An SNMP tool to browse through the MIB. It is also called MIB walk.
question
M-interface
answer
Five interfaces M1-M5 are defined between network management system and either private or public networks for management of telecommunication networks including ATM networks.
question
MODULE-IDENTITY
answer
An ASN.1 macro that describes the semantics of an information module in ASN.1 syntax.
question
M-SET
answer
An OSI management service element that sets or modifies attributes of managed objects.
question
Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS)
answer
A wireless transmission system that operates over the frequency band of 2500-2686 MHz with a range of up to 35 miles.
question
Multiple Systems Operator (MSO)
answer
MSO is a service provider, which owns and operates several cable television systems and used to provide primarily cable TV service. MSOs are now providing broadband services over cable.
question
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label
answer
A label is a short, fixed length, locally significant identifier, which is used to identify a FEC.
question
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Network
answer
MPLS is a WAN technology that replaces IP and ATM networks. It combines the richness of IP and the performance of ATM networks
question
Multitechnology Network Management (MTNM)
answer
A management system that manages network of multitechnology multivendor network elements.
question
Multitechnology OSI (MTOSI)
answer
A TM Forum standard for framework for OS-OS integration.
question
Network Address Translator
answer
Converts global IP to local IP address.
question
Network Interface Device/Unit (NID/NIU)
answer
A device at the customer premises, which is the demarcation point between the customer network and service provider network.
question
Network Management System (NMS)
answer
A platform that houses the network manager module. It monitors and controls the network components from a centralized operation.
question
Network Operations Center (NOC)
answer
A centralized operation to monitor and manage the network using network management tools and systems.
question
NMS Client
answer
A client platform, which accesses NMS server remotely and performs operations on it. An HTML browser can be used as an NMS client.
question
NMS Server
answer
A platform in which NMS software runs in a server-client architecture.
question
NOTIFICATION-TYPE
answer
An ASN.1 macro of notification, which is an event or alarm generated by a network management agent and sent to a network management system in SNMPv2 and SNMPv3. It is termed as TRAP-TYPE in SNMPv1.
question
OAMP (Traditionally OAM&P)
answer
Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning functions in the telecommunications industry.
question
Object
answer
An object type, and associated instance.
question
Object Identifier
answer
Identifies an object type and is a node in the MIB. It is described in terms of a sequence of numbers or DESCRIPTORs that describes its position in the MIB, or abbreviated by the name of a reference object type followed by a sequence of numbers from that node.
question
Object Type
answer
The component of the managed object that is defined by SMI and in the MIB. In TCP/IP management, it consists of an object identifier defined by ASN.1 syntax OBJECT-TYPE, and encoded using BER. It does not include object instance.
question
Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi)
answer
A residential software platform that acts as a gateway to residential network. It supports integration of different home networking technologies and delivery of different services and components, called bundles, from service providers.
question
Operations System (OS)
answer
Operations system, in the telecommunications industry, is used to control the network and network elements. The term is used in ADSL technology and TMN. The operations system does not directly play a role in the information transfer, but helps in the OAMP of network and information systems.
question
Optical Carrier (OC)
answer
The data rate unit of SONET (OC-n) digital hierarchy in the USA. The data rate is 51.84 Mbps.
question
Optical Line Termination (OLT)
answer
Termination point at the central office of PON link.
question
Optical Network Unit (ONU)
answer
Demarcation point between access network and home network in PON. The ONU may contain a passive or active element that divides access network into individual subscriber cables.
question
Passive Optical Network (PON)
answer
Fiber access network in broadband system.
question
Performance Management
answer
Monitoring and management of performance parameters of network and network components.
question
Personal Area Network (PAN)
answer
There are several wireless personal area networks, each for a specific application and primarily used at residences for short range. Bluetooth is the most popular one, which is specified in IEEE 802.15.1 and is in the unlicensed spectrum of 2.4 GHz. PAN with network control applications for home devices that require low data rate, are specified in IEEE 802.15.4
question
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
answer
A digital-to-analog modulation scheme in which the phase of the carrier signal is modulated.
question
Ping
answer
A network tool to test the connectivity to a remote device.
question
Protocol Converter
answer
A node in a network, which does protocol conversion at layers above the network layer. It is similar to the gateway, which does protocol conversion at the network layer.
question
Proxy Server
answer
An SNMP device that converts any protocol to an SNMP-compatible MIB and protocol. It is also used to convert SNMPv1 to SNMPv2 protocol.
question
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
answer
A digital-to-analog modulation scheme in which the carrier is modulated with a combination of amplitude and phase modulation. It is used in HFC and ADSL access technologies.
question
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
answer
A digital-to-analog modulation scheme in which the phase of the carrier signal is modulated based on four levels of the signal represented by four phase states. It is used in HFC technology.
question
Rediscovery
answer
Periodic check by NMS for the configuration change in the network.
question
Remote Monitoring (RMON)
answer
Remotely monitoring the network with a probe is termed RMON. The monitored information, gathered and analyzed by RMON, is transmitted to a remote network management system. RMON1 deals with the data link control layer and RMON2 covers all the higher layers.
question
Remote Operation Service Element (ROSE)
answer
Issues request to remote system and receives responses in an asynchronous mode. This module is used in conjunction with ACSE in OSI management.
question
Residential Gateway
answer
The gateway component that is between the access network and home network. It handles primarily the communication interface and can also have application modules in it.
question
Response
answer
An SNMP message in SNMPv2. See Get-response.
question
Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
answer
RCA correlates multiple alarms from a single fault, localizes the problem, shows the primary alarm, and suppresses secondary alarms.
question
Router
answer
A device that does the routing function of packets in a network.
question
Rule-based Reasoning
answer
An if-then paradigm used in network management that is based on comparing a problem to previously encountered situations to arrive at the source of the problem.
question
Security Management
answer
Securing legal access to network resources and protecting the information during transfer of data from modification of information, masquerade, message stream modification, and disclosure.
question
Service Level Agreement (SLA)
answer
SLA is a part of a service contract where the level of service, such as service availability and performance, is formally defined and agreed upon between the service provider and subscriber or customer.
question
Set-Request
answer
An SNMP message from a manager to an agent to set the parameters of a network element.
question
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
answer
Internet/TCP-IP-based network management protocol.
question
Single Line Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)
answer
A high data rate digital subscriber line in which two-way duplex communication occurs over a single twisted pair.
question
SNMP Framework
answer
Defines a version of SNMP and comprises subsystems and models. SNMP Frameworks are specified for SNMPv1, SNMPv2, and SNMPv3.
question
Source Routing Bridged Network
answer
A network based on token-ring bridges, in which the source node determines the path of the packet.
question
Spectrum Management System
answer
In HFC link management, a system that deals with the management of RF spectrum allocated to different digital services, both in the upstream and downstream.
question
Structure of Management Information (SMI)
answer
Definitions for the structure of management information. It defines managed objects and their characteristics, as well as the relationship between the objects.
question
Switch
answer
A device that switches analog and digital data.
question
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
answer
The name used in Europe for the digital hierarchy that is used in ATM network. The data rate is an integral multiple of 51.84 Mbps. Equivalent name in United States is SONET.
question
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
answer
The name used in United States for the digital hierarchy (OC-n) that is used in ATM network. The basic SONET rate (OC-3) is 155.52 Mbps and is three times that of the basic optical carrier (OC-1) of 51.84 Mbps. Equivalent term in Europe is SDH.
question
Synchronous Transport Signal (STS)
answer
The data rate unit of SDH (STS-n) digital hierarchy in Europe. The data rate is 51.84 Mbps.
question
System Network Architecture
answer
IBM proprietary network architecture.
question
Tcpdump
answer
A network tool to monitor the IP packets in a network. A similar tool is called a sniffer.
question
Telecommunications Management Network (TMN)
answer
The management of telecommunications network was developed by International Standards Organization as part of ISO management. Hence, it is strongly based on ISO network management.
question
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
answer
TDMA is normally used for carrying information from multiple stations to the head end. The individual station information is multiplexed with others under the control of the head end.
question
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
answer
Mode of transmission in which signals are assigned time-divided slots in multiplexing in TDM systems.
question
TimeTicks
answer
An SNMP application-wide data type, which measures time in units of hundredths of a second.
question
TMF 814
answer
A standard protocol between EMS and NMS that is specified by the TM Forum.
question
Topology
answer
A map of the interconnections between routers and switches. Topology representation is done at the network layer (layer 3) or the data link layer (layer 2).
question
Traceroute
answer
A UNIX network tool to test the route to a remote device. A similar tool in Microsoft Windows in tracert.
question
Traffic Engineering (TE)
answer
Configuration of traffic flow that is concerned with performance optimization of operational networks.
question
Transparent Bridged Network
answer
A network of Ethernet-based bridges with a tree topology.
question
Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
answer
A suite of transport-layer/network-layer protocols that forms the basis for Internet network.
question
Trap
answer
An alarm or an event generated by a management agent and sent unsolicited to a network management system.
question
Ultra Wide Band (UWB)
answer
A personal area network carrying information in a very high bandwidth spectrum at 3-10 GHz band that is least impacted by noise.
question
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
answer
A high data rate serial interface out of PC. USB hub multiple interfaces from a single interface.
question
User-based Security Model (USM)
answer
The security subsystem specified in SNMPv3 that is based on the traditional user name concept.
question
Very High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL)
answer
VDSL is similar to ADSL and operates at a very high data rate over shorter lines.
question
Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT)
answer
VSAT is direct transmission to home using geosynchronous satellite. It is more used to access difficult-to-access remote sites and back-up link by service providers.
question
View-based Access Control Model (VACM)
answer
The access control scheme defined in SNMPv3 that is more secure and flexible than the simple access policy defined in SNMPv1.
question
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
answer
Virtual LAN is a LAN that is based on switched hub technology and enables stations to be assigned to different LANs administratively. They are not restrained by the physical configuration of LAN networks.
question
Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM)
answer
is multiplexing at optical wavelength and is identical to frequency division multiplexing at (relatively) lower frequencies. Information can be transmitted over multiple wavelengths using multiple transmission protocols.
question
Web-based Enterprise Management (WBEM)
answer
A project undertaken by Desk Top Management Task Force to bring different management systems under one umbrella using Microsoft object-oriented framework, Common Information Module.
question
WiFi
answer
Commercial name for WLAN using IEEE 802.11a/b/g protocols.
question
WiFi Protected Access (WPA)
answer
Enhanced security protocol for WiFi network.
question
WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
answer
A common name for Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) using IEEE 802.16 protocol.
question
Wired Equivalency protocol (WEP)
answer
Early version of security protocol for WiFi network.
question
Wireless LAN
answer
Wireless LAN with IEEE 802.11a/b/g interface.
question
XML-based Network Management
answer
A management architecture comprising XML-based agent in devices and XML-based NMS with communication transported using XML over HTTP.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New