question

vassal

answer

(n.) a person under the protection of a feudal lord to whom he or she owes allegiance; a subordinate or dependent; a servant; (adj.) subservient

question

Dufay

answer

Burgundian composer. Missa l'homme arme combines secular cantus firmus with sacred genre (no problem with that).

question

Binchois

answer

The Most important composer at the court of Phillip the Bold at the Burgundian court, who was part of the forces occupying France, composed De plus en plus (Burgundian Chanson)

question

15th Mass

answer

Set these five chants as seperate movements, Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus and Agnus Dei. These chants became a cycle with one unifying theme in each.

question

punctum contra punctum

answer

point by point

question

counterpoint

answer

Literally "point against point"; also refers to more than one independent musical lines; found in 18th century

question

Concerto

answer

A musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra, esp. one conceived on a relatively large scale, 17th century term to indicate broadly any work consisting of multiple forces, such as voices and instruments. from the 18th century onward, the term was reserved primarily for works featuring a soloist or soloists contrasted against a larger ensemble.

question

Solo Concerto

answer

Single instrument and full orchestra

question

adrian willaert

answer

(c. 1490 - 7 December 1562) was a Flemish composer of the Renaissance and founder of the Venetian School. [1] He was one of the most representative members of the generation of northern composers who moved to Italy and transplanted the polyphonic Franco-Flemish style there.

question

Josquin des Prez

answer

(1440-1521) The most versatile and gifted composer of the Mid-Renaissance. He fused secular with liturgical. His work was polyphonic with 4 voice lines: sopranos, altos, tenors, and basses. He uses rhythm as well as imitation.

question

Johannes Ockeghem

answer

A French composer during the Renaissance who used the Burgundian style while gaining influence from Dufay's work.

question

Orlando de Lassus

answer

"A Franco-Flemish composer of late Renaissance music. Today considered to be the chief representative of the mature polyphonic style of the Franco-Flemish School, and he was the most famous and influential musician in Europe at the end of the 16th century."

question

Jacob Obrecht

answer

he used imitation more frequently than earlier composers. His melodic ideas are relatively short and well defined.

question

Martin Luther

answer

16th century German monk and professor who is considered to be the person who started the Protestant Reformation; he began by criticizing Church practices (mainly indulgences) and ultimately broke with the Catholic Church to form his own new religious faith

question

Johann Walter

answer

(1496-1570) Contemporary of Martin Luther, urged by him to set Luther's chorale tunes in polyphony for trained church choirs. Published his Geistliche Gesangbuchlein (Little Book of Spiritual Songs) in 1524, the first monument of Protestant church music.

question

Jean Calvin

answer

French Protestant (16th century) who stressed doctrine of predestination; established center of his group at Swiss canton of Geneva; encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education; Calvinism spread from Switzerland to northern Europe and North America

question

Louis Bourgeois

answer

a French composer and music theorist of the Renaissance. He is most famous as one of the main compilers of Calvinist hymn tunes in the middle of the 16th century. One of the most famous melodies in all of Christendom, the Protestant doxology known as the Old 100th, is commonly attributed to him.

question

Palestrina

answer

Composer at the end of the Renaissance (died approx. 1600). Renowned for the purity and smoothness of his music. Spent most of his career in Rome. The Golden Age of Polyphony ends with him.

question

Queen Elizabeth 1

answer

Came to power in 1558; made Protestantism the dominant power in England. The "Virgin Queen"

question

Giovanni Maria Artusi

answer

the theorist of "prima pratica" (or "stile antico") who published a very strong attack on some madrigals written by Monteverdi, accusing him of his impermissible uses of dissonance in passing and neighboring tones as well as his use of appoggiaturas and escape tones.

question

Claudio Monteverdi

answer

1567-1643; transition from madrigal to opera scene; last great madrigal composer; L'Orfeo is considered the first masterpiece of the opera literature

question

Francesco Petrarch

answer

Known as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He lived from 1304-1374 as a cleric and committed his life to humanistic pursuits and careful study of the classics. He resisted writing in the Italian vernacular except for his sonnets, which were composed to his "lady love" who spoke no Latin.

question

Carlo Gesualdo Prince of Vernosa

answer

Renaissance Music Composer-As a composer of the late Renaissance, he is remembered for writing intensely expressive madrigals and sacred music that uses a chromatic language not used until the late 19th century. Murderer

question

Andrea Gabrieli

answer

Italian Renaissance composer and organist, known for his madrigals and his large-scale choral and instrumental music for public ceremonies. His finest work was composed for the acoustic resources of the Cathedral of St. Mark in Venice. He was the uncle of Giovanni Gabrieli.

question

Giovanni Gabrieli

answer

This composer was an organist at St. Mark's who wrote polychoral music and contributed to the genres of the large sacred concerto. His Sonata pin-e forte is the first to display dynamic markings. worked at St. Mark's in Venice. Church design allowed for splitting of performers into smaller groups in different parts of church. Beginning of baroque musical ideal (the contrast between groups).

question

Tomas Luis de Victoria

answer

Most famous Spanish composer. All sacred intended for Catholic services. Mastered Palestrina's style.

question

William Byrd

answer

1540-1623 "Sing joyfully unto god" leading coposer of late 16th early 17th century, student of Thomas Talis, "Gradualia" contain complete polyphonic mass propers for the major days of the church year

question

Thomas Tallis

answer

versatile composer who wrote music for the Puritans, Anglicans, and the Catholics; worked with William Byrd during Eizabethan time (Queen Elizabeth)

question

John Dowland

answer

English lute composer who served in the court of Denmark. Most famous song: Flow, my tears, matches the dark mood of the poetry.

question

Heinrich Glarean

answer

wrote the Dodecahedron (Twelve-String Instruments) that acknowledged the presence of two new modes, Aeolian and Ionian

question

Gioseffo Zarlino

answer

(1517-1590) Wrote "Le istitutioni harmoniche," which further supported Tinctoris' thoughts, and banning parallel fifths and octaves.

question

Ottaviano Petrucci

answer

He was the first publisher of music. His first publication was the Harmonice musices Odhecaton A (the Odhecaton) in 1501. It is important because it is the first published music.

question

Pierre Attaignanti

answer

prominent French music printer and publisher in the Renaissance who was one of the earliest to use single-impression printing.

question

Maddalena Casulana

answer

first woman whose music was published and first to regard herself as professional composer

question

Michael Praetorius

answer

A German composer, theorist, and organist whose book, "Syntagma musicum" displayed the rich variety of instruments available to composers in the 17th century.

question

Cipriano del Rore

answer

was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance, active in Italy. Not only was he central representative of the generation of Franco-Flemish composers after Josquin des Prez who went to live and work in Italy, but he was one of the most prominent composers of madrigals in the middle of the 16th century. His experimental, chromatic, and highly expressive style had a decisive influence on the subsequent development of that secular music form

question

Heinrich Issac

answer

Franco Flemish composer contemporary of Josquin De Prez and became an employee of Holy Roman Emperor wrote chansons, motets, Frotolla. Lied, tenor lied, cantus firmus Mass

question

Count Bardi

answer

Held meetings of the Florentine Camerata in his house/castle. sponsored many early Baroque artists, including Giulio Caccini. organized the music for the Medici weddings

question

Jacopo Peri

answer

Baroque. Composer and Singer. Often called the inventor of opera. Works include Dafne (1597) and Euridice (1600)

question

Giulio Caccini

answer

(ca. 1550-1618) famous singer, lutenist, and composer; published monodies in Le Nuove Musiche (The New Music) (1601) and instructions on how to sing; used continuo technique to reconstruct lyre accompaniment of lyric poetry

question

Ottavio Rinuccini

answer

Italian Libretist and poet; wrote for Florentine academics and for entertainers; adapted lyric conversations to the recitative style

question

Emilio de Cavalieri

answer

was an Italian composer, producer, organist, diplomat, choreographer and dancer at the end of the Renaissance era. His work, along with that of other composers active in Rome, Florence and Venice, was critical in defining the beginning of the musical Baroque era. A member of the Roman School of composers, he was an influential early composer of monody, and wrote what is usually considered to be the first oratorio.

question

The Medici Family

answer

Bankers to the Pope. Controlled Florence. Great Patrons (supporters) of the Arts and Sciences. Paid for many great works of art.

question

Luis de Narvaez

answer

Spanish vihuelist and composer, active in the mid-16th century, who wrote the collection, "Los seys libros del Delphin", the first collection to include diferencias or "sets of variations".

question

Girolamo Frescobaldi

answer

1583-1643, composer of improvisatory pieces for keyboard, used loosely connected sections with many musical ideas defined by changes in key/meter/style/register, restless quality, elaborate passagework, prominent use of suspensions, wrote functional music to fill the spaces in services/ceremonies

question

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck

answer

Dutch. Organist at Calvinist church, spent most of his time teaching.

question

Johann Jacob Froberger

answer

This composer's keyboard suites, particularly ordered "allemande-courante-sarabande-gigue," essentially standardized this practice in Germany after 1650

question

Antonio Stradivarius

answer

most famous violin maker (1644-1737)

question

Nicolo Amati

answer

Italian violin maker in Cremona (1596-1684)

question

Giusepp Bartolomeo Guarnerie

answer

was an Italian luthier from the Guarneri house of Cremona. He rivals Antonio Stradivari (1644-1737) with regard to the respect and reverence accorded his instruments, and he has been called the finest violin maker of the Amati line

question

Arcangelo Corelli

answer

Italian violinist and composer. Violin teacher. Laid the foundation for modern day violin technique.

question

Antonio Vivaldi

answer

1678-1741. italian. baroque, violin virtuoso, religious, soloist orchestra. priest and violinist. wrote compositions for female orphanage. most influential composer 600 concertos

question

J.S. Bach

answer

(1685-1750) An important German Baroque musician who played many instruments, he is best known for his Well-Tempered Clavier, his Brandenburg Concertos, and his organ works.

question

G.F. Handel

answer

1685-1759, self-taught keyboardist, played violin for Hamburg opera, composer of opera for King George I of England, promoted Italian opera in England, composes ballad operas

question

Elisabeth Claude Jacquet de la Guerre

answer

first french woman to write an opera

question

The Pio ospedale della Pieta

answer

convent orphanage and music school

question

Canon

answer

A polyphonic piece in which all parts are identical, but enter at different times. A round

question

Imitation

answer

A device used in polyphony in which one part follows another by repeating a similar or same passage played first by the other part.

question

Counterpoint

answer

"Note against note," The combination of two or more melodic lines played simultaneously; a horizontal structure

question

Polyphony

answer

(n): Music containing 2+ independent but harmonious melodies.

question

Franco-Flemish School

answer

A group of composers (Ockeghem, Josquin des Prez, Lassus) who flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries Renaissance. They came from present day Netherlands, Belguim and northern France. Their contributions were the establishment of a new vocal polyphonic style characterized by thte equality of all 4 parts, and the use of continuous imitation for a seamless structure. They influnced composers in Europe. E.g. Josquin: Ave Maria...virgo serena.

question

Inverison

answer

moving by the same intervals but in the opposite direction

question

Crab, or retrograde

answer

melody played backward

question

Retrograde Inversion

answer

Upside-down and backward statement of a MELODY or TWELVE-TONE ROW.

question

Augmentation

answer

Compositional technique in which a melodic line is repeated in longer note values. The opposite of diminution.

question

Diminution

answer

A Renaissance and Baroque ornamentation which consists of the restatement of a melody in which the note values are shortened, usually by half.

question

Cantus Firmus

answer

"fixed melody", usually of very long notes, often based on a fragment of Gregorian chant that served as the structural basis for a polyphonic composition, particularly in the Renaissance

question

Cantus Firmus Mass

answer

POLYPHONIC MASS in which the same CANTUS FIRMUS is used in each MOVEMENT, normally in the TENOR.

question

Canzona

answer

16th century italian genre, an instrument work adapted from a chanson or commposed in a similar style

question

Ricercare

answer

1. In the early to mid 16th century, a prelude in the style of an improvisation. 2. From the late 16th century on, an improvisational piece that treats one or more subjects in imitation

question

Stylized dance forms

answer

basse danse, pavane, galliard

question

a capella

answer

singing without instrumental accompaniment.

question

Tablature

answer

a musical notation indicating the fingering to be used

question

Intabulation

answer

Arrangement of a vocal piece for lute or keyboard, typically written in tablature

question

Protestant Reformation

answer

16th century series of religious actions which led to establishment of the Protestant churches. Led by Martin Luther

question

Catholic Counter-Reformation

answer

Reformation Catholic Church mounted a series of reforms and reasserted its authority., An internal reform of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century; thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability.

question

Council of Trent

answer

Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend.

question

Lutheran Chorale

answer

a monophonic spiritual melody or religious folksong of the Lutheran church, what today is called by many Christian denominations a "hymn."

question

Full Anthem

answer

anthem for unaccompanied choir in contrapuntal style

question

Verse Anthem

answer

anthem in which passages for solo voices with accompaniment alternate with passages for full choir doubled by instruments

question

Psalmody

answer

the act of singing psalms or hymns

question

Psalter

answer

a collection of Psalms for liturgical use

question

long meter

answer

syllable pattern of 8888

question

short meter

answer

6.6.8.6.

question

common meter

answer

8.6.8.6.

question

Theme and Variation

answer

ABA form a musical form in which a theme continually returns but is varied by changing the notes of the melody, the harmony, the rhythm, or some other feature of the music

question

Monody

answer

Baroque. Solo vocal style distinguished by having a single melodic line and instrumental accompaniment.

question

Intermedio

answer

a musical interlude on a pastoral, allegorical, or mythological subject performed between acts of a play

question

Pastoral drama

answer

a play in verse with music and songs interspersed

question

Recitative

answer

A vocal solo in opera, cantats, and oratorios that declaims the text in a sung-speech manner, in free rhythm with minimal accompainment.

question

Strophic Aria

answer

aria in which the same music is sung several times to different verses

question

da Capo Aria

answer

A ternary or A-B-A form that brings back the first section with embellishments improvised by the soloist.

question

Opera

answer

is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (called a libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting.

question

Sixteenth Century Madrigal

answer

a secular vocal music composition, usually a partsong, of the Renaissance and early Baroque eras. Traditionally, are unaccompanied; the number of voices varies from two to eight, and most frequently from three to six.

question

Libretto

answer

Text of an opera

question

Librettist

answer

Dramatist who writes the libretto, or text, of an opera.

question

Formes fixes

answer

schemes of poetic and musical repetition, each featuring a refrain, used in late medieval and 15th century french chansons; in particular, the ballade, rondeau, and virelai

question

15th century polyphonic chanson

answer

French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, set to either courtly or popular poetry. Secular

question

15th century polyphonic motet

answer

a polyphonic musical setting, sometimes in imitative counterpoint, for chorus, of a Latin text, usually sacred, not specifically connected to the liturgy of a given day, and therefore suitable for use in any service. The texts of antiphons were frequently used as motet texts. This is the sort of composition that is most familiarly designated by the term "motet," and the Renaissance period marked the flowering of the form.

question

Trio Sonata

answer

Baroque chamber sonata type written in three parts: two melody lines and the basso continuo; requires a total of four players to perform.

question

Sonata da camera

answer

Baroque Sonata, usually a suite of stylized dances, scored for one or more treble instruments and continuo.

question

Sonata da chiesa

answer

Church Sonata BAROQUE instrumental work intended for performance in church; usually in four MOVEMENTS-slow-fast-slow-fast-and scored for one or more TREBLE instruments and CONTINUO.

question

Sacred concerto

answer

A composition on a sacred text for one or more singers and instrumental accompaniment

question

Concerto grosso

answer

A Baroque concerto for a group of soloists. The first and last fast movements were in ritornello form. It originated in Italy.

question

Orchestral Concerto

answer

Orchestral GENRE in several MOVEMENTS, originating in the late seventeenth century, that emphasized the first VIOLIN part and the BASS, avoiding the more CONTRAPUNTAL TEXTURE of the SONATA.

question

Solo Concerto

answer

a concerto in which an orchestra and a single performer in turn present and develop the musical material in the spirit of harmonious competition

question

Lutheran Church Cantata

answer

form of Lutheran church music in the eighteenth century, combining poetic texts with texts drawn from the Chorals or the bible, and including recitatives, arias, chorale settings, and usually on or more choruses.

question

Oratorio

answer

a musical composition for voices and orchestra based on a religious text

question

Aeolian mode

answer

natural minor scale

question

Hypo-Aeolian mode

answer

literally meaning "below Aeolian", is the name assigned by Henricus Glareanus in his Dodecachordon (1547) to the musical plagal mode on A, which uses the diatonic octave species from E to the E an octave above, divided by the final into a second-species fourth (semitone-tone-tone) plus a first-species fifth (tone-semitone-tone-tone): E F G A + A B C D E (Powers 2001).

question

Ionian mode

answer

major scale

question

Hypo-ionian mode

answer

literally meaning "below Ionian", is the name assigned by Henricus Glareanus in his Dodecachordon (1547) to the plagal mode on C, which uses the diatonic octave species from G to the G an octave higher, divided at its final, C. This is roughly the same as playing all the white notes of a piano from G to G: G A B C | (C) D E F G (Powers 2001, 37).

question

First practice

answer

(Italian, 'first practice') Claudio Monteverdi's term for the style and practice of sixteenth-century POLYPHONY, in contradistinction to the SECONDA PRATICA.

question

Second practice

answer

Monteverdi's term for a practice of COUNTERPOINT and COMPOSITION that allows the rules of sixteenth-century counterpoint (the PRIMA PRATICA) to be broken in order to express the feelings of a text. Also called stile moderno.

question

Carnival Songs

answer

Short homophonic piece in 3 vocal parts (ABBA)

question

Frottola

answer

16th century genre of italian polyphonic song in mock-popular style, typically syllabic, homophonic, and diatonic, with the melody in the upper voice and marked rhythmic patterns.

question

Harpsichord suite

answer

A set of instrumental dance pieces, often composed more for concert purposes than for actual dancing. harpsichord

question

Agrement

answer

A term used for the melodic ornaments in french music; generally indicated by signs or abbreviations

question

Style luthe

answer

Harpsichord imitation of the lute, broken chords

question

Accademia

answer

Founded in 1556 in Vicenza. A literary society interested in the study of antiquity and production of classical and pseudo-classical drama. Produced plays in temporary theaters at first.

question

Basso Continuo

answer

A Baroque music ensemble containing one chordal instrument and one bass melody instrument

question

Prelude

answer

(n.) an introduction; that which comes before or leads off

question

Toccata

answer

a baroque musical composition (usually for a keyboard instrument) with full chords and rapid elaborate runs in a rhythmically free style

question

Fantasia

answer

a type of composition in which the composer lets imagination prevail over the rules of a set musical form

question

Concerto Ritornello

answer

first or final movement of a piece. Re-inviting theme

question

Ritornello Form

answer

compositional form usually used in the baroque concerto grosso, in which the tutti plays a ritornello, or refrain, alternating with one or more soloists playing new material

question

Sinfonia

answer

(Italian for symphony) a three-section or three-movement instrumental work that might preface an opera or stand alone as an independent concert symphony.

question

Odhecaton

answer

the first book of polyphonic music printed for movable type. printed by Petrucci

question

Fitzwilliam virginal book

answer

large collection of keyboard music preserved today that include virginal pieces that mostly emanated from Queen Elizabeth's court; 297 compositions

question

Pope Marcellus Mass

answer

mass by palestrina - most famous of his work; the music didn't take away from the meaning or the words; this may have convinced the council of trent to keep polyphony in the catholic church; lots of blending

question

Missa l'Homme arme

answer

Music History 1 (2) – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards