Music App 4 – Flashcards
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Twentieth-century composers incorporated elements of folk and popular music within their personal styles because
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they were attracted to unconventional rhythms, sounds, and melodic patterns.
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A great twentieth-century composer who was also a leading scholar of the folk music of his native land was
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Bela Bartok
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alternative to the traditional organization of pitch used by twentieth-century composers?
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atonality
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The combination of two traditional chords sounding together is known as
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a polychord
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A fourth chord is
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a chord in which the tones are a fourth apart
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A chord made of tones only a half step or a whole step apart is known as
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a tone cluster
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to create fresh sounds, twentieth-century composers used
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non western scales, their scales, ancient church modes
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The technique of using two or more tonal centers at the same time is called
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expanded tonality
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The absence of key or tonality in a musical composition is known as
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atonality
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The first significant atonal pieces were composed around 1908 by
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Claude debussy
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The use of two or more contrasting and independent rhythms at the same time is known as
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poly rhythm
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Radio broadcasts of live and recorded music began to reach large audiences during the
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1920's
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One of the most important teachers of musical composition in the twentieth century was
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Nadia Boulinger
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Impressionist painting and symbolist poetry as artistic movements originated in
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france
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The most important impressionist composer was
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Claude debussy
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The term impressionist derived from a critic's derogatory reaction to Impression: Sunrise, a painting by
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Claude monet
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Debussy's music tends to
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sound free and almost improvisational
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Impressionism in music is characterized by
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stress of tone color, atmosphere and fluidity
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A scale made up of six different notes each a whole step away from the next is called a ________ scale.
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whole-tone
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The neoclassical movement in music roughly encompassed the years
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1920-1950
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Neoclassical composers favored
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tonality
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Neoclassical compositions are characterized by
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not misty atmosphere
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Neoclassical composers modeled many of their works after the compositions of
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JS Bach
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Neoclassicism was a reaction against
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Romanticism and impressionism
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Igor Stravinsky studied composition with
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Rimsky
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Stravinsky's life took a sudden turn in 1909, when he met the director of the Russian Ballet,
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Sergei Diaghilev
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The immense success of Stravinsky's 1910 ballet ________ established him as a leading young composer.
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the firebird
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The famous riot in 1913 was caused by the first performance of Stravinsky's ballet
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the rite of spring
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Stravinsky's enormous influence on twentieth-century music is due to his innovations in
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rhythm, harmony, tone color
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Which of the following ballets is not from Stravinsky's Russian period?
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pulcinella
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In the 1950s Stravinsky dramatically changed his style, drawing inspiration from
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the 12 tone system
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The expressionist movement in music and art flourished in the years
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1905-1925
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Expressionism is an art concerned with
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social protest
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Expressionist composers
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avoided tonality and traditional chord progressions
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Schoenberg's teacher was
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himself
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Schoenberg acquired his profound knowledge of music by
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going to concerts, playing chamber groups, studying scores
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Alban Berg and Anton Webern were Arnold Schoenberg's
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students
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When Schoenberg arrived in the United States after the Nazis seized power in Germany, he obtained a teaching position at
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UCLA
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Schoenberg's third period, in which he developed the twelve-tone system, began around
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1921
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An eerily expressive kind of declamation midway between song and speech, introduced during the expressionist period, is
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spreechistime
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The ordering of the twelve chromatic tones in a twelve-tone composition is called a
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series, tone, row, set
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Which of the following terms is not used to describe the chromatic tones in twelve-tone composition?special ordering of the twelve
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polychord
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Anton Webern
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was a composer
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Webern's melodic lines are
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atomized into 2 or 3 note fragments
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Webern's Five Pieces for Orchestra are scored for
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a chamber orchestra of 18 soloist
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From 1907 to 1934 Béla Bartók taught __________ at his alma mater, and gave recitals throughout Europe.
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piano
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The melodies Béla Bartók used in most of his works are
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original themes with folk flavor
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Who was the leading American composer and conductor of band music?
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Leonard Bernstein
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Charles Ives's father was a(n)
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insurance salesman
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After graduating from Yale, Charles Ives
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went into the insurance business
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During most of his lifetime, Charles Ives's musical compositions
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accumulated in his barn
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George Gershwin grew up in
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Antavka Russia
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Gershwin left high school at the age of fifteen to
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become a pianist demonstrating new songs in a publishers salesroom
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George Gershwin usually collaborated with the lyricist
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Ira Gershwin
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Porgy and Bess is a(n)
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opera
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William Grant Still
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Troubled Island / in NY
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Each movement of William Grant Still's Afro-American Symphony is prefaced by lines from a poem by
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PLD
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Aaron Copland was born in
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Brooklyn
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In 1921 Copland went to France, where he was the first American to study composition with
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Nadia Boulinger
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In 1925, after Copland returned from France, American music meant
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Jazz
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In 1925, and for a few years afterward, Copland's music showed the influence of
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Jazz
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Appalachian Spring originated as a
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ballet score for the great modern dance and choreographer Martha Graham
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Alberto Ginastera, one of the most prominent Latin-American composers of the 20th century, was born in
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Argentina
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One of Ginastera's early works, Estancia Suite, is
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Nationalistic
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In 1945 Ginastera moved to the United States where he had the opportunity to study with the well known American composer
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Aaron Copeland
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Since World War II, musical styles have
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taken many new directions
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All of the following are major developments in music since 1950 except the
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continued composition of symphonies in the classical style
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Composers began to shift from tonality to the twelve-tone system because
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discovered it was compostional
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The twelve-tone composer whose style was most imitated in the 1950s and 1960s was
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anton webern
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Serialism is a compositional technique in which
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stuff serves a unifying idea
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Twelve-tone compositional techniques used to organize rhythm, dynamics, tone color, and other dimensions of music to produce totally controlled and organized music are called
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serialism
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In chance, or aleatory music, the composer
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choose pitches, tone color, rhythm, and random methods
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Around 1940, John Cage invented the prepared piano, a(n)
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grand piano whose sound is altered by objects
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Edgard Varèse's Poème électronique
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was also designed for 1958 Brussels world fair, earliest masterpiece composed in collab with Le Corbusier
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Ragtime flourished in the United States
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1890-1915
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The most famous blues singer of the 1920s, known as the "empress of the blues", was
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Bessie Smith
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New Orleans style Dixieland flourished in the United States
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1900-1917
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The major center of jazz from about 1900 to 1917 was
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Bebop
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Duke Ellington was an important figure in
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bebop
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Duke Ellington's compositions are outstanding because they
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have rich tone colors, harmony, distinctive sounds of individual musicians
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Bebop differed from earlier jazz forms in that it
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used written arrangements with little improviation
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A typical bebop group might include
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saxophone, trumpet, piano, bass, precussion
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One of the greatest of all jazz improvisers and a towering figure among bebop musicians was the saxophonist
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Charlie Parker
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A bebop performance generally began and ended with
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statement of main theme
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Cool jazz
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related to bop but more relaxed
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A golden era of American musical theater was created from about
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1920-1960
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Leonard Bernstein was a well-known
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ballet composer/musicals
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In addition to his famous musicals, Leonard Bernstein also wrote successful
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ballet, choral, symphonies
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The musical loosely based on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is
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west side story
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Rock has been defined as
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vocal music with hard driving beat, electric guitar, amplified sound
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Early rock grew mainly out of __________, a dance music of African Americans that fused blues, jazz, and gospel styles.
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rhythm and blues
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A folklike, guitar-based style associated with rural white Americans is known as
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country and western
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The Beatles's influence on American rock music may be seen through later performers' use of
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classical non western instruments, unconventional scales, and chord progressions
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Nonwestern music is most often transmitted
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orally
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Singers in the Middle East and North Africa cultivate a vocal timbre that
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has a nasal, intense, and strained tone
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The most important way of making music in most nonwestern cultures is by
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the voice
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Musical instruments whose sound generator is a column of air are classified as
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aerophones
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Musical instruments whose own material is the sound generator are classified as
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idiophones
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Nonwestern musical scales often contain ________ tones.
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5,6,7 tones
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