question

The life histories of primates, and especially anthropoids (monkeys and apes), are characterized by:

answer

Longer periods of gestation and development

question

What are two major groups of Strepsirhini?

answer

Lemurs and Lorises

question

Many primate groups include \"rhini\", referring to the rhinarium, which is:

answer

The pad at the end of the nose

question

The primate emphasis on the visual sense is reflected in which of the following? 1. The reduction in the size of structures related to the sense of smell. 2. The presence of color vision in diurnal species. 3. A more forward facing position of the eyes relative to most other mammals. 4. All of these.

answer

All of these

question

Traditionally, primate characteristics have been explained as the result of the adaption to:

answer

Arboreal environments/terminal brances

question

Vertical clinging and leaping is a locomotor pattern frequently practiced by what?

answer

Lemurs and tarsiers

question

Which of the following are Haplorphini?

answer

New World monkeys AND humans

question

Arms that are longer than the legs and a short stable lumbar spine are traits associated with:

answer

Brachiation

question

Currently, there are approximately ____ species of non-human primates.

answer

230

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of primates? 1. Large litter sizes. 2. A tendency to possess nails rather than claws. 3. Stereoscopic (binocular) vision. 4. Grasping hands and feet.

answer

Large litter sizes.

question

Which of the following are characteristics of tarsiers? 1. Restricted to the islands of Southern Africa. 2. Mainly Diurnal. 3. Insectivore leaping from branch to branch to catch pray. 4. All of these

answer

Insectivore leaping from branch to branch to catch pray.

question

Adaptive niche refers to:

answer

An organisms's entire way of life

question

Regarding aspects of primate maturation, learning, and behavior, primates have

answer

A more efficient means of fetal nourishment, longer periods of gestation, reduced numbers of offspring (All of these)

question

The order of Primates is traditionally divided into two suborders:

answer

Strepsirhini and Haplorhini

question

A dental formula is:

answer

A numerical device that indicated the number of each type of tooth in the jar

question

Which one of the traits listed below is not used to define the order Primates?

answer

An inflexible, specialized limb structure.

question

With only a few exceptions, primates are found only in:

answer

The topics and semi-tropics.

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As an order, Primates:

answer

Have generalized traits

question

Today, where are lorises and galagos NOT found?

answer

North America

question

Some taxonimists have developed an alternative system of classification in which tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans are placed together in which suborder?

answer

Prosimii.

question

Traditionally, Old World monkeys are separated from apes and humans at the level of the:

answer

Superfamily.

question

Which are the largest of the living primates?

answer

Gorillas

question

Compared to Strepsirhini, anthropoid generally

answer

Depend less on olfaction and more on vision.

question

What is seen in some New World monkeys, but not in any Old Work monkeys?

answer

A prehensile tail.

question

Which of the following are not hominoids (apes)?

answer

Baboons

question

DNA hybridization of humans and chimpanzees indicate they share about _____ of their DNA base sequences.

answer

99 percent

question

Where are chimpanzees found?

answer

Across forested equatorial Africa

question

Which ape has very large, highly sexually dimorphic body sizes and live largely solitary lives?

answer

Orangutans.

question

Cercopithecines...

answer

are more generalized than colobines, include baboons/guenons/and macaques, and have cheek pouches for storing food.

question

What are the smallest New World anthropoids?

answer

Marmosets and tamarins

question

Among the apes, the smallest average body sizes are seen in

answer

gibbons and siamangs

question

Bonobos

answer

in the same genus as the chimpanzee

question

Compared to monkeys, hominoids

answer

generally have larger body sizes and lack a tail

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Purely of the basis of genetic similarities, it would be consistent to classify humans and the great apes within the same...

answer

Family

question

Mountain gorilla social groups are usually composed of

answer

one or two adult silverback males, a few adult females and their immature offspring.

question

Monkeys are divided into which two major groups?

answer

New and Old World species

question

Chimpanzees live in groups composed of

answer

numerous adult males and females, plus young of all ages

question

What is the major factor for the declining numbers of nonhuman primates?

answer

Unprecedented human population growth.

question

All Old World monkeys belong to which family

answer

Cercopithecidae

question

Where are Old World monkeys found?

answer

Africa, southern Asia, and Japan

question

Gibbons and Siamangs are adapted for:

answer

Brachiation

question

Sexual Dimorphism

answer

Refers to differences between the sexes with regard to features such as body size.

question

Orangutans belong to which genus?

answer

Pongo

question

Small primates have highly nutritious, often protein rich diets because:

answer

Endothermy is particularly difficult for small bodied mammals.

question

Primate behavior is best viewed as being

answer

influenced by environmental factors

question

What is chest slapping by gorillas an example of?

answer

Display

question

As a general rule, larger animals require

answer

Fewer calories per unit of weight than smaller animals

question

Amicable behaviors that promote group cohesion are called _____ behaviors.

answer

Affiliative

question

Altruism is a behavior that:

answer

Benefits another while involving some risk to the performer.

question

Dispersal by ___ is the most common pattern in mammals, including primates.

answer

Males.

question

Primate social structure refers to this aspect(s) of a group: 1) The Composition 2) The Size 3) The sex ratio 4) All of these answers

answer

All of these answers

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The following are true of grooming EXCEPT: 1) Shows empathy 2) Is an affiliative behavior 3) Occurs in a variety of contexts 4) Reinforces social relationships

answer

Shows empathy

question

Chimpanzee caregiving behaviors are evidenced in:

answer

Helping younger siblings

question

The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is: 1) The rate the body uses energy at rest. 2) Closely related to body size 3) Related to the diets of primates 4) All of these

answer

All of these

question

Dominance hierarchies within social groups

answer

impose a certain amount of order within the group

question

Deliberate nonhuman primate behavior that serves as communication is: 1) All of these 2) Facial expressions 3) Vocalizations 4) Displays

answer

All of these

question

Which of the following statements is NOT true 1) Adult primate males tend to be dominant to females. 2) Dominant individuals appear to have priority access to desired food items. 3) High-ranking females probably have higher reproductive success than subordinate females. 4) Dominance hierarchies create aggression and discord within social groups.

answer

Dominance hierarchies create aggression and discord within social groups.

question

Ecological factors influencing primate social behavior include which of the following? 1) The distribution of food and water. 2) The distribution of predators. 3) The nutritional value of foods. 4) All of these.

answer

All of these.

question

_____ is the study of the evolution of behavior, emphasizing the role of ecological factors as agents of natural selection.

answer

Behavioral Ecology

question

Primate groups composed of several adult males and females are advantageous in areas where:

answer

Predation pressure is high.

question

Mounting as an expression of dominance in baboons is believed to also serve to:

answer

Defuse tense situations.

question

Matrilines:

answer

Are groups of a female, her adult daughters, and their offspring.

question

In many primate species, ____ have/has a central role in reinforcing social relationships.

answer

Grooming.

question

Longevity, age at first reproduction, and inter-birth intervals are examples of:

answer

Life history traits.

question

According to proponents of behavioral ecology:

answer

Individuals act in ways that increase their reproductive success

question

The term for a mating system in which males, and in some cases females, have several mating partners is

answer

ploygamous

question

In bonobos, males and females

answer

commonly form friendships and consortships

question

Potato washing behavior has been observed in which of the following?

answer

Japanese Macaques

question

The basic primate social unit is

answer

The mother and infants

question

Vervet monkey vocalizations

answer

Are voluntary responses to external stimuli

question

Of the following, the most r-selected mammal is: 1) chimps 2) mice 3) wolves 4) humans

answer

mice

question

Cultural behaviors observed in wild chimpanzees include the following except: 1) the use of leaf sponges 3) sign language 3) stone-tool production 4) termite fishing with twigs

answer

Sign language

question

What do the language experiments with chimps, bonobos, and gorillas indicate?

answer

They have some ability to use signs to communicate

question

Infanticide by adult males

answer

Has been reported for a number of primate species

question

According to current evidence discussed in the text, which of the following statement is TRUE: 1) Humans are the only species capable of conveying information pertaining to specific components of the external environment. 2) Nonhuman primates can communicate any information except that which pertains to their emotional state. 3) Free-ranging monkeys and apes use symbolic language in the same manner as humans. 4) Some nonhuman primates appear to give specific alarm calls that refer to particular categories of predators.

answer

4) Some nonhuman primates appear to give specific alarm calls that refer to particular categories of predators.

question

Cultural behavior

answer

is learned

question

Which have been taught to use sign language?

answer

Chimps

question

Primates, such as chimpanzees, have been observed to

answer

eat plants that antibiotic properties

question

Monkeys raised without mother in captivity

answer

Did not know how to care for infants

question

Work with the young chimpanzee Loulis and the young bonobo Kanzi showed

answer

young apes can learn symbols/language directly from older apes

question

K-Selection refers to

answer

Species that produce relatively few offspring but incest a large amount of parenting.

question

Permanent (long-term) male-female bonds are

answer

not common among nonhuman primates

question

Linguistic symbols are said to be

answer

Arbitrary

question

In Old World Monkeys, the swelling and changes in the color of the skin surround the females genital area:

answer

are an indication of estrus

question

The traditional view of nonhuman communication is that nonhumans, including primates

answer

communicate information relating to their emotional state only

question

Female primates

answer

assume most of the responsibility for infant care except in a few primates

question

Species producing relatively large numbers of offspring with little parental care are:

answer

r-selected

Module Two: ANTH 240A

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