Module 1-NUR206A (History of Nursing – Flashcards
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Major Events in Nursing History
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Major Events in Nursing History
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Who was Hippocrates?
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"Father of Medicine"
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What belief did he reject?
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That diseases has supernatural causes
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How did he contribute to the development of nursing?
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Developed assessment standards, medical standards, and recognizded a need for nurses.
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What was the nursing practice like in Egypt?
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Maternal-child nursing was the responsibility of midwives, and wet nurses were hired to breast-feed infants
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In egypt, the treatment of disease and care of the sick were left to those in
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priesthood
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In Egypt, who were primarily responsible for the healing practices?
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The Priests
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How did the Israelites practice principles of sanitation?
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By using boiled or filtered water, and carefully inspecting meat for spoilage
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When did nursing roles become more apparent?
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In the Early Christian Era
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Women in the Early Christian Era performed duties that reflected components of today's nursing practice including care related to:
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nutrtion, mobility, medication administration, peresonal counseling, hygiene, and comfort
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What qualities were associated with the nurses of the early christian era?
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Compassion, charity, and will to serve
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Who were designated to perform services for the sick in the early christian era?
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Deacons and deconesses (people working for the church)
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Who is the most noted deaconess in nursing history?
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Phoebe
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How did Phoebe contribute to nursing?
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She identified a need for hospitals to care for the sick
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Phoebes contribution to nursing resulted in what?
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the emergence of several christian hospitals
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Who established the first Christian hospital in Rome?
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Fabiola (Deaconess)
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What was a critical problem during the Middle Ages?
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Poverty
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During the Middle Ages, the Crusades resulted in the esablishment of what?
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Military nursing orders and the recruitment of men into nursing
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What nursing roles began to emerge in the middle ages?
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Midwife Community and public health nurse
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What in nursing was recognized during the Renaissance?
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The need of education in nursing due to advancements
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What delayed the improved education during the Renaissance?
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Poverty and the lack of sanitation, resulting in serious health care problems
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What was the primary source of healthcare (before the Reformation?
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Religious orders
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What caused a serious deterioation in hospital conditions and nursing care during the Reformation?
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The dispersion of relgious orders
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What contribution in nursing was abonded during the Reformation?
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Education attempts and the image of nurses
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How was the role of women changed during the Reformation? (ancient history)
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Women were seen as subordinate to men and were expected to remain home caring for children
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How did the way women were viewed change the nursing practice during the Reformation?
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It decreased the number of qualified women practicing nursing
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What problems related to healthcare occured in the 18th century?
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Poor sanitation and low standards of living(poverty)
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In the 18th century, nursing was present in hospitals, but working conditions were poor resulting in...
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a loss of social status for members of the profession; fewer qualified people chose to enter the field
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During the 18th century, nursing was considered...?
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inferior and undesirable; Canada gained a better image however
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In the 19th Century, what kind of women provided care?
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Criminals and women of low moral standards
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Who was Florence Nightingale?
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Founder of modern nursing; "Mother of Nursing"
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How did Florence Nightingale contribute to nursing?
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Improved health laws, reformed hospitals, reorganized military services, and established nursing as a profession
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What two missions did Florence Nightingale have in mind when establishing nursing as a profession?
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Sick nursing and health nursing
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What was considered "sick nursing?"
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Helping clients use their own reparative process to get well
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What was considered "health nursing?"
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Prevention of illness
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Although she was not a nurse, who established the Nurse Corps of the US army?
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Dorothea Dix
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Who practiced nursing on Civil War battlefields?
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Clara Barton
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Who founded the Red Cross?
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Clara Barton
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What is the Red Cross?
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An organization that continues to contribute to contemporary healthcare needs
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Who is America's first trained nurse?
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Linda Richards
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In the 19th century, what did the Americal Medical Association develop?
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the Committee on the Training of Nurses
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What emerged in the 19 century?
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Nursing School!!!
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Which two leaders established the first public nursing service for the sick and poor?
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Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster
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Which nursing associations developed in the easrly 20th century? (5 of them)
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American Nurses Association (ANA) The Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) The International Council of Nurses (ICN) The National League for Nursing (NLN) The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
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During the Middle Ages, the Crusades resulted in the establishment of _______ nursing orders.
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Military
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During the Spanish-American war, the ______ Nurse Corps was established
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Volunteer
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Educational preparation leading to the registered nurse licensure may be the diploma, associate, or _____degree
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Baccalaureate
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______ is a voluntary process to provide professional recognition of knowledge, skills, and clinical practice in a nursing specialty.
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Certification
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Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses with advanced education in ____.
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Anesthesiology
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The founders of of Sigma Theta Tau International named the organization from the greek words storage, Tharsos, and _____.
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Time
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Decons and Deconesses were designated to perform services to the sick in what era?
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Early Chirstian Era
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Nurses were present in hospitals, but working conditions were poor in what era?
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The 18th Century
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Nurses played a subservient role, rooted in sexual discrimination against women in what era?
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Ancient History (the reformation)
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Nursing become well organized and men were recruited into nursing in what era?
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The Middle Ages
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How did Florence Nightingale define nursing?
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the act of utilizing the enviornment of the client to assist him in his recovery
