Modern World History Chapter 8 – Flashcards
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Miguel Hidalgo
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He was a priest who issued the Grito de Dolores, a call for a peasant rebellion in Mexico against the Spanish.
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Saint-Domingue
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(1659 - 1809) A French colony on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea. The slaves of the island rebelled, threw off French control, and established the independent nation of Haiti (1804).
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Toussaint L' Ouverture
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He led a slave revolt that ended slavery on the island of Hispaniola.
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Mulattos
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This term was used in Latin America to describe people of mixed European and African ancestry.
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Peninsulares
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This term was used in Latin America to describe Latin Americans born in Spain.
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Simón Bolivar
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Known as the great liberator and great general. George Washington of South America - leader of Latin American Revolution.
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Jose de San Martin
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Other great liberator in the southern part of Latin America. Led an army against the Spanish on a grueling march from Andes to Chile and freed Chile.
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Jose Maria Morelos
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Lead the Mexican revolution for 4 years after Hidalgo; was a skillful military leader.
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Creoles
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Spaniards born in Latin America - below Peninsulares in society.
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Peninsulares
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Top of Spanish American Society, people born in Spain.
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Jean-Jacques Dessalines
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Toussaint's lieutenant. Took up the fight for freedom in Haiti.
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King John
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Portuguese King that let Brazil gain independence in a bloodless revolt.
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Louis-Napoleon
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The elected ruler of France who declared himself empire. Was nephew of Napoleon he built railroads and encouraged industrialization in France.
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Alexander II
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Czar Nicholas's son. Decided to move Russia toward modernization and social change. Tried to free the serfs in 1861. Peasants never gained freedom because debt tied them to the land.
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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United southern Italy under the idea of nationalism and was known as the leader of the red shirts?
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The Fransco-Prussia War
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Event that Otto Von Bismark use to gain support form Germans in the south?
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Kaiser
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Was the title given to the ruler of the new, unified German empire?
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The Gothic novel
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A largely identified piece of the romanticism movement. focused on fear and violence, ex: Frankenstein.
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Conservative
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Usually wealthy property owners and nobility, encouraged protecting traditional monarchies of Europe.
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Liberal
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Mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants. Wants to give more power to elected parliaments.
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Radical
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Favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people.
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Nationalism
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Belief that people's greatest loyalty should not be to a king, but to a nation who's culture, customs, language, bonds them.
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Nation-state
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When a nation has its own independent government. It defends the nation's territory and way of life, represents the nation to the rest of the world.
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The Balkans
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A region of present-day Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, and the former Yugoslavia, all controlled by the Ottoman Empire- spurred by nationalism they will fight for independence.
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Russification
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Romanov dynasty forced Russian culture on all ethnic groups (ex: Romanian's, Jews, and Turks) in the empire.
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Camillo di Cavour
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Prime minister of Sardinia's King, Victor Emmanuel II. Successfully gained control of northern Italy.
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Realism
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Movement in which art tried to show life as it was, not as it should be.
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Impressionism.
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Movement that was fascinated by light, impressionist artists used pure, shimmering colors to capture a moment seen at a glance.
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Romanticism
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Wild emotion and feeling, ex: inner feelings, glorifying heroes. Movement of interest towards both nature and in the thoughts and feelings of the individual.
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Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe
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(Romanticism Writer) Published The Sorrows of Young Werther. A story of a sensitive young man whose hopeless love for a virtuous women drives him to suicide.
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Victor Hugo
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(Romanticism Writer) Some works are Les Miserables and The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
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Mary Shelley
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(Romanticism Writer) Published Frankenstein. One of the most successful Gothic horror novels. A story about a monster created from the body parts of dead human beings.
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Ludwig mean Beethoven
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(Romanticism Musician) Work involved classical music of the enlightenment into romantic compositions.
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Daguerreotypes (Louis Daguerre.)
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The first practical photographs.
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William Talbot
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Invented a light-sensitive paper that is used to produce photographic negatives.
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Charles Dickens
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(Realism writer) Created unforgettable characters and scenes of London's working poor. Wrote - A Christmas Carol and Oliver Twist
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Bismark
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United Germany under national unity. Was an expert in manufacturing "incidents" to accomplish nationalism. ex: picked a war with France to gain support from southern Prussia.
