question

What is the greatest risk Germany took by establishing this policy?

answer

harming innocent people and making new enemies

question

Write one to two sentences explaining what new technologies appear in the video clip.

answer

Many new technologies appear in the video, including the use of radios, trenches, and barbed wire. You can also hear machine gun fire and see the effects of advanced artillery.

question

Battle of Verdun (1916)

answer

750000 casualties

question

Battle of the Somme (1916)

answer

more than 1.2 million casualties

question

casualty

answer

a member of the military who is either severely injured or killed during warfare

question

prediction

answer

a statement about something that will happen or might happen in the future

question

propaganda

answer

official communications that are often misleading or exaggerated in order to help support for a cause

question

rationing

answer

the limiting of how much of a good in scarce supply a person can buy in wartime

question

stalemate

answer

a contest in which neither side can win nor gain an advantage (war on western front)

question

Women took on new roles during the war

answer

-replaced men in factories and assembly lines -joined the red cross as volunteers

question

Total war

answer

inclusiveness of entire populations and their resources -soldiers recruited -factories made war stuff -war bonds -propaganda

question

New technologies

answer

-airplanes -poison gas -submarines

question

-----------------------------

answer

-----------------------------

question

Testing American Neutrality

answer

-when the war began, the united states decided to remain neutral -the US sold weapons, ammunition, and other supplies to the Allies -in 1915 german u-boats sank the passenger ship lusitania -to avoid further angering the united states, germany agreed to limit submarine warfare

question

Eastern Front

answer

-russia had to defend against both germany and austria-hungary

question

Western Front

answer

-britain and italy were fighting mostly against germany

question

Opposition in Russia

answer

-by 1916, the russian army was near collapse -they were low on food, supplies, and ammunition -5.5 million russians had been killed or wounded in the war -people strongly opposed the war

question

Russian Retreat

answer

-in 1917, the russian tsar was overthrown in a revolution -russia and the central powers signed the treaty of brest-litovsk (1918) [took russia out of the war] -germany turned its attention to the west

question

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (Germany)

answer

-in january 1917, germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare -ship losses increased across 4 months -jan. = 400000 tons -feb. = 550000 tons -mar. = 600000 tons -apr. = 900000 tons

question

The Zimmerman Telegram

answer

-the telegram helped convince congress to declare war -the telegram propodes that mexio ally with germany against the united states -on april 7, 1917, the US declared war on Germany

question

United State's Entry into the War

answer

-by june, thousands of american soldiers were fighting in Europe -the US navy escorted merchant ships across the ocean -the allies started receiving supplies and reinforcements (1 million ?troops?)

question

The Armistice

answer

-on november 11, 1918, an armistice was signed on the French-German border -the war was over -Kaiser Wilhelm II was forced to step down

question

The Human Cost of War

answer

-about 9.5 million soldiers and 6.5 million civilians died as a result of the war -21 million soldiers wre wounded -at least 50 million more people died during the spanish flu pandemic of 1918

question

Wilson's Fourteen Points

answer

-in 1918, US President Woodrow Wilson presented his vision of the postwar peace; his fourteen points -an end to secret treaties -freedom of the seas -arms reduction -self determination for colonized peoples -a world peacekeeping organization

question

The Allied Goals

answer

Woodrow Wilson of the US: -was an idealist -wanted "peace without victory" David Lloyd George of GB: -wanted german colonies to be taken away form them for british dominance over the sea -but also moderation Georges Clemenceau of France: -wanted to punish germant

question

The Treaty of Versailles

answer

-in 1919, germany was forced to sign the treaty of versailles 1) Military Restrictions -limits placed on the size of the army -forbidden to have an air force or submarines 2) Territorial losses -lost all its overseas colonies 3) War guilt -forced to take complete responsibility for starting the war -forced to pay $33 billion to the allies in reparations

question

The League of Nations

answer

-was created to promote international cooperation to prevent another global war -the US senate rejected the league and the Treaty of Versailles

question

The Mandate System

answer

-the league of nations created mandates out of territories formerly held by the central powers -much of the former ottoman empire was given to France and Britain

question

Things to Know

answer

-US tried to stay neutral during the war -wilson was an idealist who wanted a peace agreement based on his fourteen points -the armistice ending the war was signed november 11, 1918 -germany was forced to pay $33 billion in reparations to france and britain -wilson's goal of granting self determination to europeans was not realized

question

The End of the War

answer

russia exited the war when a revolution broke out at home the us entered the war for 2 reasons: -germany's use of unrestricted submarine warfare -the zimmerman telegram america's entry into the war made it impossible for the central powers to win -an armistice was signed in 1918

question

The Treaty of Versailles (2)

answer

american president woodrow wilson's fourteen points were ignored at the peace talks -germany was forced to sign the treaty of versailles, including a "war guilt" clause -germany was forced to pay reparations, and the size of its armed forces was limited -austia hungary and the ottoman empire were dissolved -new nations were created, or lands were given to the allies

question

Wrap-Up

answer

the german people were angry and resentful of the treaty of versailles -many germans were suddenly living in new countries -the reparations put germany into an economic depression -millions of soldiers were suddenly unemployed -they soon looked to a new leader to bring germany back to greatness

question

----------------------- -----

answer

---------- ------------------

question

The End of the "Great War"

answer

in the treaty of versailles, germany was forced to -take responsibility for starting the war -give up the territories it had captured -surrender most of its military resources -take financial responsibility for all damage done during the war

question

The Weimar Republic

answer

after the war, germany created the weimar republic -the government borrowed money from the united states -as the great depression worsened, the republic grew weaker -the government collapsed in 1933

question

National Socialist German Workers' Party

answer

the NSGWP, or the Nazi party, was founded after WWI by former german soldiers. the members: -felt betrayed by the government -blamed communists and Jews for losing the war -created a private militia called the brownshirts -encouraged extreme nationalism, militarism, and loyalty to Germany

question

Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)

answer

-called "Der Fuhrer," which means "The Leader" -promoted extreme German nationalism and anti-Semitism -imprisoned for a year for attempting to overthrow the Weimar government

question

Mein Kampf

answer

while in prison, hitler wrote what would become the ideological guidebook for the Nazi Party, Mein Kampf -called for revenge against nations that had "betrayed" Germany -asserted the superiority of what he called the "Aryan race" -labeled all others, especially Jews, as "inferior" -gave Germans someone to blame for their problems

question

Rise of Hitler

answer

by 1932, the nazi party was the largest political party in Germany. 1) Hitler is named chancellor. 2)Hitler calls for new elections. -a fire destroys the German parliament -Hitler blames the communists 3) The Nazis win a majority. 52% -parliament makes Hitler a dictator -Hitler bans all opposing political parties

question

The Third Reich

answer

the third reich transformed the german government by: -promising the people that following Nazi ideology would improve their lives -using propaganda to encourage German nationalism and obedience

question

The SS (200,000 ppl)

answer

enforced Nazi rule -had the power to arrest anyone for any reason -targeted anyone suspected of opposition -used terror, violence, and intimidation against the population

question

Censorship

answer

-the nazi party controlled all newspapers and media -books that did not comply with nazi beliefs were burned -criticism was not tolerated

question

The Hitler Youth

answer

children were required to join Hitler Youth organizations -these groups were a way to indoctrinate young people into nazi ideology-boys were trained for military service -girls were prepared to be good wives, mothers, and homemakers

question

"Racial Purity" Laws

answer

new laws were passed to increase the Aryan population -marriages between germans and jews were prohibited -financial incentives were given to couples to encourage them to have more children -women were barred from higher education and many types of jobs

question

Economic Changes

answer

1)Hitler took charge of the German economy -benned strikes and labor unions -put millions to work construction infrastructure and factories 2)Unemployment Fell

question

Hitler's Aggression

answer

by 1935, hitler announced he would no longer obey the restictions of the Treaty of Versailles -he increased the siz of the german army -he began to produce and store war materials -he sent troops to occupy lands in the Rhineland

question

"Today Germany, Tomorrow the World"

answer

Lebensraum was the Nazi belief that Germany was entitled to more "living space" -nazis believed Germant had a right to rule eastern europe

question

Nazi Expansionism

answer

-in march 1938, germany annexed austria in an event called the anschluss -in september, hitler demanded the sudentenland

question

Appeasement Policy

answer

1)Pros: -war in europe could b avoided -germany could b satisfied and end its aggression 2)Cons: -germanys power and demand for land could increase -european powers could look weak, leading to more german aggression

question

The Munich Agreement

answer

the munich conference was held in september 1938 -great britain, france, italy, and germany attended (czechoslovakia was not invited) -britain and france agreed to give the sudentenland to germany -hitler promised to respect czecholovakia's new borders (hitler annexed the rest of czechoslovakia 6 months later) ((britain and france didnt help out czech like they had promised))

question

Nazi Rule

answer

hitler created a totalitarian government based on the ideology presented in Mein Kampf -created the SS to enforce Nazi rule -used propaganda and censorship to control the media -limited the rights of women -forced children to join nazi youth groups -passed anti semitic laws

question

Land for Germany

answer

-annexed austria in 1938 -won the sudentenland in the munich agreement -seized czechoslovakia six months later

question

most important subjects in nazi curriculum

answer

-physical fitness -agriculture -history

question

---- --------------------------------------------------------------

answer

------------------------------------------------------------------

question

Appeasement and Isolation

answer

In the 1930s, Germany, Italy, and Japan began to aggressively expand [authoritarian governments] (Actions) -hitler began to rebuild the german military -japan invaded manchuria and china [needed natural resources] -germany annexed austria and czechoslovakia (Reactions) -britain and france chose appeasement in hopes of keeping peace -the united states chose isolationism [hands-off approach]

question

German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

answer

in 1939, adolf hiter and joseph stalin signed a nonaggression pact -germany and russia [soviet union] agreed not to attack each other -they secretly agreed to divide poland

question

German "Lightning War"

answer

germany attacked [western] poland using a new military tatic called blitzkreig -airplanes, tanks, and infantry invaded at high speed -two weeks later, the soveits invaded the eastern half of poland

question

Beginning of WWII

answer

1) September 1 -germany invaded poland 2)September 3 -britain and france declared war on germany 3)September 27 -poland surrendered to the germans

question

Allied Powers

answer

-Great Britain (1939) -France (1939) -Soviet Union (1941) -The United States (1941)

question

Axis Powers

answer

-Germany (1939) -Italy (1940) -Japan (1940)

question

The Blitz Continues

answer

in the spring of 1940, hitler continued his conquest for more territory -norway (april) -belgium -the netherlands -france (may + june) [melgium? line. belgium was supposed to complete the rest of the line

question

France Falling to Hitler

answer

the allied forces retreated to the northern coast of france -britain organized an exacuation from the french village of dunkirk (took about 300,000 in the evacuation) -france surrendered on June 22, 1940

question

Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)

answer

-elected prime minister in 1940 -refused to negotiate with hitler -regarded as one of he greatest public speakers of all time -knew how to rally people to fight against germany and hitler

question

The Battle of Britain

answer

after the fall of france, germany initiated its strategy to defeat britain -hitler planned to destroy britains air forces before attempting an invasion -a massive bombing compaign called "the blitz" began in september 1940 -hitler came over the english channel and bombed london -lots of casualties -british did not surrender

question

Secret Weapons

answer

britain was able to hold off the german invasion thanks to two tools: -radar (able to tell if a bomber was coming in before they could visually see it) -the enigma machine (a german coding machine that the british were able to steal, and used it to decode the german's messages that were intercepted)

question

INvasion of the USSR

answer

hitler broke his nonaggression pact with stalin in June 1941 -he invaded the soviet union with 4 million troops -he was afraid they would come after him first

question

Operation Barbarossa

answer

the germans suffered massive casualties in the campaign -soviet troops refused to surrender, no matter how many men they lost -the germans failed to secure victory before the harsh winter set in -they got greedy :/ -russians believed in a "scorched earth" policy (stripped the place clean so that they left the germans abandoned and with no resources)

question

Timeline of Early WWII

answer

-august 1939 the germans and soviets signed a nonaggression pact -september 1939 germany invaded poland -july 1940 the battle of britain began -june 1941 operation bararossa began -december 1941 the japanese attacked pearl harbor -june 1942 the battle of midway occured

question

Things to Kno

answer

-in the 1930s, the US adopted a poicy of isolationism -WWII began after germany initiated its blitzkrieg, or "lightning war" -Blitz of London led to the evacutaion of many of the city's residents -british radar helped them to defeat germany in the battle of britain

question

Start of the War

answer

Hitler's invasion of Poland resulted in britain and france declaring war on germany -nazi invasion led to the french surrender in june 1940 -hitler's strategy changed after the nighttime air assult on britain during the blitz -hitler broke the german soviet nonaggression pact by attacking the soviet union

question

Wrap-Upp

answer

-germany easily won the early battles of WWII -britain's success in the battle of britain and the soviet defense against germany would being to turn the tide for the allies

question

In a paragraph describe Hitler's strategy in Europe and how it affected Great Britain.

answer

Hitler launched the Blitzkrieg, a rapid, massive assault that quickly subdued the nations he invaded. After the fall of Poland, Hitler continued to apply this successful strategy, seizing control of more of Europe's northern and western nations, including France. When seeking to add Britain to his growing empire, Hitler first launched the Blitz, a series of surprise nighttime bombing raids. The point of the strategy was to destroy the nation's air force, but it was the British pilots who were responsible for ending the Blitz and preventing the invasion of Britain.

question

--------

answer

-----------------

question

"Europe First" Stratey

answer

-US put more troops in europe (defeat germany) -used fewer troops in the pacific (then use all troops to beat japan)

question

The Battle of Stalingrad

answer

the nazi's 1942 summer invasion of the Soviet Union stalled at Stalingrad -german troops began a five-month siege of the city -casualty rates were extremely high on both sides -the soviet victory in 1943 was a turning point of the war

question

Why was the Battle of Stalingrad a turning point?

answer

-large loss of german soldies -beginning of german retreat -end of german advance -exhaustion of german supplies

question

Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969)

answer

-commander of all allied forces in europe -elected president of the US after the war

question

Invasion of Normandy

answer

the invasion of europe began june 6, 1944, in normandy, france -the first day of landings is known as D-day -in three months, allied forces pushed the germans out of northern france -paris was freed from german control -this marked another major victory for the allies

question

Victory in Europe

answer

a german counterattack failed at the battle of the bulge by april 1945, allied forces advanced on the german capital of berlin -german leaders surrendered -hitler committed suicide -the allies won the war with germany

question

Allied Offensive (1942-1945)

answer

-island hopping

question

Iwo Jima

answer

Iwo Jima had airfields that allowed a US attack on the Japanese mainland -the battle lasted thirty-six days -japan had 21000 entrenched fighters -only 1038 Japanese were captured alive -the US had 31000 casualties

question

Bombing Japan

answer

allied forces began bombing campaigns on the Japanese mainland by the spring of 1945 -military and civilian targets in Japan were attacked -the objective was to destroy military targets and demoralize Japanese citizens -casualties were extremely high

question

The Atomic Bomb

answer

in the summer of 1945, the US finished the first atomic bomb -scientists had been developing on atomic weapon since 1942 -President Truman decided to use the weapons on Japan

question

The End of the War in the Pacific

answer

the US dropped 2 atomic bombs on Japan, forcing them to end the war 1) Bombing of Hiroshima -aug 6, 1945 -killed 70000 to 100000 ppl -japan refused to surrender 2) Bombing of Nagasaki -aug 9, 1945 -killed 40000 3) Japanese agreed to surrender -aug 10, 1945

question

The War Ends

answer

-the Japanese formally surrendered to US Gen, Douglas MacArthur on September 2, 1945 -The Second World War was over

question

Japanese losses were staggering in comparison: an estimated 1.74 million killed or missing, and 94,000 wounded. Few Japanese troops surrendered, instead choosing to fight to the death or commit suicide. Does the statement above support or contradict Admiral Leahy's opinion? Explain your answer.

answer

This statement contradicts Leahy's opinion. Leahy believed that the Japanese were about to surrender, but they had shown no willingness to surrender in the past. In addition, the casualty rates were very high. Although many people were killed in the atomic blast, a full Allied assault on Japan would likely have killed even more people.

question

--------------------------------

answer

--------------

question

Stalin and Totalitarianism

answer

-economic control -a police state -social change

question

Traits of Totalitarianism

answer

-highly charismatic leader -one political party -use of a secret police -state control of education and culture -few personal freedoms

question

Joseph Stalin (1879-1953)

answer

-became the leader of the USSR following Lenin's death in 1924 -was politically ruthless -held absolute power as a totalitarian dictator -restricted individual freedoms

question

The First Five-Year Plan

answer

stalin established a command economy to modernize the soviet economy -believed the USSR could outproduce capitalist nations -set unreasonably high quotas for production -shifted resources away from producing necessities to creating steel

question

Effects of the Five-Year Plans

answer

Positive Effects: -industrialization and modernization -growth of infrastructure Negative Effects -extremely inefficient and wasteful -few consumer goods produced, resulting in shortages -high human cost, including the use of slave labor

question

Collectivization

answer

in 1929, stalin seized millions of privetly held farms and combined the farms reasons for collectivization: -soviet farming was inefficient, and most people farmed at the subsistence level -residents of cities needed food -there were too many farmworkers and not enough industrial workers -cash crops were needed

question

Results of Resistance

answer

the peasants resisted collectivization -the army was sent to force the peasants to submit -many, especially the wealthier kulak class, were imprisoned -millions of peasants died

question

Severe Famine

answer

the resistance to collectivization resulted in widespread famine -peasants could not keep any food until their government quota had been met

question

The Great Terror

answer

dictators of tatalitarian states use terror and violence to control their population -stalin believed the country had to be united; with him as absolute authority -stalin believed that war with germany was coming and that the nation had to be prepared -stalin became increasingly paranoid

question

Stalin's Secret Police

answer

the NKVD was part of the secret police force of Stalinist Russia -could arrest and hold anyone for any reason -used torture to interrogate suspects -targeted anyone suspected of being disloyal

question

The Great Purge (1934-1939)

answer

the great purge was a campaign of terror against members of the communist party -during "show" trials, suspects confessed to impossible crimes -thousands of government officials and military leaders were executed -millions of others were sent to labor camps, called gulags

question

Persecution of Others

answer

(Religious Persecution) -sent orthodox clergy to labor camps -forced catholic leaders to leave the USSR -abolished the practice of Judaism and prohibited Islam (Cultural Persecution) -targeted those of non-Russian descent -arrested and imprisoned thousands of writers, scholars, and scientists

question

Stalin's Cult of Personality

answer

stalin wanted to be viewed as a godlike figure to the soviet people. techniques used: -widespread propaganda -strict censorship -revision of history books and photographs

question

Women Enter the Workforce

answer

under stalin, large numbers of women entered the workforce -by 1935, two in five factory workers were women -other women worked in health care, education, and service industries

question

Value of Motherhood

answer

stalin's government promoted and placed a high value on motherhood -women were encouraged to produce more workers for the nation

question

Soviet Education

answer

soviet education expanded under stalin, and schools were reformed -schools emphasized soviet ideology -children joined the "young pioneers", a communist youth organization -students learned skills necessary to contribute to industrialization -the number of citizens able to obtain university educations increased

question

Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union

answer

Stalin subjected the Soviet Union to totalitarian rule as he transformed it into a world power. He oversaw the imprisonment and execution of millions during the Great Purge. His collectivization of farmland under a command economy resulted in severe shortages of food and consumer goods. He relied on terror to maintain power and persecuted religion heavily, while restructuring the nation's education system to make the Soviet Union more economically productive.

question

The Great Purge

answer

stalin led the soviet communist party as a totalitarian dictator from 1922-1954 -there were few individual rights for soviet citizens during the stalin era -the secret police targeted anyone seen as a threat -the great purge resulted in the deaths or imprisonment of millions of citizens

question

Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union II

answer

stalin strengthened the SU's command economy -the five year plans doubled steel production and brought women into the workforce, but harmed rural agriculture -he reformed the SU's education system so that citizens might be of better economic use to the country

question

How did life change in the Soviet Union under Stalin?

answer

During Stalin's dictatorship, the government took more and more control of Soviet life and economy. The collectivization of agriculture resulted in the deaths of millions of peasants, as a result of famine. The Great Purge occurred as Stalin tried to eliminate any opposition to his rule. Millions of citizens were arrested. Most had done nothing wrong, yet they were convicted of crimes and even executed. Others were sent to prison camps called gulags. Most people lived in terror of the secret police, as described in the reading.

question

European Imperialism in China

answer

During the 1800s, European powers became increasingly involved in China -The Boxer Rebellion put the empire on the verge of collapse

question

Causes of Revolution of 1911

answer

-European interference -Weakening power of the emperor -Lack of reform -Economic struggles

question

Sun Yat-sen

answer

-was known as the "father of modern China" -helped inspire the revolution of 1911 -founded the Nationalist Party -became the first president of the Republic of China

question

Sun Yat-sen's "Three Principles of the People"

answer

-increase in chinese nationalism -increase economic equality among the citizens of china (socialism) -democracy

question

The Revolution of 1911

answer

Revolutionary groups in China overthrew the imperial dynasty that rules the country. They: -united behind Sun Yat-sen's ideas -forced the emperor to abandon his throne -established a republic

question

The End of the Republic

answer

china's republic was ineffective -china's presidents did not have enough power -warlords took over different areas of china -these warlords often fought with each other

question

Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975)

answer

-became leader of the nationalists -defeated the warlords and united china -did not allow opposition to his rule

question

The Chinese Communist Party

answer

the chinese communist party formed in the 1920s [They united with the Nationalists] [Chiang Kai-shek felt threatened] -the communist army was more powerful than the nationalists one [The Nationalists attacked Communist forces]

question

Communists and Nationalists fought a civil war within China

answer

Nationalist Party -powerful in the cities -most popular among the wealthy -supported by the US Communist Party -powerful in the countryside -most popular among the poor -supported by the soviet union

question

The Long March

answer

-in 1934, the nationalists forced the Communists to retreat 6000 miles across China - the Long March strengthened the Communist Party

question

Mao Zedong (1893-1976)

answer

-opposed Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalsits -Became the leader of the Communist Party -Revolutionized the economy and culture of China

question

A Pause in the Civil War

answer

in 1937, Japan invaded China -the communists and nationalists agreed to stop fighting each other -after world war II was over, the two sides engaged in civil war again

question

The People's Republic of China

answer

Mao Zedong proclaimed that China would be called the People's Republic of China -the communists took property from landlords and gave it to farmers -the government took control of private businesses

question

China's Becoming Communist

answer

Between 1900 and 1949, china experienced a revolution, an invasion, and a civil war -the revolution of 1911 overthrew the emperor under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen -the nationalists defeated China's warlords, but Chiang Kai-Shek proved to be an ineffective ruler -the Nationalists and Communists fought for power in a civil war -Mao Zedong and the Communists were victorious

question

Based on what you have learned, describe some key traits of Communist propaganda in China. How does it reflect the Communists' path to power?

answer

Communist propaganda was often directed at poor farmers. Mao thought they would be good targets for propaganda, because their lives were hard. Propaganda helped convince them to revolt against wealthier landowners. With the support of Chinese farmers, who made up the majority of China's population, the Communist Party was able to win control of the country.

question

----------------------------

answer

------------

question

Rising Tensions

answer

After WWII, the Cold War began -it resulted in increased tensions between the US and the USSR -the two nations competed for weapons, influence, and superiority across fields

question

The Arms Race

answer

Mutual distrust between the US and the USSR led to an arms race -the US and the USSR souht to build more destructive weapons -hydrogen bombs could create blasts millions of times stroner than the first atomic weapons

question

Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

answer

Intercontinential ballistic missiles (ICBMs) made it possible to use nuclear weapons over long distances -the US began deploying missiles in Europe in the early 1960s -both nations accumulated thousands of weapons (mutual assured destruction)

question

Effects of the Arms Race

answer

-increasing study of science and math -fear that the other side would launch a nuclear attack -heightened tensions between the two nations

question

The Cuban Missile Crisis

answer

the most serious threat of direct conflict came in Cuba in 1962 -Cuba was a communist ally of the USSR -the soviets deployed nuclear missiles to the island -the US enacted a blockade

question

Based on the map, why would the United States take action to stop the deployment of missiles to Cuba?

answer

Nuclear missiles launched from Cuba could strike almost anywhere in the United States

question

The Space Race

answer

the space began in 1957, when the Soviets launched the first satellite into outer space (sputnik) -satellites could be used to spy on the other side -space was another area to be controlled, just like territory on Earth -exploring space was a source of national pride

question

The Road to War

answer

AFter WWII, the US and the Soviet Union occupied Korea in two separate zones -the north was under Soviet control and became Communist -the south was under US control and became a democracy

question

The Korean War

answer

the Korean War began in June 1950 -North Korea crossed the 38th parallel and invaded South Korea -North Korea captured the capital, Seoul, and continued south to Pusan -the United Nations approved a US-led mission to help South Korea

question

The Korean War (2)

answer

in september 1950, the US led an invasion of the peninsula -UN troops pushed into North Korea -china invaded from the north, and UN forces retreated south -the Korean War ended in 1953 in a stalemate -the peninsula remained unchanged

question

Effects of the Korean War

answer

-millions of people lost their lives -the United states had greater concern about the spread of communism -there was increased tension between North Korea and South Korea -there was increased tension between North Korea and the United States

question

Vietnamese Revolution

answer

Vietnam was colonized by the French in the 1800s -Ho Chi Minh and other nationalists resisted French colonization -in 1954, Vietnam was divided into a Communist north and a non-Communist south

question

The Domino Theory

answer

The US intervened in Southeast Asia because of the domino theory [if north vietnam is communist it may make other countries communist] -supported nondemocratic regimes over Communist ones -Created Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

question

American Involvement in Vietnam

answer

-Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel into Communist north and non-Communist south Vietnam. -The United States used the domino theory to justify its intervention in Southeast Asia. The United States helped create SEATO, which was designed to be a military alliance to prevent the spread of communism.

question

The Vietcong and Guerrilla Warfare

answer

Ho Chi Minh supported and armed the Vietcong rebels in the south -the Vietcong used guerrilla warfare tactics -the United States military presence gradually increased -By 1969, 500,000 American troops were fighting in Vietnam

question

End of the War

answer

By 1975, the fighting was over in Vietnam (Treaty of Paris signed) -ended the war in vietnam (US troops withdrew) (North Vietnam annexed south) -became one country under Communist rule

question

The Effects of the War in Vietnam

answer

-resulted in the spread of communism to Laos and Cambodia -led to intense protests and anti-government feelings in the US -reduced support of the containment policy -resulted in the deaths of 58000 Americans and three million Vietnamese

question

TheArms Race

answer

the US and the USSR competed ot build more powerful weapons -they developed the hydrogen bomb and ICBMs (intercontinental ballistics missiles) -both nations acquired enough weapons to destroy the world -soviet deployment of missiles to Cuba resulted in the Cuban Missile Crisis

question

How did the Cold War lead to conflict?

answer

The United States wanted to maintain its superpower status and contain communism by maintaining the Cold War with the Soviet Union. In this case, conflict in Korea, Vietnam, and Cuba resulted from the Cold War. The American government felt threatened by the Communist government and wanted to see democracy prevail over communism. In this case, many times America felt forced to protect its government and beliefs, and to protect other countries from falling to communism.

question

----------------------

answer

---------

question

US-Soviet Relations

answer

the united states and soviet union shared a tense relationship -competition over international influence -arms race involving nuclear weapons -tensions led to standoffs in Berlin, Korea, and Cuba in the 1970s, the relationship began to improve

question

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

answer

beginning in 1972, the US and the USSR began to negotiate a series of nuclear arms limitation treaties [SALT 1] -signed in 1972 by 35 countries -capped nuclear arms production -limited number of launch sites [SALT 2] -signed in 1979 -limited number of ICBM launchers -banned new missile programs -US congress did not ratify

question

What led to the detente between the United States and Soviet Union?

answer

-Desire for nuclear arms reduction -Conflict over missiles in Cuba -Increasing US involvement in the Vietnam War

question

Ronald Reagan (1911-2004)

answer

-abandoned detente -created strategic defense initiative (SDI) -believed the US could win the Cold War by outspending the USSR

question

Reagan's Cold War Strategy

answer

Reagan's approach toward the USSR shifted between his first and second terms in office [First Term] -aggressive and confrontational -focused on military buildup -engaged in conflict worldwide [Second Term] -held summits with soviet leaders -agreed to ban some nuclear missiles -scaled back US involvement in conflicts

question

Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1931)

answer

-became leader of the Soviet Union in 1985 -believed the USSR had to change due to social and economic pressures of the West -initiated reforms in government and the economy

question

Gorbachev's Reforms

answer

[Perestroika] -meant "restructing" -reduced government control of the economy -allowed election of nonparty candidates [Glasnot] -meant "openness" -provided open elections -allowed criticism of government officials -granted some freedom of the press

question

Effects of Perestroika and Glasnost

answer

[Economic] -private ownership of businesses -farm and factory managers gained more authority [Political] -end of one-party politics -debate over government policies allowed [Cultural] -exposure to ideas, music, and fashions of the West -increased access to news and media

question

Unrest in the East

answer

Gorbachev's reforms encouraged many in Eastern Europe to rebel against the Soviets -Gorbachev began to lost support from the Communists -Boris Yeltsin gained popularity

question

The Coup

answer

in 1991, the military attempted to seize control of the government in a coup d'etat -Boris Yeltsin convinced the army troops to disobey their orders -he was elected president in the first open election

question

The Breakup of the USSR

answer

former soviet republics declared their independence -by december 1991, the soviet union had been dissolved -russia briefly led a confederation of states -the transition to democracy and capitalism was challenging

question

Words to Know

answer

-in the 1970s the US and soviet union entered a period detente -SALT I and SALT II were negotiated limitation treaties focusing on nuclear arms -during his second term, president reagan held summites with soviet leaders -gorbachev's reforms were called perestroika and glasnost -gorbachev and reagan used their authority to help bring about an end to the cold war

question

---

answer

-----------------------------------------------=----

question

The Effects of War

answer

WWII had drastic effects on Europe -$1 trillion -resources exploited and drained -cities and factories heavily damaged -infrastructure destroyed -millions of people homeless -agriculture disrupted

question

Population Losses

answer

Germany: 4,200,000 Italy: 395,000 France: 563,000 United Kingdom: 357,000 Soviet Union: 18,000,000

question

The Schuman Plan

answer

france's foreign minister Robert Schuman proposed the Schuman Plan on May 9, 1950 called for: -aligning the nations of Europe economically and politically to secure lasting peace -ending the france/germany rivalry

question

European Coal and Steel Community

answer

the european coal and steel community (ECSC) was created in 1950 -management of heavy industry together -protection against the creation of weapons of war

question

European Economic Community

answer

The European Economic Community was created in 1957 -cooperation on the development of energy and resources -elimination of tariffs on trade between member nations

question

The European Union

answer

in 1993, the EU was created -began to cooperate in new areas, such as law enforcement and foreign policy -created a government with a parliament, executive branch, and judicial branch

question

The European Union 2

answer

-charter of fundamental rights -common currency -government -common policies -diplomatic relations

question

According to the treaty, would the Soviet Union have been allowed to join the European Union?

answer

no, because they were not democratic

question

Trade in the European Union

answer

the EU created a common market -it encouraged trade across national boundaries -workers were free to move from one nation to another -some nations adopted a single currency, called the euro

question

Collapse of the USSR

answer

when the Soviet Union collapsed, it had dramatic effects in Eastern Europe [initially, people were excited] [they were unprepared for the challenges, however] -did not possess the skills required for citizens of successful democracies -unprepared for the difficult transition from a command economy to a market economy

question

Negative Effects of Communism's End

answer

the collapse of communism had significant negative effects on the lives of Eastern Europeans -widespread poverty -growth in unemployment -more corruption in government -decline in public services -increase in mortality

question

Benefits of Communism's End

answer

-growth in entrepreneurship -freedom of movement -establishment of a free press -more contact with western Europe

question

Compare and Contrast

answer

[Belarus] -80% of industry still state-controlled -inefficient industrial base with outdated machinery and factories -dependent on russia for electricity and access to markets -about half of all workers employed by the government -not a member of the EU [Slovakia] -by 2013, had almost completed privatization of the economy -one of the fastest-growing economies in the EU -well-educated labor force -adopted the euro in 2009

question

European Union

answer

former communist nations began to join the EU in the new millennium -the czech republic and slovakia, estonia, hungary, latvia, lithuania, poland, and slovenia joined in 2004 -bulgaria and romania joined in 2007 -many of them also joined the north atlantic treaty organization (NATO)

question

EU Effects

answer

[Advantages] -the 2nd highest gross domestic product in the world -technologically advanced, with excellent education and healthcare systems -members free to move from country to country without restriction -high standard of living [Challenging] -great differences in per capita income among member states -diverse views on government spending -significant debt problems for some states

question

-------------------------

answer

----

question

Mao Zedong (1893-1976)

answer

-led a communist revolution in china -established the people's republic of china in 1949 -established

Modern World Beginnings (Part B) – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards