MOD6 – chapter 28 – soft tissue trauma – Flashcards

Which of the following is a major function of the skin? Answer Excretion of wastes Protection from the environment Temperature regulation All of the above

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the skin? Answer Dermis Epidermis Adipose tissue Fascia

Which of the following layers of the skin is the most important in insulating the body against heat loss? Answer Parietal layer Subcutaneous layer Epidermis Subdural layer

Which of the following is required in the management of all open soft-tissue injuries? Answer Provision of high-concentration oxygen Use of Standard Precautions by the EMT Cervical spine precautions Application of a disinfectant solution

An injury in which the epidermis remains intact, but blood vessels and cells in the dermis are injured, is called a(n): Answer contusion. abrasion. concussion. avulsion.

Which type of wound has a small opening into the skin, but may be quite deep, and is often caused by instruments such as nails, ice picks, or pencils? Answer Avulsion Laceration Puncture Incision

A wound in which the epidermis is scraped away with minimal bleeding, such as commonly occurs when a child falls on his knees on a sidewalk, is called a(n): Answer abrasion. contusion. avulsion. evisceration.

An injury caused by heavy pressure to the tissues, such as when an extremity is trapped under a fallen tree, that results in damage to muscle cells and the accumulation of waste products in the tissue is called a(n): Answer crush injury. evisceration. contusion. abrasion.

Which of the following BEST describes an avulsion? Answer An injury caused by a sharp, pointed object A flap of skin that is partially or completely torn away from the underlying tissue The epidermis that is scraped away by a rough surface An accumulation of blood beneath the skin, resulting in swelling

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries should initially be controlled with which one of the following techniques? Answer Application of an ice pack or chemical cold pack Direct pressure Elevation of the injured part Running cold water over the wound

Which of the following is NOT an open tissue injury? Answer Abrasion Contusion Avulsion Evisceration

A 36-year-old man has accidentally shot a nail into his thigh while using a nail gun. Under which of the following circumstances should the EMT remove the nail from the injury site? Answer The nail is less than 2 inches in length. The patient's distal pulse, motor function, and sensation are intact. Bleeding from the wound is minimal. None of the above

Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing? Answer An open wound to the neck An open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding An open wound to the chest All of the above

Which of the following is recommended when caring for an amputated part? Answer Rinse away debris with saline solution and place the part in a container of ice. Wrap the part in aluminum foil to preserve body temperature. Seal the part in a plastic bag and place it in a pan of water cooled by an ice pack. Always transport the amputated part with the patient.

A burn extending into the subcutaneous fat would be classified as which type of burn? Answer Deep partial thickness Full thickness Superficial partial thickness Superficial

Which of the following BEST describes a partial thickness burn? Answer The skin is red, but dry and painful. The skin is charred or blackened and lacks sensation. The skin is white and dry with no sensation of pain. The skin is red and moist with blister formation.

Your patient is a 25-year-old man who picked up an iron skillet with a very hot handle. He has a reddened area with blisters across the palm of his hand. Which of the following must be avoided in the prehospital management of this wound? Answer Application of a dry, sterile dressing Application of antibiotic ointment Elevation of the wound above the level of the heart Keeping the site clean

Your patient is a 35-year-old female who spilled a cup of hot coffee on herself. She has an area about twice the size of the palm of her hand on her right thigh that is red and painful, but without blisters. When caring for this injury in the prehospital setting, which of the following is appropriate? Answer Apply an antibiotic ointment. Apply a lotion containing a topical anesthetic and aloe vera. Apply a plastic bag full of ice to the skin. Apply a dry sterile dressing.

Which of the following patients has the greatest likelihood of being cared for in a burn center? Answer A 45-year-old man who has a full thickness burn about 3 inches long by 1/2 inch wide on his posterior arm from backing into a barbecue grill A 30-year-old woman who has deep partial thickness burns on her hand and arm as a result of spilling hot cooking oil on herself A 12-year-old male with a superficial partial thickness burn involving his forearm as a result of making a torch by lighting aerosol from a can of hairspray A 16-year-old female who came into contact with a motorcycle exhaust pipe and has a full thickness burn on her leg about 2 inches in diameter

For which of the following patients should the EMT carefully continue to monitor the patient's ventilatory status throughout treatment and transport due to the greatest risk of respiratory failure? Answer A 17-year-old male with a blistering sunburn on his face A 34-year-old male who opened the radiator of his car and had hot fluid spray on his chest, resulting in redness and pain in an area about the size of the patient's hand A 28-year-old male who spilled a strong industrial acid on his legs A 16-year-old male whose shirt caught on fire, resulting in circumferential burns of his chest

Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of dressings used in the prehospital management of most open wounds? Answer Absorbent Occlusive Adherent Sterile

In caring for a 27-year-old male who has a large laceration on his anterior forearm, you have noticed that your pressure dressing has become saturated with blood. Which of the following should you do next? Answer Remove the saturated dressings and apply a large trauma dressing. Apply an ice pack over the original dressing. Apply a tourniquet. Apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place.

Your patient is a 55-year-old male who was found in the parking lot behind a tavern. He states that he was assaulted and robbed by three individuals. He is complaining of being "hit in the face and kicked and punched in his ribs and stomach." Your examination reveals contusions and swelling around both eyes, bleeding from the nose, a laceration of his upper lip, and multiple contusions of the chest, abdomen, and flanks. Which of the following should cause the greatest concern regarding the prehospital care of this patient? Answer The presence of any defensive wounds the patient may have sustained The swelling around his eyes, which may be reduced by applying a cold pack Potential internal injuries Getting a description of the assailants

Which of the following is NOT appropriate in caring for a patient with closed soft-tissue injuries and a significant mechanism of injury? Answer Treat for shock if you think there are internal injuries even if the patient's vital signs are normal. Anticipate vomiting. Splint any swollen, deformed extremities. All of the above are appropriate.

Which of the following is true concerning lacerations? Answer They may indicate deeper underlying tissue damage. They may be caused by penetrating trauma. They may be caused by blunt trauma. All of the above

Which of the following is of concern with a puncture wound? Answer An object that remains impaled in the body Hidden internal bleeding with minimal external bleeding A strong possibility of contamination All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a type of avulsion? Answer The skin is partially torn away from the foot. A finger is cut off with a butcher's saw. An ear is partially torn away from the head. The skin is stripped off the hand, like removing a glove.

Your patient is a 14-year-old male who crashed his bicycle, landing prone and sliding along a gravel trail. He has deep abrasions to his hands, arms, chest, and knees. The patient has small pieces of gravel, twigs, and dirt embedded in the abrasions. Which of the following is the best way to manage this situation after taking cervical spine immobilization? Answer Use your fingers to pick embedded debris from the wound, bandage with moist saline dressings in place, and transport. Do not attempt to remove any debris, apply pressure dressings over the embedded material if necessary, apply high-concentration oxygen, and transport. Use a tongue depressor to scrape large pieces of debris out of the wounds, place the patient on high-concentration oxygen, and transport. Assess for additional injuries, flush away large pieces of debris with a sterile dressing, place dressings on the abrasions, bandage them in place, and transport.

Your patient is a 32-year-old man with a fish hook that has perforated his hand between the thumb and index finger. Which of the following is the best way to manage the situation in the prehospital setting? Answer Push the hook through the wound to avoid further damage from the barbed end. Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it. Apply a pressure dressing over the hook. Pull the hook out from the same direction in which it entered the hand.

Which of the following is a consideration in determining a burn's severity? Answer Other illnesses or injuries the patient may have Body surface area involved in the burn The type of agent that caused the burn All of the above

Your patient is a 40-year-old man who was burned when he spilled gasoline on his pants as he was standing near the pilot light of his hot water heater. He has partial thickness burns from his feet to just above his knees, and circumferentially around both legs. Using the rule of nines, which of the following most accurately represents the extent of body surface area burned? Answer 18 percent 9 percent 36 percent 4.5 percent

Which of the following is of concern in a patient who received burns to his hand when he grabbed a live electrical wire? Answer The extent of tissue damage may be much greater than it appears on the surface. The burning will continue for hours, perhaps days. The patient remains an electrocution hazard to rescuers for several minutes after being removed from the source of electricity. Toxic gases were inhaled.

Your patient is a 40-year-old male who has been exposed to a dry chemical powder and is complaining of severe pain on both of his hands, the site of the contact. He is working in an illegal chemical manufacturing plant and there is no decontamination shower on site. Which of the following would be the BEST way to manage this situation? Answer Have the fire department connect to a hydrant and spray down the patient from head to toe. Brush away as much powder as possible and then pour a bottle of sterile saline solution over his hands. Brush away as much of the powder as possible and then have the patient hold his hands under running water from a faucet or regular garden hose. Brush away the powder and bandage the hands in a position of function.

While assessing a 78-year-old male patient who escaped an apartment fire with partial thickness burns to both arms, the EMT must be aware of which of the following? Answer Being involved in a crime makes the patient part of the chain of evidence, requiring a police officer to ride with you to the hospital. The burn is the most serious injury to the patient. Medical conditions may be aggravated by the burn. The patient may need to be questioned by police and fire officials about the cause of the fire.

Burns pose a greater risk to infants and children for which of the following reasons? Answer Pediatric patients have a greater risk of heart problems associated with the burn. Pediatric patients have a greater risk of shock from the burn. Infants and children have a greater risk of infection from the burn. None of the above

You are assessing a 30-year-old male patient that had his arm caught in a piece of machinery. By the time you arrive he has been freed. The patient tells you that he does not understand why you were called, but as you inspect the injured limb you notice a small puncture wound. You should have a high index of suspension of which of the following injuries? Answer Puncture Crush injury Chemical burn High-pressure injection

While assessing a patient with partial thickness burns to his chest and neck, what should be your highest priority (even if there are no symptoms presently)? Answer None of the choices Airway Hypothermia Bleeding

You assess a 35-year-old female patient with a chemical burn to her right forearm and hand. As you assess the burn, you notice a white powder on the burn. What should be your next step? Answer Transport the patient immediately to the closest burn center. Brush the powder off the patient's arm and hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water. Flush the arm and hand with copious amounts of water. Brush off the powder, bandage the arm, and transport the patient to the closest trauma center.

When using the rule of palm to estimate the approximate body surface area burned, the patient's palm equals about what percentage of the body's surface area? Answer 1 percent 2 percent 5 percent 3 percent

According to the Rule of Nines for infants and young children, the patient's head and neck account for what percentage of the total body surface area? Answer 13.5 percent 14 percent 9 percent 18 percent