MIS-213 CH1 – Flashcards
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Information System
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a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective
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Data
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raw facts, such as an employee #, # of hours worked in a week, inventory part #s, or sales orders
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Information
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collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the fact of the facts themselves
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Alphanumeric data
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#s, letters, and other characters
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Image data
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graphic images and pictures
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Audio data
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sound, noise & tones
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Video data
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moving images or pictures
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Electronic Records Management
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electronic forms to store, organize, and control important data
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Process
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a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome (turning data into information)
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Knowledge
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the awareness and understanding of a set of information & ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision
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Knowledge workers
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people who create, use, and disseminate knowledge, and are usually professionals in science, engineering, business, and other areas
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Knowledge management system
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organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to create, store, and use the organization's knowledge & experience
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Input
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the activity of gathering and capturing raw data (# of hours worked before getting paycheck)
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Processing
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converting or transforming data into useful outputs (ex. calculations, comparing data, storing data)
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Output
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production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports (paychecks, reports, information supplied; can become input for another)
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Feedback
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output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities (errors or problems)
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Forecasting
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predicting future events to avoid problems (before a shortage occurs)
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Computer-based information system
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a single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information (ex: company's payroll, order entry, or inventory-control system)
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Information Technology
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refers to hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications
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Technology infrastructure
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all the hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information
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Hardware
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computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities (keyboards, mice, scanning, computer chips)
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Software
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the computer programs that govern the operation of the computer
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Database
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organized collection of facts and information
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Telecommunications
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electronic transmission of signals for communications, which enable organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks
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Networks
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computers & equipment that are connected in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications
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Internet
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the world's largest computer network, actually consisting of thousands of interconnected networks all freely exchanging information
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Intranet
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an internal network based on web technologies that allows people within an organization to exchange information & work on projects
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Extranet
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a network based on web technologies that allows selected outsiders such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company's intranet
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Procedures
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the strategies, policies, methods, & rules for using CBIS
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Business information systems
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often integrated in one product and can be delivered by the same software package
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e-commerce
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any business transaction executed electronically between companies (business2business), companies & customers (busines2consumer), consumer & other consumer (consumer2consumer), business and the public sector, and consumers and the public sector
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Mobile commerce
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transactions conducted anywhere, anytime. Relies on wireless communications [ex handheld computers, laptop, mobile devices]
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Electronic procurement
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involves using information systems and the internet to aquire parts & supplies
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Electronic business
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using information systems and the internet to perform all business-related tasks and functions [ex. Accounting, finance, marketing, manufacturing, & human resource activities
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Transaction
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any business-related exchange, such as payments to employees, sales to customers, and payments to suppliers
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Transaction processing system
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an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions
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Enterprise systems
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help organizations perform and integrate important tasks, such as paying employees and suppliers, controlling inventory, sending invoices, and ordering supplies
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Enterprise resource planning
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is a set of integrated programs that manages the vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization. (replace on program with many unified programs)
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Management information system
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organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers (focuses on operational efficiency)
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Decision support systems
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an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making.
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Artificial intelligence
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a field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence
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Expert systems
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give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field
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Knowledge base
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the collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome
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Virtual reality
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the stimulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experienced visually in three dimensions
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Systems development
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the activity of creating or modifying business systems
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Organization
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a formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals
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Value chain
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a series of activities that includes inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production, finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service (investigate each chain)
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Supply chain management
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helps determine what suppliers are required for the value chain, what quantities are needed to meet customer demand, how the supplies should be processed (manufactured) into finished goods & services, and how the shipment of supplies and products to customers should be scheduled, monitored and controlled
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Customer relationship management
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programs help a company manage all aspects of customer encounters, including marketing and advertising, sales, customer service after the sale, and programs to retain loyal customers
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Culture
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a set of major understanding and assumptions shared by a group
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Organizational culture
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the major understandings and assumptions for a business, corporation, or other organization
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Organizational change
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the responses that are necessary so that for-profit and nonprofit organizations can plan for, implement, and handle change
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Technology acceptance model
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specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about the information, along with higher acceptance and usage of the system in the organization
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Technology diffusion
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a measure of how widely technology is spread throughout the organization
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Technology infusion
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an extent to which technology permeates an area or department
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Competitive advantage
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a significant (ideally) long-term benefit to a company over its competition
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Five-Forces Model
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a widely accepted model that identifies 5 key factors that can lead to attainment of competitive advantage
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Productivity
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a measure of the output achieved divided by the input required
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Return on investment
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one measure of IS value that investigates the additional profits or benefits that are generated as a percentage of the investment in IS technology
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Total cost of ownership
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the measurement of the total cost of owning computer equipment, including desktops, networks, & large computers
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Information center
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a support function that provides users with assistance, training, application development, documentation, equipment selection and setup standards, technical assistance, and troubleshooting
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Information service unit
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a miniature IS department
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Certification
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a process for testing skills and knowledge, which results in a statement by the certifying authority that states an individual is capable of performing a particular kind of job
