question

the study of matter and chages in matter best describes the science of

answer

chemistry

question

chemistry may be least useful in studying

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falling bodies

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chemistry is

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a physical science

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chemistry is defines as the study of the compostion and structure of materials and

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the changes in matter

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study of all composition and structure of materials and the changes that materials undergo best describes the science of

answer

chemistry

question

study of the composition and structure of materials and the changes that materials undergo best describes the science of

answer

chemistry

question

chemistry may be most useful in studying

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why materials corrode

question

the branch of chemistry that includes the study of materials and processes that occurring in living things is

answer

biochemistry

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the branch of chemistry that is concerned with the identification and composition of materials is

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analytical chemistry

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the study of substances containing carbon is

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organic chemistry

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organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and physical chemistry are not

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biological sciences

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the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties, changes, and relationships between energy and matter is

answer

physical chemistry

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technology is the

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application of scientific knowledge to solve problems

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an example of technology is

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the use of a new antibiotic to fight an infection

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basic research is

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carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge

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applied research is

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carried out to solve a problem

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a physical property may be investigated by

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melting ice

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chemical properties include

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changes that alter the identity of a substance

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two features that distinguish matter are

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mass and volume

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one chemical property of matter is

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reactivity

question

an example of an extensive physical property is

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mass

question

which of the following is an intensive physical property: volume, length, color, or mass

answer

color

question

a chemical change occurs when

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a leaf changes color

question

the melting of candle wax is classified as a physical change because it

answer

produces no new substance

question

an example of a chemical change is

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milk going sour

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a physical change occurs when a

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glue gun melts a glue stick

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the particles in a solid are

answer

packed closely together

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the state of matter in which a material is most likely to resist compression is the

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solid state

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the state of matter in which a material has definite shape and definite volume is the

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solid state

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the state of matter in which particles are rigidly held in fixed positions is the

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solid state

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a substance classified as a fluid contains particles that

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may slide past each other

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the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but no definite shape is the

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liquid state

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under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are

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very far from each other

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a list of pure substances could include

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vitamin C (absorbic acid)

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the substances that are chemically bound together are

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the elements that compose water

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physical means can be used to separate

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mixtures

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the most useful source of chemical information about the elements is a

answer

periodic table

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a horizontal row of blocks in the periodic table is called a(n)

answer

period

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elements in a group in the periodic table can be expected to have similar

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properties

question

a vertical column of blocks in the periodic table is called a(n)

answer

group

question

the elements that border the zigzag line in the periodic table are

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metalloids

question

the reason for organizing, analyzing, and classifying data is

answer

to find relationships among the data

question

which of the following observations is quantitative: liquid turns blue litmus paper red; liquid boils at 100C; liquid tastes bitter; liquid is cloudy

answer

liquid boils at 100C

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quantitative observations are recorded using

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numerical information

question

qualitative observations are recorded using

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non-numerical information

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a testable statement used for making predictions and carrying out further experiments is a

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hypothesis

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a plausible explanation of a body of observed natural phenomena is a scientific

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theory

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the validity of scientific concepts is evaluated by

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testing hypotheses

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a theory is an accepted explanation of an observed phenomenon until

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repeated data and observation conflict with the theory

question

standards are chosen because they

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are reproducible in another laboratory

question

a quantity does not have

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measurement

question

all of the following describe measurement standards except: avoid ambiguity; must be unchanging; need not agree with a previously defined size; confusion eliminated when correct measurement applied

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standard need not agree with a previously defined size

question

all of the following describe a unit except: unite compares what is being measured with a previously defined size; usually preceded by a number; usually is not important in finding a solution to a problem; or choice of unit depends on quantify being measured

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a unit is usually not important in finding a solution to a problem

question

all of the following are examples of unites except: weight; kilometer; gram; teaspoon

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weight

question

all but one of these units are SI base units: kilogram; second;liter; Kelvin

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liter

question

the SI standard units for length and mass are

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meter and kilogram

question

the metric unit for length that is closest to the thickness of a dime is the

answer

millimeter

question

the symbol mm represents

answer

millimeter

question

the symbols for units of length is order from smallest to largest are

answer

mm, cm, m, km

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the symbol for the metric unit used to measure mass is

answer

g

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the quantity of matter per unit volume is

answer

density

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a quantity that describes the concentration of matter is

answer

density

question

the unit m3 measures

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volume

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the liter is defined as

answer

1000 cm3

question

the standard unit for mass is the

answer

kilogram

question

a volume of 1 cubic centimeter is equivalent to

answer

1 milliliter

question

the symbol that represents the measured unit for volume is

answer

mL.

question

the SI base unit for time is the

answer

second

question

the unite abbreviation for time is

answer

s.

question

the most appropriate SI unit for measuring the length of an automobile is the

answer

meter

question

the SI base unit for length is the

answer

meter

question

all of the following are SI units for density except: kb/m3; g/mL; g/cm3; g/m2

answer

d/m2

question

a change in the force of Earth's gravity on an object will affect its

answer

weight

question

a measure of Earth's gravitational pull on matter is

answer

weight

question

a true statement about mass is that

answer

mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a balance

question

to determine density the quantities that must be measured are

answer

volume and mass

question

the relationship between the mass m of a material, its volume V, and its density D is

answer

DV = m

question

to calculate the density of an object,

answer

divide its mass by its volume

question

when density is measured,

answer

the temperature should be specified

question

which statement about density is true?

answer

density is a physical property

question

the density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm3. The volume of a solid piece of aluminum is 1.50 cm3. Find its mass.

answer

4.05g

question

the mass of a 5.00cm3 sample of gold is 96.5 g. The density of gold is

answer

19.3 g/cm3

question

what is the density of 37.72 g of matter whose volume is 6.80 cm3?

answer

5.55 g/cm3

question

the density of sugar is 1.59 g/cm3. The mass of a sample is 4.0g. Find the volume of the sample.

answer

2.5 cm3

question

the mass of a 5.00 cm3 sample of clay is 11g. what is the density of the clay?

answer

2.2 g.cm3

question

the mass of a 6.0 mL sample of kerosene is 4.92 g. The density of kerosene is

answer

0.82 g/mL

question

100 milliliters is equivalent to

answer

1 deciliter

question

10 -2 meter is the same as

answer

10 milliliters

question

0.25 g is equivalent to

answer

250 mg

question

0.05 cm is the same as

answer

0.5 mm

question

1.06 L of water is equivalent to

answer

1060 mL

question

the number of grams equal to 0.5 kg is

answer

500

question

30 degrees C equals

answer

303.15K

question

convert -25 degrees C to the kelvin scale

answer

248.15 K

question

how many minutes are in 1 week?

answer

10,080 minutes

question

if 1 inch equals 2.54 cm, how many centimeters equal 1 yard?

answer

91.4 cm

question

a measurement that closely agrees with accepted alues is said to be

answer

accurate

question

a measurement is said to have good precision if it

answer

agrees closely with other measurements of the same quantity

question

if some measurements agree closely but differ widely from the actual value, these measurements are

answer

precise, but not accurate

question

poor precision in scientific measurement may arise from

answer

both human error and the limitations of the measuring instrument

question

precision pertains to all of the following except: reproducibility of measurements; agreement among numerical values; sameness of measurements; closeness of a measurement to an accepted value

answer

closeness of a measurement to an accepted value

question

these values were obtained as the mass of products from the same reaction: 8.83 g; 8.84 g; 8.82 g. The known mass of products from that reaction is 8.60 g. The values are

answer

precise

question

five darts strike near the center of the target. Whoever threw the darts is

answer

both accurate and precise

question

a chemist who frequently carries out a complex experiment is likely to have high

answer

precision

question

when applied to scientific measurements, the words "accuracy" and "precision"

answer

have distinctly different meanings

question

using the same balance, a chemist obtained the values 5.224 g, 5.235 g, and 5.25 g for the mass of a sample. These measurements have

answer

poor precision

question

when determining the number of significant digits in a measurement,

answer

all nonzero digits are significant

question

for numbers less than 0.1, such as 0.06, the zeros to the right of the decimal point but before the first nonzero digit

answer

show the decimal place of the first digit

question

to two significant figures, the measurement 0.0255 g should be reported as

answer

0.026 g

question

in division and multiplication, the answer must not have more significant figures than the

answer

number in the calculation with fewest significant figures

question

a sum or difference of whole numbers should be rounded so that the final digit is in the same place as the

answer

leftmost uncertain digit

question

the number of significant figures in the measurement 0.000 305 kg is

answer

3

question

the number of significant figures in the measured value 0.003 20 g is

answer

3

question

the measurement that has been expressed to three significant figures is

answer

0.202 g

question

the number of significant figures in the measurement 170.040 km is

answer

6

question

the measurement that has been expressed to four significant figures is

answer

30.00 mm

question

the number of significant figures in the measurement 210 cm is

answer

2

question

the measurement that has only nonsignificant zeros of the following: 0.0037 mL; 60.0 mL; 400. mL; or 506 mL

answer

0.0037 mL

question

the number of these that has five significant figures: 23 410; 0.006 52; 0.017 83; 10.292

answer

10.292

question

using a metric ruler with 1 mm divisions, you find the sides of a rectangular piece of plywood are 3.54 cm and 4.85 cm. You calculate that the area is 17.1690 cm2. To the correct number of significant figures, the result should be expressed as

answer

17.2 cm2

question

when 64.4 is divided by 2.00, the correct number of significant figures in the result is

answer

3

question

the dimensions of a rectangular solid are measured to be 1.27 cm, 1.3 cm, and 2.5 cm. The volume should be recorded as

answer

4.1 cm3

question

three samples of 0.12g, 1.8 g, and 0.562 g are mixed together. The combined mass of all three samples, expressed to the correct number of significant figures, should be recorded as

answer

2.5 g

question

divide 5.7 m by 2 m. The quotient is correctly reported as

answer

3 m

question

the sum of 314. km and 32 km is correctly expressed as

answer

347 km

question

the product of 13 cm and 5.7 cm is correctly reported as

answer

74 cm2

question

round 1.245 633 501 x 10-8 to four significant figures

answer

1.246 x 10-8 (to 8th power)

question

the correct number of significant figures that should appear in the answer to the calculation 3.475 x 1.97 + 2.4712 is

answer

3

question

how may significant digits should be shown in the product of 1.6 cm and 2.4 cm?

answer

2

question

written in scientific notation, the measurement of 9.000 065 cm is

answer

6.5 x 10 -5 cm

question

the measurement of 0.020 L is the same as

answer

2.0 x 10 -2 L

question

expressed in scientific notation, 0.0930 m is

answer

9.30 x 10 -2 m

question

the speed of light is 300 000 km/s. In scientific notation, this speed is

answer

3 x 10 5 km/s

question

the average distance between the Earth and the moon is 386 000 km. Expressed in scientific notation, this distance is

answer

3.86 x 10 5 km

question

an analytical balance can measure mass to the nearest 1/10 000 of a gram, 0.0001 g. In scientific notation, the accuracy of the balance would be expressed as

answer

1 x 10 -4 g

question

when 1.92 x 10 -6 kg is divided by 6.8 x 10 2 mL, the quotient in kg/mL equals

answer

2.8 x 10 -9

question

when 6.02 x 10 23 is multiplied by 9.1 x 10 -31, the product is

answer

5.5 x 10 -7

question

the capacity of a Florence flask is 250 mL. Its capacity in liters expressed in scientific notation is

answer

2.5 x 10 01 L

question

if values for x and y vary as ian inverse proportion

answer

their product is a constant

question

two variables are directly proportional if their ? has a constant value

answer

quotient

question

the graph of a direct proportion is a(n)

answer

straight line

question

two variables are inversely proportional if the ? has a constant value

answer

product

question

the graph of an inverse proportion is a)n_

answer

hyperbola

question

which of the following is not true: y is directly proportional to x; x is a variable; the product of y and x is a constant; or the graph of y versus x should be a straight line

answer

the product of y and x is a constant

question

in the expression m = DV, where m is mass, D is density, and V is volume, density is the

answer

constant

question

which of the following does not describe an inverse proportion between x and y: xy = k; x = k/y; y = k/x; k = ky

answer

k = x/y

question

which of the following does not describe a direct proportion between x and y: xy = k; x/y = k; y/x = k; x = ky

answer

xy = k

question

in the equation density = mass/volume, mass divided by volume as a constant ratio. This means that the

answer

equation graphs as a straight line

question

law of conservation of mass

answer

states that mass is neither destroyed nor created during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes

question

law of multiple proportions

answer

states that 2 or more different compounds are composed of the same 2 elements, then the ratio of the masses of the 2nd element combined with a certain mass of the 1st element is always a ratio of small whole numbers

question

atom

answer

smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element

question

lse og frginiyr ptopotyiond
:) law of definite proportions

answer

fact that a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound

question

nuclear forces

answer

short-range proton-neutron, proton-proton, and neutron-neutron forces hold the nuclear particles together

question

atomic mass unit

answer

exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

question

atomic number

answer

the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element

question

isotopes

answer

atoms of the same element that have different masses

question

mass number

answer

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope

question

nuclids

answer

general term for any isotope of any element

question

average atomic mass

answer

weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element

question

Avogadro's number

answer

6.022 x 10 23 is the number of particles in exactly 1 mole of a pure substance

question

molar mass

answer

mass of 1 mole of a pure substance

question

mole

answer

amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12

question

contiguous spectrum

answer

the emission of a contiguous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

question

electromagnetic radiation

answer

form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

question

electromagnetic spectrum

answer

all forms of electromagnetic radiation

question

excited state

answer

state where an atom has a higher potential energy then it has at ground state

question

frequency

answer

the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time

question

ground state

answer

lowest energy state of an atom

question

line-emission spectrum

answer

when a narrow beam of emitted light was shined through a prism, it was separated into a series of specific frequencies of visible light

question

photoelectric effect

answer

the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on a metal

question

photon

answer

a particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy

question

quantum

answer

the minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom

question

wavelength

answer

the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves

question

angular momentum quantum number

answer

indicates the shape of the orbital "L"

question

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

answer

states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle

question

magnetic quantum number

answer

symbolized by m, indicates the orientation of an orbital around nucleus

question

orbital

answer

a 3-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron

question

principal quantum number

answer

symbolized by n. indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron

question

quantum numbers

answer

specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals

question

quantum theory

answer

describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles

question

spin quantum number

answer

has only 2 possible values that indicate the 2 fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital

question

Auflau principle

answer

an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it

question

electron configuration

answer

arrangement of electrons in an atom

question

highest occupied level

answer

the electron-containing main energy level with the highest principal quantum number

question

Hand's rule

answer

orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by 1 electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin

question

inner-shell electrons

answer

electrons that are not in the highest occupied energy level

question

noble gases

answer

the group 18 elements

question

noble-gas configuration

answer

an outer main energy level fully occupied by usually 8 electrons

question

Pauli exclusion principle

answer

no 2 electrons in the same atom can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers

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