Mid-term Public Speaking Answers – Flashcards
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How does spoken language differ from written communication?
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Speakers make more references to themselves and to the audience.
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The Greeks referred to legislative or political speech as
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deliberative oratory.
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The recipient of the source's message is
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the receiver.
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Benefits of public speaking do not include
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improving budgetary skills.
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A form of communication between two people is called
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dyadic communication.
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Anything that influences the speaker, the audience, the speech, the occasion, or the situation is called
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context.
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Which of the following is not one of the five canons of rhetoric?
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persuasion
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Which of the following is the most formal type of communication?
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public speaking
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In this form of communication, the receiver is physically removed from the messenger, and feedback is delayed.
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mass communication
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To learn public speaking, you can draw on skills that you already possess from these two types of communication:
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conversation and composition.
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The audience's response to a message, conveyed both verbally and nonverbally, is referred to as
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feedback.
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Converting thoughts into words is called
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encoding.
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The Athenians demonstrated their oratorical talent in a public space called a(n)
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agora.
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Invention refers to
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developing information for your audience in order to make your case.
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A speech should be practiced at least how many times?
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six
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Which kind of outline is usually brief and contains key words or phrases?
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speaking
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Which part of a speech represents the speaker's last opportunity to motivate listeners and memorably state the theme of the speech?
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conclusion
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To inform, to persuade, and to mark a special occasion are the three types of
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general speech purposes.
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In which part of a speech should the speaker illustrate each main point using supporting material?
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body
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Which part of a speech alerts audience members to your specific speech purpose?
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introduction
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An effective speech should be organized around ______ main point(s).
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two or three
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In an outline, what kinds of points support main points?
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subordinate
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Audience analysis is a systematic process of getting to know the listeners relative to
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the topic and the speech occasion.
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The first step in the speechmaking process is ______, and the last step is ______.
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analyzing the audience; practicing delivery of the speech
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The first step in the speechmaking process is
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audience analysis
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Supporting material illustrates main points by ______ the speaker's main ideas.
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verifying
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The ______ of a speech is what the speaker intends the audience to learn or do as a result of the speech.
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specific purpose
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Anne chose to give a speech to her classmates about the categories of computer games. The general purpose of Anne's speech was
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to inform.
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Pre-preparation anxiety usually occurs when a speaker rehearses the speech.
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False
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Preparation and practice can help you develop a quality speech, but it cannot help to alleviate public speaking anxiety.
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False
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Speaking from manuscript
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is useful for conveying very precise messages.
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Extemporaneous delivery -
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falls somewhere between impromptu and written or memorized deliveries.
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Speaking from memory...
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can be successful for toasts or introductions.
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During the elocutionary movement...
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speechmaking was regarded as a type of performance, much like acting.
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A speaker can build rapport with audience members by...
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making the message relevant to their interests and attitudes, and by being direct in the delivery of the speech.
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Which type of delivery is unpracticed, spontaneous, or improvised, and involves speaking on relatively short notice with little time to prepare?
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impromptu
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The formal name for speaking from memory is
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oratory
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Effective speech delivery should be
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natural, enthusiastic, confident, and direct.
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When there is no variety in pitch, speaking becomes ...
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monotonous.
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When adjusting speaking volume, factors a speaker should consider ...
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include the size of the room and the number of people in the audience.
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Pitch is
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the range of sounds from high to low (or vice versa).
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Many expert speakers recommend practicing a speech at least ...
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five times in its final form.
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Videorecording....
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two practice sessions can provide valuable feedback to a speaker.
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The ethical persuasive speaker respects...
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audience members' choices.
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A persuasive appeal by emotion is termed
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pathos.
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Audience analysis is extremely important in
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persuasive speeches
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If a speaker is an expert, he or she
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has enough knowledge and experience to help the audience understand the speech topic.
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One element of an ethos-based appeal is
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the speaker's moral character
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The general goal of persuasive speaking is to
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influence, advocate, or ask listeners to accept the speaker's point of view.
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Speakers who employ propaganda aim to
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manipulate an audience's emotions for the purpose of promoting a belief system or dogma
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According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM), more long-lasting changes in audience perspectives occur if listeners process the speech message
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centrally.
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The persuader who seeks only minor changes is usually more successful at
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achieving them than the speaker who seeks major changes.
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A claim is also called
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a proposition.
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External evidence can be thought of
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as supporting material.
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The either-or fallacy poses an argument stated in
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terms of only two alternatives.
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In a two-sided message, a speaker will
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mention opposing points of view and sometimes attempt to refute them.
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Narratives, testimony, and facts drawn from an outside source are
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examples of external evidence.
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Warrants that appeal to the audience's emotions are
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motivational warrants.
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A logical fallacy is
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either a false or erroneous statement or an invalid or deceptive line of reasoning.
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Authoritative warrants appeal to
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the audience's reasoning.
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The refutation pattern of arrangement addresses
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each main point and then disproves an opposing claim.
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The fourth step in Monroe's motivated sequence pattern is
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visualization.
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Which step in Monroe's motivated sequence pattern of arrangement identifies the proposed solution?
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satisfaction
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Which organizational pattern demonstrates how the speaker's viewpoint is superior to alternative viewpoints?
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comparative advantage
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The audience's attitude toward a speech topic is
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an important factor to consider when selecting an organizational pattern.
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When audience members strongly disagree with the speaker's claims, they are considered a
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hostile audience.
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Which organizational pattern organizes speech points to demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and then to provide justification for a proposed solution?
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problem-solution
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A claim that addresses issues of judgment is called a
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claim of value.
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The narrative pattern of organization is
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particularly effective when addressing a sympathetic audience.
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When arguing a claim of policy, it may be important to
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demonstrate the proposal's feasibility.
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A typeface refers to
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a specific style of lettering, such as Arial or Times Roman.
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Bold, bright colors should be used to
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emphasize important points
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A speaker should limit the number of colors used in a graphic to
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two or three.
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The purpose of a presentation aid is to
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support, summarize, or add to the speaker's ideas.
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Presentation aids that try to communicate too many messages will
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overwhelm the audience
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A speaker's choice of key design elements (such as fonts, colors, and italics) should be
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consistent across presentation aids to help maintain continuity.
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The background color of a presentation should
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remain constant
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A speaker who has been introduced should respond to the introduction by
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using a combination of humility and humor.
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Banquets, awards dinners, and roasts are occasions that call for the
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entertainment function of special occasion speaking.
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One of the most famous after-dinner speakers in U.S. history is
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Mark Twain.
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When delivering a eulogy, the speaker should be sure to
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focus on the deceased's life by discussing his or her positive character traits.
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Anniversaries of important events, memorial dedications, and speeches of tribute are occasions that call for the
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commemoration function of special occasion speaking.
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Fund-raisers, campaign banquets, conferences, and conventions are occasions that call for the
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social agenda-setting function of special occasion speaking.
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People who have little or no public speaking experience will most likely deliver which type of special occasion speech at some point in their lives?
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a eulogy
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A speaker who delivers a speech of introduction should avoid
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evaluating or offering critical commentary on the speech of the person being introduced.
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In a speech of introduction, the introducer's task is to tell the audience something about
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the speaker's background.
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One of the most successful strategies a speaker can use in inspirational speaking is
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employing a dynamic speaking style.
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A sermon is an example of
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a speech of inspiration.
