question

What are the three branches of the criminal justice system in the U.S?

answer

The three branches are police, courts, and corrections.

question

Know examples of target hardening.

answer

Target hardening os the process of making an object less attractive to a potential criminal.

question

What is general deterrence?

answer

General deterrence seeks to prevent people from committing crimes by making an example out of a specific offender.

question

What is specific deterrence?

answer

Specific deterrence seeks to prevent a specific offender from committing a crime again.

question

Studies show police officers spend what percent of their time directly protecting society?

answer

Studies show police officers spend 1% of their time directly protecting society.

question

What are the consequences of allowing police officers discretion in who they arrest?

answer

Consequences are that discretion leads to inequality in the system and racial profiling.

question

How likely is someone to be accused of a crime if he or she is represented by a public defender?

answer

The poor who have public defenders are much more likely to be convicted of a crime then the rich who can afford private attorneys.

question

In the recent years there has been a tendency for sentencing strategies to become what?

answer

In recent years (the last 40 years) sentencing strategies has become more restrictive.

question

What are aggravating circumstances?

answer

Aggravating circumstances describe a crime in which the gravity is greater then the average instance of the offense.

question

What are mitigating circumstances?

answer

Mitigating circumstances are circumstances surrounding the commission of crime that may reduce the blameworthiness of the defendant.

question

Structured sentencing attempts to do what to judicial discretion?

answer

Structured sentencing attempts to make it so the legislative system of a state enacts constraints on judicial discretion in regards to determining criminal sentences.( restricts judicial discretion).

question

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1 out of how many people in the U.S. is likely to be incarcerated in his or her lifetime?

answer

According to the Bureau, 1 out of 15 people in the US is likely to be incarcerated in his or her lifetime.

question

What best describes the incarceration rate of the United States?

answer

The US has the highest incarceration rate of any nation in the world.

question

What percent of prisoners return to prison within three years of their release?

answer

More than 50% of inmates return to prison within 3 years of their release.

question

Sociologists James Austin and John Irwin calculated that including hidden expenses it costs how much to incarcerate an inmate for a single year?

answer

The sociologists calculated that including hidden expenses it costs 30,000 to incarcerate an inmate for a single year.

question

In Finland, prisons rely on what to achieve their aims?

answer

In finland they have fences without razor wires but cameras instead, prison officers do not wear uniforms, inmates live in areas that look like college dorms, and guards interact with inmates as if to get to know them as actual citizens.

question

The number of states that currently have the death penalty in the U.S. is?

answer

The number of states with the death penalty in the US is 32.

question

Alcohol was used by human beings starting from when?

answer

Alcohol was used by human beings starting from 3000 BCE

question

During the U.S. Civil War soldiers were regularly given what drug?

answer

During the US. Civil war, soldiers were regularly given opium and its derivative morphine.

question

By the beginning of the 20th century how widespread was drug use?

answer

By the beginning of the 20th harmful and addictive drugs were readily available, and coca cola contained cocaine until 1906.

question

How is drug abuse defined?

answer

Drug abuse is defined as the use of drugs despite adverse consequences.

question

How is a narcotic defined?

answer

A narcotic is a drug that is considered illegal.

question

What are the depressants?

answer

Depressants slow the activity of vital organs and cause a relaxed, sleepy feeling.

question

What are the effects of stimulants?

answer

Stimulants excite the body and stimulate the brain and central nervous system.

question

Cannabis is classified as what kind of drug?

answer

Cannabis is classified as a depressant.

question

What are the effects of hallucinogens?

answer

Hallucinogens distort the senses and cause hallucinations.

question

The medical model of drug abuse assumes what?

answer

The medical model of drug abuse assumes that individuals have biological predispositions to addiction, and these predispositions can be overcome by treatment.

question

Based on statistical data, a person of what age and gender is most likely to use drugs?

answer

Adolescent males are most likely to use drugs. (26 year old male).

question

Know symbolic interactionist theory

answer

Symbolic interactionist theory says that the social acceptability of a drug is linked to how society defines it.

question

What is one of the oldest and most well respected treatment programs?

answer

Alcoholics Anonymous

question

Why are people in the inner city more likely to be arrested for drugs than those that live in the suburbs?

answer

People are more likely to be arrested for drugs in inner city because the norm of successful lifestyle is not available to them, and they are constantly exposed to drug use from an early age. (You are more likely to be arrested for drugs in the inner city because you are more likely to be arrested period.)

question

According to the Drug Policy Alliance, which policy is likely to have more social benefits?

answer

According to DPA, treatment policy is limey to have more social benefits.

question

Why is asset forfeiture a controversial way of controlling drug sales?

answer

Asset forfeiture is a controversial way of controlling drug sales, because the burden of proof rests on the accused, the individual must provide evidence that the assets are not associated in illegal activity, the practice deviates from the civil rights standard of innocent until proven guilty, and over three quarters of people required to forfeit property were never charged with a crime.

question

When drug treatment programs are provided, what is the result?

answer

When drug treatment programs are provided the results are: drug sales decreased by 78%, Assaults decrease by 78%, shoplifting decrease by 82%, and individuals associated with illegal activity decreased 48%.

question

The first medical school in the United States was established in what year?

answer

The first medical school was established in the united states in 1765 in Philadelphia.

question

In order to furnish themselves with cadavers for dissection, colonial medical students often resorted to what?

answer

In order to furnish themselves with cadavers, students often resorted to grave robbing.

question

What schools of medicine were popular in the early United States?

answer

The schools of medicine popular in the early US were hydropaths, osteopaths, christian scientists, and homeopaths.

question

Osteopathic medicine is related to what kind of therapy?

answer

Osteopathic medicine is related to the kind of therapy that rejected the use of drugs and believed the manipulation of the skeleton could improve health. (Acupuncture, Chiropractor)

question

What are the causes of childhood obesity?

answer

The causes of childhood obesity are availability of energy dense foods and drinks combined with a lack of energy expenditure. Kids are eating more calories than they are burning.

question

According to the World Health Organization, a proper health system should have what?

answer

According to WHO, a proper health system should have low infant mortality rates and high life expectancy, fair distribution of good health, a high level of health care responsiveness, a fair distribution of responsiveness, a fair distribution of financing health care.

question

When compared with other nations, the United States health care system is what?

answer

The US is the only wealthy, industrialized, capitalist nation that does not provide some form of universal health care.

question

When compared to countries with integrated payment systems, the United States is what?

answer

Insurance administrative costs in the US are more than three times the rate in countries with integrated payment systems.

question

Give examples of the medicalization of America

answer

The control and respect doctors are given is proof of medicalization of America. The prevailing belief that we can find a pill for every problem.

question

In The Myth of Mental Illness, Dr. Thomas Szasz argues what?

answer

Dr. Thomas argues that these illnesses are often misdiagnosed and used as a means for social control.

question

Which sociologist is associated with the sick role?

answer

Parsons is associated with the sick role

question

According to sociologist Jill Quadagno, why has the U.S. government been resistant to universal health care?

answer

According to jill, the US has been resistant to universal health care because people who are making money (private insurance companies) are going to be harmed because of profit interest.

question

Why do those lower in the socioeconomic ladder have worse health than those above?

answer

Those lower in the socioeconomic ladder have worse health than those above because they cannot afford to pay for healthcare or medical bills.

question

In 2005, which group had the highest rate of chronic activity limitation?

answer

In 2005, groups with the highest rate of chronic activity limitation were poor people with less income, blacks, and people age 75 or older.

question

Educated individuals are more likely to do what?

answer

Educated individuals are more likely to practice a healthier lifestyle, visit their primary physicians more often, use new medical technologies and medicines, be aware of the health consequences of smoking and drinking, and transmit their healthier lifestyle to their children.

question

The sociological model of illness sees illness as what?

answer

The sociological model sees illness as subjective, moral, and political.

question

What factors are related to the decline in dominance of medical doctors?

answer

Factors that led to the decline in dominance of medical doctors were deprofessionalization, and proletarianization.

Mid term 4 Social Problems Cuesta College

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