Microbiology Final Exams 1-4 – Flashcards
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| Incidence is a better measure than prevalence for judging whether an outbreak is coming to an end. |
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| True |
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| Under certain circumstances a person's normal flora can cause disease. |
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| True |
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| All species in the genus Staphylococcus are coagulase-positive. |
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| False |
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| With respect to zoonoses, the reservoir and vector are always the same. |
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| False |
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| Some bacteria have enzymes that hydrolyze secretory IgA. these enzymes are virulence factors. |
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| True |
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| A temporary increase in the number of cases of a disease is called an outbreak. |
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| True |
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| A disease can have an infectious cause yet be non-communicable. |
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| True |
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| Streptococcus pyogenes is a Group A B-hemolytic strep. |
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| True |
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| Human herpesviruses establish life-long infections in people. |
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| True |
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| Because of respiratory droplet transmission, nursing home outbreaks of shingles are quite common. |
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| False |
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| People with immune deficiencies are more likely than normal people to have opportunistic infections. |
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| True |
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| The measles virus causes permanent, lifelong infections. |
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| False |
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| Infectious dose measures the number of cells or virus particles required to produce and infection |
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| True |
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| Fomites are small insects that transmit bacterial and viral pathogens |
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| false |
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| Some viruses can cause cancer |
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| True |
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| If a pathogen is described as "opportunistic" |
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| it will not cause disease in most healthy people. |
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| Adhesins are |
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| structures on pathogens that help them adhere to body surfaces. |
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| Which of these diseases are Not due to a bacterial toxin tetanus scalded skin syndrome toxic shock syndrome |
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| yeast infection |
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| When people disinfect benches and lockers in locker rooms, they are trying to prevent _____ transmission of MRSA. |
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| fromite |
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| This opportunistic fungus can infect the mouth, vagina, and diaper area |
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| Candida albicans |
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| In recent years, outbreak investivations in dialysis and other health-care settings have demonstrated that mishandling of parenteral medicaion vials can contribute to the risk for hepatitis C virus HCV infection" This is a quote from the 8/15/08 MMWR. How are parenteral medicines given to patients? |
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| in some way that involves a break in ghe skin, such as injection |
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| Chicken pox |
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| herpesvirus |
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| skin infections resembling spider bites |
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| a gram-positive catalase-positive coccus. |
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| opportunistic burn infections |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| Impetigo |
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| Streptococcus pyogenes |
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| One way that CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA are the same is |
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| they are both coagulase positive |
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| From 3/07 Applied and Environmental Microbiology: "rotavirus was detected on 16 to 30% of fomites in day care" Which of the following is a fomite that might be found in a day care? |
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| toys |
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| Suppose the infectious dose for Pathogen X is 10,000 cells. If patients are passively immunized against Pathogen X, which of the following is the most reasonable infectious dose in the immunized patients? |
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| 10,000,000 cells |
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| A serious disease that is occurring all over the planet is |
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| a pandemic |
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| According to a page at virology-online, the cytopathic effect fo Varicella Zoster Virus is unique. In other words, |
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| the virus tha tcauses chickenpox produces unique and visible changes to cells |
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| If an epidemiologist reports that there are currently 5,280 people sick with a certain disease, he/she is reporting |
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| prevelence |
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| What is the typical habitat for Clostridium ramosum? Habitat = the place where an organism lives. |
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| vagina |
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| How might this doctor have established that the transient bacteremia was indeed transient? |
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| gram stain a pure culture, vaginal swabbing observing that C. ramosum was found only sporadically in blood. all of the above |
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| As of October 27 there have been 93 deaths in children from H1N1 influenza." This sentence describes |
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| mortality |
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| What role do fleas play in epidemiology of plague |
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| they are a vector |
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| What role do rodents play in the epidemiology of plague? |
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| Y. pestis lives in rodents (reservoir) |
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| Does the boxed text suggest that Y. pestis is being frequently re-introduced into populatkions of rodents |
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| No, it is permanently established in many rodent populations. |
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| Which of the following is a real difference between endotoxins and exotoxins? |
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| Only Gram-negative bacteria make endotoxins, and only gram-positive bacteria make exotoxins. |
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| A 15 year old girl has a rash fever adn hypotension. She feels sick and weak. Her blood is cultured but no bacterial grow she is just finishing her menstrual period. She sometimes forgets to chane a tampon more than once a day. Which one of the following is probably NOT related to this girl's illness? |
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| bacteremia |
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| How could these scientists possibly know whether the MRSA were community acquired or hospital aquired, since the bacteria were actually found on public beaches |
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| These 2 types of bacterial are genetically distinct, so they might have looked at what genes the beach bacteria had. |
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| You have a gram-positive coccus that is catalase-negative. It might be a ____ but it's certainly not a staphylococcus |
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| streptococcus, staphylococcus |
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| If drinking water is not properly disinfected, people whodrink this water are at risk of diseases with ____ transmission. |
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| fecal-oral |
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| In question 42, water would be considered a ____ for transmission |
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| vehicle |
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| A patient has a bloodstreme infection with a Group B Streptococcus Could the infecting organism be streptococcus pyogenes? |
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| No |
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| What is the gram stain shape of the Group B Streptococcus? |
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| Gram + coccus |
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| Na is the atomic symbol for sodium |
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| True |
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| Xylitol is a small phospholipid that reduces rates of tooth decay. |
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| False |
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| A virus is best defined as an extremely small, parasitic cell |
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| False |
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| Dextran is a polysaccharide that helps bacteria stick to teeth and form biofilms |
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| True |
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| Gram negative bacteria use waxes in their outer membrane to protect them from toxic chemicals |
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| False |
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| Phospholipids are a type of polysaccharide. |
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| False |
